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Online since: August 2013
Authors: Khwanruedi Sangchum, Supawan Tirawanichakul, Yutthana Tirawanichakul
The impingement air drying temperature was measured by K-type thermocouples connected to a data logger with an accuracy of ±0.5°C (Yogokawa model FX100, Japan).
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION Moisture reduction of herbal germinated brown rice.
Experiment data of head rice yield, fissured kernels and chalky grain of herbal germinated brown rice were presented in Table 1.
Experimental data for head rice yield, fissured kernels and chalky grain of two herbal germinated brown rice: drying air temperature 80-100°C, air velocity 7.3 m/s.
Note: Different superscripts in the same column mean that the values are significantly different at 95% confidence level (p0.05); * Control rice is germinated brown rice which trough the steaming and blow with the ambient temperature; * Market rice is turmeric germinated brown rice which sale in market Table 2 Experintal data for color of two Table 3 Sensory evolutions of two herbal herbal germinated brown rice.
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION Moisture reduction of herbal germinated brown rice.
Experiment data of head rice yield, fissured kernels and chalky grain of herbal germinated brown rice were presented in Table 1.
Experimental data for head rice yield, fissured kernels and chalky grain of two herbal germinated brown rice: drying air temperature 80-100°C, air velocity 7.3 m/s.
Note: Different superscripts in the same column mean that the values are significantly different at 95% confidence level (p0.05); * Control rice is germinated brown rice which trough the steaming and blow with the ambient temperature; * Market rice is turmeric germinated brown rice which sale in market Table 2 Experintal data for color of two Table 3 Sensory evolutions of two herbal herbal germinated brown rice.
Online since: September 2013
Authors: Yang Liu, Jie Yuan, Xu Tang
It takes the structure of the impulse response data (later promotion can use free attenuation data or free response data) as input and adopts the method of singular value decomposition to meet minimum features of the input system.
However, as the noise interference and the measuring error exist, is generated by the test data.
An eigensystem realization algorithm for modal parameter identification and model reduction.
However, as the noise interference and the measuring error exist, is generated by the test data.
An eigensystem realization algorithm for modal parameter identification and model reduction.
Online since: January 2013
Authors: Ronald Green, Daniel B. Habersat, Mooro El, Aivars J. Lelis
From the data we can then extract the maximum charge pumping current Icp and estimate VT and VFB respectively by the position of the rising and falling edges of the signal [13].
A typical data curve is shown in Fig. 2.
From the data, we extract the number of charge pumping states Ncp by , (1) where q is the elementary charge, f is the frequency of the applied gate pulses, and AG is the MOSFET gate area.
Ncp was consistently steady during each 25 °C segment and only increased during BTS segments, whether positive or negative; relaxation through reduction in Ncp was not observed, in contrast to the ID VGS results in Fig. 1.
This data is summarized in Table 1.
A typical data curve is shown in Fig. 2.
From the data, we extract the number of charge pumping states Ncp by , (1) where q is the elementary charge, f is the frequency of the applied gate pulses, and AG is the MOSFET gate area.
Ncp was consistently steady during each 25 °C segment and only increased during BTS segments, whether positive or negative; relaxation through reduction in Ncp was not observed, in contrast to the ID VGS results in Fig. 1.
This data is summarized in Table 1.
Online since: December 2013
Authors: Chong Xun Zheng, Yue Ping Peng, Jue Wang
In recent years, the reduction work of the nine-dimension one-compartment complex model of CA1 pyramid neuron developed by David[2] is done by Yueping Peng, and et al.
Based on the electrophysiological experimental data under AD’s part pathology condition, we build the neuron model under AD’s part pathology condition, and discuss comparatively the neuron model’s dynamic variation characteristics and bioinformatics’ change before and after the effect of AD.
Based on the above electrophysiological experiment data and results, we can modify suitably the parameters’ values of the one-compartment model of CA1 pyramidal neuron in references [2], and get the CA1 pyramidal neuron model under the AD pathology condition, which is showed in formula (1)
Based on the above electrophysiological experiment data, parameters’ values related to the delay rectification K+ current in the neuron dynamic model under the AD condition are as follows: ; ; ; In addition, the state variable (V, h, n, b, z, r, y, q, [Ca2+]i) is the same as the normal neuron model, and is (-65, 0.1, 0.1, 0.1, 0.1, 0.1, 0.1, 0.1, 0.05).
Based on the electrophysiological experimental data under AD’s part pathology condition, we build the neuron model under AD’s part pathology condition, and analyze and discuss comparatively the neuron model’s dynamic variation characteristics before and after the effect of AD.
Based on the electrophysiological experimental data under AD’s part pathology condition, we build the neuron model under AD’s part pathology condition, and discuss comparatively the neuron model’s dynamic variation characteristics and bioinformatics’ change before and after the effect of AD.
Based on the above electrophysiological experiment data and results, we can modify suitably the parameters’ values of the one-compartment model of CA1 pyramidal neuron in references [2], and get the CA1 pyramidal neuron model under the AD pathology condition, which is showed in formula (1)
Based on the above electrophysiological experiment data, parameters’ values related to the delay rectification K+ current in the neuron dynamic model under the AD condition are as follows: ; ; ; In addition, the state variable (V, h, n, b, z, r, y, q, [Ca2+]i) is the same as the normal neuron model, and is (-65, 0.1, 0.1, 0.1, 0.1, 0.1, 0.1, 0.1, 0.05).
Based on the electrophysiological experimental data under AD’s part pathology condition, we build the neuron model under AD’s part pathology condition, and analyze and discuss comparatively the neuron model’s dynamic variation characteristics before and after the effect of AD.
Online since: June 2013
Authors: Xiao Hong Ma, Jian Lv, Shu Ai Zhen, Ying Zhang
Through testing an actual project which uses solar energy-water source heat pump hot water system, analysis of the operation of the system, combined with the measured data, studied respectively of the factors of solar heating system and water source heat pump heating system.
Analysis the differences of collection time and power consumption under different temperature rise Test and analysis, select the temperature rise of 10 ℃ for a period, divided into four stages, respectively is 40 ℃ ~ 50 ℃, 50 ℃ ~ 60 ℃, 60 ℃ ~ 70 ℃, 70 ℃ ~ 80 ℃, screening the test data ,research under different temperature rise condition, the differences of pump running time and power consumption.
According to the engineering test data, filter out a few days that the irradiation is similar, compare system in different drain water temperatures, the change trend of daily heating efficiency and daily useful heat capacity, refer to Fig.5, Fig.6.
Pump with frequency adjustment, quantity of water intake is reduced with the reduction of the load, so the pump power consumption reduced. 2.2.
Summary By testing the operation of solar energy-water source heat pump hot water system in a practical engineering, combined with test data to analyze and research, given some suggestions for engineering optimization.
Analysis the differences of collection time and power consumption under different temperature rise Test and analysis, select the temperature rise of 10 ℃ for a period, divided into four stages, respectively is 40 ℃ ~ 50 ℃, 50 ℃ ~ 60 ℃, 60 ℃ ~ 70 ℃, 70 ℃ ~ 80 ℃, screening the test data ,research under different temperature rise condition, the differences of pump running time and power consumption.
According to the engineering test data, filter out a few days that the irradiation is similar, compare system in different drain water temperatures, the change trend of daily heating efficiency and daily useful heat capacity, refer to Fig.5, Fig.6.
Pump with frequency adjustment, quantity of water intake is reduced with the reduction of the load, so the pump power consumption reduced. 2.2.
Summary By testing the operation of solar energy-water source heat pump hot water system in a practical engineering, combined with test data to analyze and research, given some suggestions for engineering optimization.
Online since: September 2013
Authors: Xiao Yang Lu, Qi Tao Zhou, Li Li Huang, Jin Ming Liu
Table 2 Factors and levels in the test
Factor
Level
A
B
C
Heating temperature T (℃)
Pushing speed v (mm/s)
Friction coefficient f
1
650
3
0.14
2
700
3.5
0.16
3
750
4
0.18
4
800
4.5
0.20
Simulation design scheme and data analysis
Simulation design scheme and data are shown in table 3.
Table 3 Simulation design scheme and data Number Simulation scheme Simulation result Results analysis Means Variance 1 A1B1C1 6.1592 0.0873 Wall thickness means analysis (R=Kmax-Kmin) 2 A1B2C2 6.3388 0.0390 K1 K2 K3 K4 R 3 A1B3C3 6.3664 0.0099 A 6.321 6.276 6.244 6.522 0.278 4 A1B4C4 6.4196 0.0245 5 A2B1C2 6.1742 0.0769 B 6.240 6.299 6.378 6.444 0.204 6 A2B2C1 6.0780 0.0904 7 A2B3C4 6.3678 0.0409 C 6.257 6.343 6.380 6.382 0.125 8 A2B4C3 6.4846 0.0756 9 A3B1C3 6.1468 0.2064 Wall thickness variance analysis(R=Kmax-Kmin) 10 A3B2C4 6.2590 0.1485 K1 K2 K3 K4 R 11 A3B3C1 6.2432 0.0656 A 0.0402 0.0709 0.1194 0.0564 0.0792 12 A3B4C2 6.3257 0.0572 13 A4B1C4 6.4810 0.0623 B 0.1082 0.0855 0.0364 0.0569 0.0718 14 A4B2C3 6.5238 0.0639 15 A4B3C2 6.5364 0.0290 C 0.0784 0.0505 0.0889 0.0691 0.0384 16 A4B4C1 6.5468 0.0705 The wall thickness mean value of No. 6 scheme in table 3 (A2B2C1) is 6.078 mm which is the nearest to the initial wall thickness 6 mm.
In this paper, the simulation results and measured data both refer to the second elbow pipe, as shown in figure 5.
As can be seen from figure 6, the wall thickness of the elbow pipe on the convex side is decreasing slightly, but distributed evenly and the thickness value is around 5.8 mm (the wall thickness reduction ratio is about 3.3%).
Table 3 Simulation design scheme and data Number Simulation scheme Simulation result Results analysis Means Variance 1 A1B1C1 6.1592 0.0873 Wall thickness means analysis (R=Kmax-Kmin) 2 A1B2C2 6.3388 0.0390 K1 K2 K3 K4 R 3 A1B3C3 6.3664 0.0099 A 6.321 6.276 6.244 6.522 0.278 4 A1B4C4 6.4196 0.0245 5 A2B1C2 6.1742 0.0769 B 6.240 6.299 6.378 6.444 0.204 6 A2B2C1 6.0780 0.0904 7 A2B3C4 6.3678 0.0409 C 6.257 6.343 6.380 6.382 0.125 8 A2B4C3 6.4846 0.0756 9 A3B1C3 6.1468 0.2064 Wall thickness variance analysis(R=Kmax-Kmin) 10 A3B2C4 6.2590 0.1485 K1 K2 K3 K4 R 11 A3B3C1 6.2432 0.0656 A 0.0402 0.0709 0.1194 0.0564 0.0792 12 A3B4C2 6.3257 0.0572 13 A4B1C4 6.4810 0.0623 B 0.1082 0.0855 0.0364 0.0569 0.0718 14 A4B2C3 6.5238 0.0639 15 A4B3C2 6.5364 0.0290 C 0.0784 0.0505 0.0889 0.0691 0.0384 16 A4B4C1 6.5468 0.0705 The wall thickness mean value of No. 6 scheme in table 3 (A2B2C1) is 6.078 mm which is the nearest to the initial wall thickness 6 mm.
In this paper, the simulation results and measured data both refer to the second elbow pipe, as shown in figure 5.
As can be seen from figure 6, the wall thickness of the elbow pipe on the convex side is decreasing slightly, but distributed evenly and the thickness value is around 5.8 mm (the wall thickness reduction ratio is about 3.3%).
Online since: March 2008
Authors: John G. Michopoulos, Tomonari Furukawa
Offline path planning
is the loading path planning process to be conducted until data sufficient enough to identify material
properties are obtained.
Therefore, only prior information is used and the quantification of experiments is achieved by pseudo-experimental data derived via simulation (FEA).
Online path planning, on the other hand, updates loading path by taking sensor data or empirical information into account in addition to the prior information.
In order to investigate the effect of numerical issues first, the testing machine and the experimental data are created in a virtual environment.
Reifsnider, StiRness-reduction Mechanisms in Composite Laminates, SPT775 Damage in Composite Materials (1982), pp. 103-117
Therefore, only prior information is used and the quantification of experiments is achieved by pseudo-experimental data derived via simulation (FEA).
Online path planning, on the other hand, updates loading path by taking sensor data or empirical information into account in addition to the prior information.
In order to investigate the effect of numerical issues first, the testing machine and the experimental data are created in a virtual environment.
Reifsnider, StiRness-reduction Mechanisms in Composite Laminates, SPT775 Damage in Composite Materials (1982), pp. 103-117
Online since: May 2013
Authors: Run Sheng Wang, Jing Xu
With technical progress and cost reduction, the lightweight wall greening technology represents the new development trend of wall greening.
This technology is convenient to change parameters or variables and even the model structure, input the command at any time through the keyboard or voice and output data, charts, renderings (Figure.3.) or even animations in the simulation process.
Under the limit of known conditions, we can scientifically compound matching data through variable selection, highlight the characteristics of local configuration, and predict the visual effect of the construction.
In addition, BIM also need to build the actual database to timely import and integrate the cost data in cost accounting, so that visibly collect or split the cost.
While BIM platform can establish the five dimensional relationship of time, space, process to the cost data.
This technology is convenient to change parameters or variables and even the model structure, input the command at any time through the keyboard or voice and output data, charts, renderings (Figure.3.) or even animations in the simulation process.
Under the limit of known conditions, we can scientifically compound matching data through variable selection, highlight the characteristics of local configuration, and predict the visual effect of the construction.
In addition, BIM also need to build the actual database to timely import and integrate the cost data in cost accounting, so that visibly collect or split the cost.
While BIM platform can establish the five dimensional relationship of time, space, process to the cost data.
Online since: September 2007
Authors: Alberto Vallan, Massimo Olivero, Silvio Abrate, Guido Perrone
Introduction
Fibers optic sensors (FOS) are gaining an important role in structural monitoring thanks to their
immunity to electrostatic discharges, fire safety compliance and capability to use the same fiber both
for sensing and data transmission.
The control unit includes a 12-bit data acquisition (DAQ) card with a USB interface for connection to a PC that performs the elaboration of data and keeps historic record of displacements through a LabVIEW program.
Upon real-time application of the linear temperature compensation (dark grey triangles) to the raw data, the residual variations are lower than ±45µm (black squares).
To reduce such effect we introduced the packaging described in the previous section and we are still testing the new assembly repeatability, though the preliminary results suggest a two-fold reduction of the normalized signal scattering. 0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 0.0 0.4 0.8 1.2 1.6 2.0 normalized signal sensor ±standard deviation band Fig. 5.
The control unit includes a 12-bit data acquisition (DAQ) card with a USB interface for connection to a PC that performs the elaboration of data and keeps historic record of displacements through a LabVIEW program.
Upon real-time application of the linear temperature compensation (dark grey triangles) to the raw data, the residual variations are lower than ±45µm (black squares).
To reduce such effect we introduced the packaging described in the previous section and we are still testing the new assembly repeatability, though the preliminary results suggest a two-fold reduction of the normalized signal scattering. 0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 0.0 0.4 0.8 1.2 1.6 2.0 normalized signal sensor ±standard deviation band Fig. 5.
Online since: January 2012
Authors: Jun Yuan, Quan Yuan Feng, Dan Wang
Specifications for Design
According to the filtering requirement of project, the specifications are defined as follows: a lowpass filter whose cutoff frequency is 1MHz, and whose scale is 33taps(coefficients).The input signal comes from a 10-bits A/D convertor at the sampling rate of 100MHz, and 16-bits complement data are expected at the output.
The sign bit of product can be obtained by XOR (eXclusive OR) between the most significant bit of two input data, while the value part of product is the product of two positive number.
As a result of reduction on logic occupation, complement is conducive to high-speed FIR filter design.
Let’s assume the input signal is multi-frequency sampling data whose frequency components mainly include 500 KHz and 3 MHz The filtering appearance, as shown in Fig. 5, is enough to meet the design requirements.
By importing the output data of two FIR filters into MATLAB, the analysis indicates the average precision of the optimized filter design have already increased by 2.5%, compared to the traditional fixed point implementation.
The sign bit of product can be obtained by XOR (eXclusive OR) between the most significant bit of two input data, while the value part of product is the product of two positive number.
As a result of reduction on logic occupation, complement is conducive to high-speed FIR filter design.
Let’s assume the input signal is multi-frequency sampling data whose frequency components mainly include 500 KHz and 3 MHz The filtering appearance, as shown in Fig. 5, is enough to meet the design requirements.
By importing the output data of two FIR filters into MATLAB, the analysis indicates the average precision of the optimized filter design have already increased by 2.5%, compared to the traditional fixed point implementation.