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Cu3P can be observed at the grain boundary of the (Cu, Ni)3P phase.
Acknowledgments This work is supported by School of Engineering, King Mongkut’s Institute of Technology Ladkrabang under the contract number 2563-02-01-035.

A number of theoretical studies have suggested that the smallest single-walled nanotubes might have Young's modulus as high as 5 TPa [3].
However, it was demonstrated that SWNTs are ideal additives for use as grain boundary stabilizers.

The hardness increases with the presence of the second phase (inter-metallic) and the decreasing size of the grain [9].
United State of America. (2009): paten number US 8,225,718 B2 [2] Widyastuti, Setyowati, Vuri Ayu, and Taufik Akbar.

A large number of uses for this waste have been reported in literature by authors such as [13,17,14,27,12,1,5,11].
In a micrometer scale, the particles begin to come together through the formation of necks between the contact regions, which later will be grain boundaries.

It can be bio-ethanol derived mainly from grain, sugarcane or sugar beet by fermentation; biodiesel produced from a variety of vegetable oils and animal fats using trans-esterification or biogas from biodegradable waste material by anaerobic digestion.
B20 has a higher cetane number and high lubricity than petroleum diesel.

Introduction Iron-aluminides possesses a number of physical and mechanical properties that make them attractive for use at elevated temperatures and in aggressive environments.
For example, HSS made from powder metallurgy bring the both of grain size refining of matrix and uniformly dispersion of hard particle.

The resulting wafers turn out to have a less well organized multicrystalline structure made up of regions of single-crystal silicon separated by grain boundaries.
Although crystal-silicon cells dominate the current solar model marketplace, a number of thin film technologies are beginning to receive considerably research and develop and takes the advantages of crystal-silicon in terms of costs and temperature tolerance.

Test results and discussion The grinding fineness effect to flotation index According to a large number of condition experiment result, comparison tests were carried out with 80%, 85%, 90%, and 95% -74μm of grinding fineness on same floating condition.
The lead-zinc ores belong to refractory lead-zinc mine according to process mineralogy study, the status of lead and zinc minerals disseminated granularity is fine-grained, it is very difficult to dissociate fully. 2.

Then the design and selection of suitable crushing equipments to achieve comminution and dissociation of metals and nonmetals contained in the discarded circuit board in a relatively coarse-grained level can be obtained.
A large number of circuit board slots which is constituted by plastic and a long strip of copper wire, aluminum wire mainly include ISA, PCI, AGP, SDRAM, DDR and etc.

TiAl intermetallic alloy contained duplex microstructure consisting lamellar colonies (TiAl+Ti3Al) and gamma grain (TiAl).
In Nf (number of cycles to failure) = 107, the relation between film thickness, fatigue strength, and fracture mechanism is schematically shown in Fig. 9.