Search results

The key parameters of soft reduction technology includes: total reduction, reduction position and reduction ratio, reduction rate for the designated areas.
On the premise of determination of position in soft reduction, we analyze the macrostructure test, central segregation index methods according to the measured data.
The relation between total rolling reduction and reduction ratio[7]: Total rolling reduction = (1) Where:— total rolling reduction/mm; —reduction ratio/mm·m-1; —length of soft reduction/m。
Reduction rate means the rolling reduction during unit time.
Reduction rate is an important parameter for devices of soft reduction.

Vorovskogo, 13-7, Chelyabinsk, 7454094, Russian Federation abilgenova@susu.ru, bgamovpa@susu.ru, croshchinve@susu.ru Keywords: solid-phase reduction, direct reduction, indirect reduction, anionic vacancy, cation, quantitative estimation.
The direct reduction of metals from a complex oxide with low iron content by solid carbon and indirect reduction by CO gas were studied in a vertical laboratory resistance furnace at 1300 °C for an hour reduction time.
Introduction The complexity of the process of metal reduction from solid oxides by carbon is associated with the fact that there is no a single reduction mechanism which could be valid for all cases of the metal reduction.
The data about the area of each reduced iron particle, the total number of iron particles, the average size and the area of the total metal was obtained as a result of processing of the panoramic optical images of surface of the samples’ sections, Table 1.
At the same temperature and time of reduction, the reduction by CO gas led to the reduction of the metal with total area 1373.33 - 1851.55 μm2 with average size of every particle 1.87-1.32 μm2.

By comparing the diffraction lines in Fig. 1 with the tabulated diffractometric data [17], three compounds may be identified in the observed system, namely NiO, WO3 and NiWO4.
The standard enthalpies and free energies of reduction of oxides, shown in Table I, one may calculate on the basis of the handbooks of thermodynamic data.
In accordance to literature data [8, 9], NiO is reduced at the lowest temperature, while pure WO3 requires the highest temperature to be reduced.
By the way, from the X-ray diffractometric data, the electrochemically obtained alloys are different in structural sense from alloys of this study.
[17] Powder Diffraction File, Joint Committee on Powder diffraction, International Center for Diffraction Data, Swarthmore, PA, 1987

However, researchers have been illustrated that Pawlak’s rough set model has some limitations when handling some practical problems, especially when some noise data are included.
So that the rule properties need to be preserved after attribute reduction.
Attribute reduction in variable precision rough set model In this section, Ziarko’s and Mi’s attribute reduction models will be briefly recalled.
Rule acquisition based on rough set theory should correspond to the original data set.
If the rule properties are changed when reducing attributes, such as deterministic rules are changed to probabilistic rules, even some deterministic rules are eliminated, the obtained rule set will not confirm to the original data set. 3.

It has conceived as a tool to conceptualize and analyze various types of data.
In Section 3, some new types of knowledge reduction, namely, -level distribution reduction and -level approximate reduction are proposed in set-valued information systems , moreover, properties and relationship between them are discussed.
That is to say is a distribution consistent reduction of.
In this paper, we have studied knowledge reduction of set-valued decision information systems based on tolerance relation, The distribution reduction is introduced.
Kumar: New techniques for data reduction in a database system for knowledge discovery applications.

The equilibrium distribution of Cr and Si between slag and metal was calculated on the basis of the acquired data.
We have got some conclusive data and done some analysis about the thermodynamic feasibility of smelting reduction.
Kinetics Research of Chromium Ore Smelting Reduction Process in a Converter Carbon is cheap and easily got, and its reduction ability improves as the temperature rises, which satisfies the reduction thermodynamic condition of chromium ore.
So it is selected as reducing agent in the chromium ore reduction system.
Reduction process was divided into three phases.

Based on the data availability and the total amount of different countries’ CO2 emission, 49 countries’ data between 2001 and 2007 are taken as the samples.
CO2 emission amount in Africa is not included in this research because of low CO2 emission and lacking data in Africa.
The data of energy and CO2 are from Energy Information Administration (EIA) in 2009.
The capital stock is obtained by roughly calculating the relevant data in Penne World Table (PWT6.3) with perpetual inventory method.
The data of labor force and GDP are also collected according to PWT6.3.

These films were annealed at 50 °C under vacuum overnight before thermal reduction.
Chemical reduction and thermal reduction methods are widely used to convert GO to RGO.
We interpret the data in terms of kinetic mechanisms involved in the thermal reduction of GO.
For characterization of the conversion and reaction rate of the thermal reduction quantitatively, we define a reduction yield.
From the response curve, we estimated the initial reduction response DR400/Dt of each data set at various heating temperatures, see Fig. 4.

Based on Jilin province and nine cities’ COD emissions data of 2010, this paper is an attempt to quantitatively analyze the area distribution patterns of two indices (COD emissions per capita and COD emissions per unit production value) as well as their causes.
COD emissions environment learning curve We calculated the ten thousand yuan GDP COD emissions and GDP per capita of nine cities which were based on economic data and environmental statistics in calendar year.
Use the data to do a scatter plot.
The COD emissions environment learning curve of Jilin province We build the COD emissions environment learning curve of Jilin province which was based on the data of ten thousand yuan GDP COD emissions and GDP per capita from 2000 to 2010(Figure 1).
These data were simulated by the COD emissions of environmental learning curve of Jilin province.

This paper presents an empirical Gramian balanced reduction method which efficiently solves nonlinear power system model reduction problems.
Model reduction is one of effective solutions to solve the above problems.
Nonlinear dynamic power system model reduction is the key research hotspot.
The system sample data got by the empirical method must be in stable region, and reflect the perturbation as much as possible.
The more data samples of system, the more accurate Gramian matrices.