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Online since: May 2020
Authors: V. Lopatin, M. Dobrovenko, E. Lopatina, R. Sokolov, S. Sidelnikov
Analysis of the scientific and technical literature [7-19] showed the lack of data on the rheological characteristics of the PdNi-5 alloy in it.
To determine them, special experimental studies performed [8, 9], as a result of which data obtained on the tensile strength and elongation, the values of which imported into the DEFORM-3D software package.
A graph of the variation of the drawing ratio λsing by passes for the current and proposed drawing modes Simulation of the drawing process made it possible, for given deformation parameters (single εsing and total ε∑ reduction), to calculate the ultimate tensile strength Rm in the deformation zone, as well as to obtain data on the drawing force Pdraw and the fracture criterion for CC-L passes (Table 2).
Calculation data for the process of drawing the wire from alloy PdNi-5 Number of pass Diameter, mm λsing εsing, % ε∑, % Rm, MPa Pdraw, N CC-L 3.82 1 3.46 1.22 18.0 18.0 242 845.0 0.17 2 3.13 1.22 18.2 32.9 295 726.6 0.23 3 2.82 1.23 18.8 45.5 336 823.2 0.32 4 2.53 1.24 19.5 56.1 647 625.1 0.33 5 2.26 1.25 20.2 65.0 578 505.0 0.41 6 2.02 1.25 20.1 72.0 538 628.7 0.23 7 1.81 1.25 19.7 77.6 597 545.1 0.29 8 1.62 1.25 19.9 82.0 626 530.5 0.35 9 1.45 1.25 19.9 85.6 649 477.0 0.42 10 1.31 1.23 18.4 88.2 648 312.3 0.48 11 1.184 1.22 18.3 90.4 652 247.3 0.53 The distribution of drawing stresses in the deformation zone for the proposed modes is shown in Fig. 3.
To determine them, special experimental studies performed [8, 9], as a result of which data obtained on the tensile strength and elongation, the values of which imported into the DEFORM-3D software package.
A graph of the variation of the drawing ratio λsing by passes for the current and proposed drawing modes Simulation of the drawing process made it possible, for given deformation parameters (single εsing and total ε∑ reduction), to calculate the ultimate tensile strength Rm in the deformation zone, as well as to obtain data on the drawing force Pdraw and the fracture criterion for CC-L passes (Table 2).
Calculation data for the process of drawing the wire from alloy PdNi-5 Number of pass Diameter, mm λsing εsing, % ε∑, % Rm, MPa Pdraw, N CC-L 3.82 1 3.46 1.22 18.0 18.0 242 845.0 0.17 2 3.13 1.22 18.2 32.9 295 726.6 0.23 3 2.82 1.23 18.8 45.5 336 823.2 0.32 4 2.53 1.24 19.5 56.1 647 625.1 0.33 5 2.26 1.25 20.2 65.0 578 505.0 0.41 6 2.02 1.25 20.1 72.0 538 628.7 0.23 7 1.81 1.25 19.7 77.6 597 545.1 0.29 8 1.62 1.25 19.9 82.0 626 530.5 0.35 9 1.45 1.25 19.9 85.6 649 477.0 0.42 10 1.31 1.23 18.4 88.2 648 312.3 0.48 11 1.184 1.22 18.3 90.4 652 247.3 0.53 The distribution of drawing stresses in the deformation zone for the proposed modes is shown in Fig. 3.
Online since: November 2013
Authors: Tomas Trčka, Pavel Koktavý, Robert Macků, Vladimir Holcman
Obtained results for the individual samples group are depicted in Fig. 1a as a solid line and fits experimental data very well.
It corresponds to the extracted data form the noise measurement as presented before.
Experimental data (see Fig. 2a) pointed out 1/f noise development with the bias current according to the Eq. 1 as is expected.
Instead of this, we observe invariant behavior with the marginal reduction of the measurement uncertainty.
Nevertheless, the experimental data must be corrected because of the high samples resistance, self-capacitance and the finite amplifier input resistance.
It corresponds to the extracted data form the noise measurement as presented before.
Experimental data (see Fig. 2a) pointed out 1/f noise development with the bias current according to the Eq. 1 as is expected.
Instead of this, we observe invariant behavior with the marginal reduction of the measurement uncertainty.
Nevertheless, the experimental data must be corrected because of the high samples resistance, self-capacitance and the finite amplifier input resistance.
Online since: February 2012
Authors: José Divo Bressan, Ricardo Kirchhof Unfer
After preparing the sheet proof specimens, it was performed simple tensile tests and measurements of roughness and waviness of the specimen surface at various strain stages resulting in a large quantity of data.
From these data, it was possible to obtain points needed to plot the curves of roughness and waviness parameters versus strain and to determine the material behavior using equations of the equivalent strain ().
By these data, it was possible to obtain points necessary to plot curves of roughness and waviness versus equivalent strain () and determine its evolution on the surface of the sheets as function of strains e1, e2 and .
After each plastic strain step in simple tensile test, measurements were made in order to obtain the values of increments of length (L in mm), reduction of the width (W in mm) and thickness (h in mm) for each step and specimen, using a profile projector accurate to 1 µm.
From these data, it was possible to obtain points needed to plot the curves of roughness and waviness parameters versus strain and to determine the material behavior using equations of the equivalent strain ().
By these data, it was possible to obtain points necessary to plot curves of roughness and waviness versus equivalent strain () and determine its evolution on the surface of the sheets as function of strains e1, e2 and .
After each plastic strain step in simple tensile test, measurements were made in order to obtain the values of increments of length (L in mm), reduction of the width (W in mm) and thickness (h in mm) for each step and specimen, using a profile projector accurate to 1 µm.
Online since: February 2013
Authors: Bin Zhang, Xiao Qiao Guo, Gang Yan
According to the statistic data, the add value of machinery manufacturing industry increased 311.40% and energy consumption increased 19% from 2001 to 2008[3].
In order to response to the environmental challenge, and avoid repeating the old path of “pollution first, treatment later”, china formulated “the twelfth five-year plan” and continuously took “saving energy and emission reduction” as a binding goal of the economic and social development.
Based on the models, empirical data should be collected and analyzed.
With the models and datas, the energy consumption table was compiled in table 1 and table 2.
According to energy consumption data and calculation, the direct energy consumption in machinary manufacting industry(sector 15) accounts for 5.46% of total direct energy consumption in china in 2007 and ranks 7th among 22 economic sectors.
In order to response to the environmental challenge, and avoid repeating the old path of “pollution first, treatment later”, china formulated “the twelfth five-year plan” and continuously took “saving energy and emission reduction” as a binding goal of the economic and social development.
Based on the models, empirical data should be collected and analyzed.
With the models and datas, the energy consumption table was compiled in table 1 and table 2.
According to energy consumption data and calculation, the direct energy consumption in machinary manufacting industry(sector 15) accounts for 5.46% of total direct energy consumption in china in 2007 and ranks 7th among 22 economic sectors.
Online since: July 2013
Authors: Zhen Ge, Yi Jiang, Hong Sun, Xi Luo, Jia Xi Shi
Network throughput needs to be maximized while full consideration should be given to interference reduction and network connectivity.
If two nodes u and v which use the same channel can transmit data successfully, the following two conditions must be satisfied: (1) d(u, v)≤ rT; (2) for any node x that uses the same channel with u and v, if min{d(x, u), d(x, v)}≤r1, the transmission is unsuccessful.
Links selected by greedy algorithm has the minimum interference, thus can significantly increase the number of channels that can transmit data simultaneously.
Based on this strategy, links interference can be effectively reduced, thus can significantly increase the number of channels that can transmit data simultaneously.
If two nodes u and v which use the same channel can transmit data successfully, the following two conditions must be satisfied: (1) d(u, v)≤ rT; (2) for any node x that uses the same channel with u and v, if min{d(x, u), d(x, v)}≤r1, the transmission is unsuccessful.
Links selected by greedy algorithm has the minimum interference, thus can significantly increase the number of channels that can transmit data simultaneously.
Based on this strategy, links interference can be effectively reduced, thus can significantly increase the number of channels that can transmit data simultaneously.
Online since: April 2021
Authors: Harekrishna Bar
Gold nanoparticles have been successfully synthesized using aqueous leaf extract of Piper betle In this extracellular synthesis, after exposing of metal ions to betel leaf extract, reduction leads into their metallic state and these are stabilized by the biomolecules present in leaf extract, where extract are being used as both reducing as well as stabilizing agents at ambient condition.
With the reference of standard diffraction data of JCPDS–ICDD 1999, it confirmed the face centered cubic structures of synthesized gold nanoparticles.
There is also a strong signal for Cu in the EDX data, which has come from Cu TEM grid.
The shifting of the bands 1627 to 1610 cm-1, 1394 to 1382 cm-1 and 1075 to 1072 cm-1 signifies the involvement of the functional groups in reduction procedure and stabilization.
With the reference of standard diffraction data of JCPDS–ICDD 1999, it confirmed the face centered cubic structures of synthesized gold nanoparticles.
There is also a strong signal for Cu in the EDX data, which has come from Cu TEM grid.
The shifting of the bands 1627 to 1610 cm-1, 1394 to 1382 cm-1 and 1075 to 1072 cm-1 signifies the involvement of the functional groups in reduction procedure and stabilization.
Online since: March 2012
Authors: K. Barani, S.M.J. Koleini, B. Rezai, A. Khodadadi
In this research, the effect of sample and oven parameters such as sample volume and placement of sample on microwave heating of water and an iron ore material were studied and obtained data were compared.
These included microwave assisted ore grinding, microwave assisted carbothermic reduction of metal oxides, microwave-assisted drying and anhydration, microwave-assisted minerals leaching, microwave-assisted roasting and smelting of sulfide concentrates, microwave-assisted pretreatment of refractory gold concentrates, microwave-assisted spent carbon regeneration and microwave-assisted waste management [1].
(cm3) Radiation Time (S) T1 (℃) T2 (℃) WTO (J) QW (W) Absorption by water (%) 200 60 27 55 33000 23520 71.27 200 60 29 56 33000 22680 68.73 300 60 27 48 33000 26460 80.18 300 120 29 73 66000 55440 84.00 400 60 26 43 33000 28560 86.55 400 120 29 63 66000 57120 86.55 500 60 26 40 33000 29400 89.09 500 60 28.5 42.5 33000 29400 89.09 500 120 29 57 66000 58800 89.09 600 60 26 38 33000 30240 91.64 600 120 29 53 66000 60480 91.64 800 120 29 48.5 66000 65520 99.27 800 120 29 48 66000 63840 96.73 1000 120 24 40 66000 67200 101.82 1000 60 33 41 33000 33600 101.82 These data show that the microwave energy absorbed by water, increased with increasing in sample volume.
Comparing data in Table 4 and 5 shows, that aspect ratio parameter is more effective on microwave absorption by iron ore than water.
Data presented in Table 6 shows that for water sample, with increasing distance from center of the oven, the temperature was increased.
These included microwave assisted ore grinding, microwave assisted carbothermic reduction of metal oxides, microwave-assisted drying and anhydration, microwave-assisted minerals leaching, microwave-assisted roasting and smelting of sulfide concentrates, microwave-assisted pretreatment of refractory gold concentrates, microwave-assisted spent carbon regeneration and microwave-assisted waste management [1].
(cm3) Radiation Time (S) T1 (℃) T2 (℃) WTO (J) QW (W) Absorption by water (%) 200 60 27 55 33000 23520 71.27 200 60 29 56 33000 22680 68.73 300 60 27 48 33000 26460 80.18 300 120 29 73 66000 55440 84.00 400 60 26 43 33000 28560 86.55 400 120 29 63 66000 57120 86.55 500 60 26 40 33000 29400 89.09 500 60 28.5 42.5 33000 29400 89.09 500 120 29 57 66000 58800 89.09 600 60 26 38 33000 30240 91.64 600 120 29 53 66000 60480 91.64 800 120 29 48.5 66000 65520 99.27 800 120 29 48 66000 63840 96.73 1000 120 24 40 66000 67200 101.82 1000 60 33 41 33000 33600 101.82 These data show that the microwave energy absorbed by water, increased with increasing in sample volume.
Comparing data in Table 4 and 5 shows, that aspect ratio parameter is more effective on microwave absorption by iron ore than water.
Data presented in Table 6 shows that for water sample, with increasing distance from center of the oven, the temperature was increased.
Online since: December 2010
Authors: Siti Nazziera Mokhtar, Ahmad Firman Masudi, Nik Meriam Sulaiman, Che Rosmani Che Hassan, Noor Zalina Mahmood
Data collection and observations was conducted at three construction sites which adopt different type of method with different type of building and size of project in Klang Valley.
Data analysis from Figure 1 shows that waste index of Project A which is a commercial building was significantly higher than Project B which is a residential building.
Figure 1 : Waste index between two types of project with different type of building From data analysis, both Project A and Project B have different sizes of gross floor area (GFA).
These materials are selected due to the availability of data and their significant proportions of waste generated.
Architects’ perspectives on construction waste reduction by design.
Data analysis from Figure 1 shows that waste index of Project A which is a commercial building was significantly higher than Project B which is a residential building.
Figure 1 : Waste index between two types of project with different type of building From data analysis, both Project A and Project B have different sizes of gross floor area (GFA).
These materials are selected due to the availability of data and their significant proportions of waste generated.
Architects’ perspectives on construction waste reduction by design.
Online since: March 2018
Authors: Haniza Yazid, Wan Azani Wan Mustapa
The main idea based on illumination estimated using the statistical region data.
Based on this method, adaptive non-linear filters capable of producing a better contrast, however, it does not promise in the reduction of luminosity variation.
Secondly, vessels are not evenly dispersed throughout the image, and the macula section has no vessels at all which is this will tend to a very sparse data set to be interposed to gain an assessment of the illumination drift.
This technique successfully to tackle the total noise by maximizing the local image data for contrast enhancement. 3.
Balasubramanian, “Retinal blood vessel segmentation employing image processing and data mining techniques for computerized retinal image analysis,” Biocybern.
Based on this method, adaptive non-linear filters capable of producing a better contrast, however, it does not promise in the reduction of luminosity variation.
Secondly, vessels are not evenly dispersed throughout the image, and the macula section has no vessels at all which is this will tend to a very sparse data set to be interposed to gain an assessment of the illumination drift.
This technique successfully to tackle the total noise by maximizing the local image data for contrast enhancement. 3.
Balasubramanian, “Retinal blood vessel segmentation employing image processing and data mining techniques for computerized retinal image analysis,” Biocybern.
Online since: June 2015
Authors: Li Jun Fang, Tong Cao, Hong Kun Liu, Chang Li
This paper provides a theoretical and data support for the selection and calculation of combustion parameters of mixed sludge and resource utilization of sludge.
Sludge incineration has advantages of a high processing speed, large volume reduction and recyclable energy, etc, but the fire performance is poor and can cause air pollution if it burn alone.
Therefore, this paper, selecting sludge, lignite, eucalyptus leaves and mixed sample as the research object, simulating micro-oxygen-rich environment with 30%O2/70%CO2, using thermogravimetric analysis method, study combustion performance of samples in micro-oxygen-rich environment in order to provide a certain theoretical and data support for the resource utilization of sludge.
Finally the sample’s industrial analysis and elemental analysis data are shown in Table 1.
The temperature range of the data is formed a straight line by fitting.
Sludge incineration has advantages of a high processing speed, large volume reduction and recyclable energy, etc, but the fire performance is poor and can cause air pollution if it burn alone.
Therefore, this paper, selecting sludge, lignite, eucalyptus leaves and mixed sample as the research object, simulating micro-oxygen-rich environment with 30%O2/70%CO2, using thermogravimetric analysis method, study combustion performance of samples in micro-oxygen-rich environment in order to provide a certain theoretical and data support for the resource utilization of sludge.
Finally the sample’s industrial analysis and elemental analysis data are shown in Table 1.
The temperature range of the data is formed a straight line by fitting.