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However, this approach has negative consequences such as the existence of insulating surface ligands and microscopic phase segregations which are limiting factors for the best performance of photovoltaic devices.
Ø Improve charge transport properties through metal nanoparticle doping.
Electronic properties of metal NPs depend largely on their sizes.
Table 4: Chemical and physical properties of commonly used solvents.
Properties of functional layers in inverted thin film organic solar cells.

The flow field in the head of the combustor is mainly affected by the structure of the secondary swirler[8].Therefore, the key of structure design is the layout of air inlets and vanes and the structural size of Venturi tubes and secondary swirler, which significantly impact the aerodynamic performance of swirlers.
Construction method of n design points, d factors LHS is as follows: In terms of certain space-filling design, suppose there are d factors, then respectively project the value intervals of all factors to d one-dimensional coordinate intervals to construct a d-dimensional unit cube [0,1]d.
During the modeling process of geometric structure, we adopt the mechanical design software UG NX, which is commonly used in current aviation industry.
By analyzing the axial velocity cloud chart at the cross-section d of the outlet flow field in swirler, we know that the rotary jet flow cone angle and the shape of the recirculation zone in Case 2, Case 4 and Case 5 are more ideal, in all of which the recirculation zone with the property of “first enlarging, then narrowing” begins to form at the outlet of secondary swirler, and the wake flow of the recirculation zone extends to the outlet of the swirler.
However, there are many factors that affect the aerodynamic performance of swirler, the above result can't achieve complete optimization.

Both temperature and frequency of loading significantly affect the values of G* and δ for asphalt binders.
Table 2 through Table 5 summarizes the properties of six asphalt types.
Table 6 presents the SBS properties.
Physical and mechanical properties of SBS Property Value Density(Kg/m3) 1302 Melting point (oC) 187 Color While Asphalt mixtures.
Anderson, The New Proposed Rheological Properties of Asphalt Binders: Why are They Required and How Do They Compare To The Conventional Properties, Physical Properties of Asphalt Binders, ASTM, STP 1241(1995)

Moreover, the effects of body flexibility have been increasingly recognized as important factors in the dynamic loads and stability studies performed on the aerospace configurations.
The Reynolds decomposition defines flow property at this point as the sum of a steady mean component and a time varying fluctuating component with zero mean value, i.e. .
Using averaging and substitution in Eq. 1, RANS equations end up with the following forms (3) The viscosity,, is the property of the fluid and is the instantaneous strain rate tensor.
The Courant number (CFL) determines the internal time step and affects the solution speed and stability.
Journal of the Brazilian Society of Mechanical Science and Engineering, 26(2004) 290-296

Therefore, according to the new countryside residence construction request, unifying the Henan Province sentiment and the present countryside residence construction situation, people make some improvements and transformation to the traditional flat roof, expecting to form technical and economical reasonable feasible roof structure technology in the new countryside residence construction. 2 The flat roof problems and analysis of the reasons For asphalt parent metal waterproofing material used on flat roof roofing waterproof layer, because of such outdoor synthesis factors such as the sunlight radiation, the cold hot alternation and so on, the asphalt oil and the resin featherweight component will change into the great molecular weight asphalt nature component, asphalt nature component gradually increases, reducing the plasticity of the bituminous material, increasing brittleness, thus causing the roofing waterproof layer aging embrittlement and the roof leakage.
When the roof building enclosure interior has the condensation or the roofing waterproof layer aging bursts, and when roofing water leakage permeates heat insulating layer, which will increase the roof insulation material moisture content, the roof heat preservation heat insulation ability and the energy conservation effect will be reduced. 3 Prefabricates the trough board flat roof mechanical design “USD” roofing developed by overseas researchers, although, may, theoretically, slow down the traditional roofing waterproof layer material component from the progressively changing aging, in practice and in the process of application, this structure procedure proposed both the waterproofing to the thermal insulation material and the durable dual request.
Because the roof leakage is generally realized by permeating through the structure board between board seams and affects indoor, this structure causes a certain height between the structure board (150mm), even if the layer of draining water presents crack, the roof leakage will not pour into the seam, thus achieving the effect of the roof preventing leakage itself.
The reinforced concrete prefabricated groove plate flat roof structure Table 1 Reinforced concrete prefabricated groove plate roof structure and material properties Tectonic level Material name Laminate Thickness (mm) Coefficient of thermal conductivity (W/mžK) Coefficient of thermal storage W/m2žK) Thermal resistance (m2žK/ W) Structure layer Reinforced concrete groove plate 150 1.74 12.4 0.086 leveling blanket compo 20 0.93 11.37 0.022 insulation Different choices leveling blanket compo 20 0.93 11.37 0.022 waterproof layer SBS modified asphalt coil 3 0.17 3.33 0.059 4 Flat roof precast groove plate thermal performance analysis 4.1 Roof computation model of palisade structure The Henan Province occupies five geographic latitudes from north to south, and outdoor average air temperature of the hottest and coldest months of typical areas through years is shown in table 2[6].
(6) Table 5 Thermal insulation material selection and hot working target Material name Key property request Thermal conductivity predicted value (W/mžK) Regeneration coefficient predicted value(W/m2žK) Coefficient of thermal conductivity (W/mžK) Coefficient of thermal storage (W/m2žK) Compressive strength (MPa) Dry weight density (kg/m3) Cement inflated pearlite board 0.16 2.49 ≥0.3 400 0.240 3.735 Air entrainment concrete slab 0.19 2.81 ≥0.4 500 0.285 4.215 Polystyrene froth plastic film 0.042 0.36 ≥0.1 20～30 0.055 0.468 Table 6 Zhengzhou area heat insulating layer should have smallest thickness Cement inflated pearlite board Air entrainment concrete slab Polystyrene froth plastic film Smallest thickness(mm) Thermal resistance (m2.k/w) Smallest thickness(mm) Thermal resistance(m2.k/w) Smallest thickness(mm) Thermal resistance (m2.k/w) 90 0.362 130 0.362 20 0.362 5 Conclusion (1) The steel bar

Ergonomic Analysis of Multi-Function Forest Fire Helmet Hongze Yang1,a, Bo Li1,b, Yanan Wu1,b and Bin Li1,b 1College of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China a9316762@qq.com, bid-workshop@sohu.com Keywords: fire helmet; ergonomics; safety; comfort.
However, as the reinforcing strip increase absolute height of the helmet, resulting in the overly high of center gravity of helmet, the stability of wearing is affected [5].
National standards require as follow: In the impact absorption performance test, the impact value in the head mode should be equal or less than 4900N; In the puncture-resistant properties, the steel cone and the head mode do not produce electrical contact; In the flame resistance ability, the continued burning time should be less than 5 seconds; In the side rigid test, the maximum deformation of helmet shell should not exceed 40mm and residual deformation should not exceed 15mm; In flame retardant performance test, the shawl fabric oxygen index should be equal or more than 30; In helmet shield performance test in using of 340 spectrophotometer, the visible light transmittance should be equal or more than 90%.
The important factor to influence the motion following stability is structural characteristics of suspension parts, especially mechanics of materials such as rigidity, damping, securing forces and so on.
The comfort of the helmet influences the firemen’s safety and forest property.

Ionic Liquids Fractionation Ionic liquids (ILs) which are composed of organic cations and organic or inorganic anions have attracted much attention due to their favorable properties including high thermal stability, chemical stability, negligible vapor pressure, and non-flammability in recent years [9].
However, the price of ILs is high which becomes a major factor limiting the large-scale application of ILs in bio-refinery, thereby the reusability of ILs has to be improved aiming to reduce the industrial cost[22].
Moreover, extrusion process can provide a unique continuous reactor environment for combination of mechanical and thermo-chemical treatments of lignocellulosic materials at high throughput and solids loading [38,42].
These parameters affecting reaction severities and shear conditions have to be optimized for fractionating different types of lignocellulosic materials [44].
Steam explosion and twin-screw extrusion are based on continuous processes with short residence time and high throughput using the combination of mechanical and thermo-chemical treatments that efficiently depolymerizes the lignocellulosic structure.

MR dampers utilise specific properties of MR fluid, which is a suspension of high-concentration soft magnetic particles in nonmagnetic carrier, thus it changes its apparent viscosity in the presence of magnetic field.
Its properties are as follows: Re > 450 MPa (typically 550 MPa), E = 200 GPa, Q–1 ≈ 4.4∙10–4 [-] at 1.5 Hz excitation [9].
Its properties are: Re > 825 MPa (typical 910 MPa), E = 110 GPa, Q–1 may be assessed to be ≈ 4.4∙10–4 [-] (at ca. 1.5 Hz excitation) based on [3].
The selections of system elements and properties (MR damper, shaker, tower material variants) described above, together with assumptions (c) – (f) and calculations based on [11] and on discrete frequency method (1)-(8), all made it possible to determine tower geometry (thus also mass) and mass of the nacelle.
[8] Kivineva E.: The Influence of Composition and Hot Processes on Heat Affected Zone and Weld Metal Behavior and Mechanical Properties of Ti Grade 5 and Stainless Steel, Doctoral Thesis, Royal Institute of Technology (KTH), Stockholm, Sweden, 2004

As regards the HSLA steels development, two methods are applied for obtaining both high tensile strength and good toughness properties which characterise this type of materials: either by micro-alloying with small amounts of vanadium, niobium and/or titanium or by controlling the rolling temperature and the thermo-mechanically processing (TMCP steels).
The use of HSLA steels in onshore and offshore structures, shipbuilding and railway industry requires an appropriate design of welding technologies that less deteriorates the strength, ductility and toughness in the heat affected zone (HAZ) and weld [4].
In order to ensure a constant welding speed, the trolley (4) is actuated by the electro-mechanical driveline (3) and slides on the beam (5) through a multi-bearing system.
Besides, the control panel (4) detects the wire/work-piece short-circuit and changes the wire feeding from automated mode in manual mode, minimizing the mechanical stresses on the wire feed head supports [8].
Conf. on Advances in Mechanical and Robotics Engineering, DOI: 10.15224/ 978-1-63248-031-6-152, Zurich-Switzerland, 25-26 Oct. 2014, pp. 64-68

The most important factor that affects the properties of an expansion joint is the width of girder-end gap.
“(Maximum apparent strain – residual apparent strain) / maximum apparent strain)” is defined as the ratio of recovery from deformation after unloading to use for assessing the deformation properties.
Table 2 reveals the following properties of the blocks: - The blocks are roughly divided into two groups according to their stress-strain relationships: G to I and J to L
Tabele 2 Results of the large deformation blocks loading test Deformation Properties of Blocks.
The first peak load of blocks J to L increased as the fiber content increased, but no marked differences were observed among post-peak load-displacement properties, showing dependence on the deformation properties of EPS.