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Both the two materials meet the requirements of gradient composite material whose outer area is in high intensity and center area is in flexile.
In-situ Al/Mg2Si functional graded materials (FGMs) prepared by electromagnetic separation.
Hypereutectic Al-5%Fe in situ surface layer composite produced by electromagnetic separation, Journal of Functional Materials, 2007.4,38(4),529-31,539
Effect of Al-Mg alloy on the composition of Al2O3-SiC-Al composite, Journal of Wuhan University of Science and Technology, 2008, 31(3): 277-279
Materials for Mechanical Engineering, 2001,25(1)：28-31.

Material value conservation as an effort to maintain the residual value of plastic materials.
Due to the increasing number of recycled plastic materials and the long plastic materials life cycle, the continuous use of recycled plastic materials can minimize the need for virgin plastic materials [24] and further reduce the problem of environmental from plastic waste.
Iacovidou, An overview of the challenges and trade-offs in closing the loop of post-consumer plastic waste (PCPW): Focus on recycling, Journal of Hazardous Materials, Vol. 344 (2018) 179-199
Kamaruddin, Optimization of Mechanical Properties of Recycled Plastic Products via Optimal Processing Parameters Using the Taguchi Method, Journal of Materials Processing Technology, Vol. 12 (2011) 211 [14] S.
Textbook of Polymer Science.

Introduction on a kind of environmental biological materials---dextrins Yan Zhao1,a, Yonggang Tu2,b 1 Engineering Research Center of Biomass Conversion, Ministry of Education, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330047, China; 2 College of Food Science and Engineering, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang 330045, China azhaoyan@ncu.edu.cn, btygzy1212@yahoo.com.cn Keywords: starch derivatives; pyrolysis dextrin; cyclodextrin; maltodextrin; β-limit dextrin Abstract: Dextrins are important starch derivatives, they are a kind of environmental biological materials and widely used in industry.
They can be used as a protectant of unstable materials, a cosolvent of insoluble matters, chemical reaction catalyst and a screening agent of objectionable odor.
International Journal of Mineral Processing 1974, 1 (1): 17-32
Journal of Agricultural Machinery, 2009, 40 (5): 87-91.
Journal of Agricultural Machinery, 2009, 40 (11): 97-102, 143.

Knésl1,c 1 Institute of Physics of Materials, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Žižkova 22, 616 62 Brno, Czech Republic a nahlik@ipm.cz , b hutar@ipm.cz, c knesl@ipm.cz Keywords: bi-material interface, loading ratio, plasticity-induced crack closure, critical stress.
The paper is devoted to fatigue crack propagation in layered materials.
The results could be used for the design of new materials with interfaces (composite materials, etc.) and for safer service life of structures made from the materials to which we have referred.
Journal of Fracture, 12 (1976), p. 52
Science 28 (2003), p. 620

Development of a New Powder/Solid Composite for Biomimic Implant Materials by Electron-Beam Additive Manufacturing Takayoshi Nakano1, Hidetsugu Fukuda2, Hiroyuki Takahashi3 1Division of Materials and Manufacturing Science, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, 2-1 Yamada-oka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan 2Electronic Mechanical Engineering Department, National Institute of Technology Yuge College,1000, Shimoyuge, Yuge, Kamijima, Ochi, Ehime 794-2593, Japan 3Teijin Nakashima Medical Co.
In conclusion, novel powder/solid materials comprising solid cubic parts and functionalized powder particles between them were successfully developed, which could be useful in biomedical and industrial applications.
Such materials should be able to suppress stress shielding to prevent resultant bone resorption and degradation of anisotropic bone quality [2, 3], which reduce the mechanical integrity of bone tissue.
In this article, new materials composed of solid and powder parts that exhibit bone-mimic one-dimensional (1D) anisotropic mechanical properties are proposed, similar to long bones, as materials for artificial joints and bone plates.
Materials and Methods The raw material used was gas-atomized Ti-6Al-4V ELI powder comprising spherical particles with a mean diameter of approximately 80 μm, as shown in Fig. 1.

Heat-Resistant Composite Materials Based on Secondary Material Resources V.D.
Al-Hawas, Effects of key factors on compressive and tensile strengths of concrete exposed to elevated temperatures, Arabian journal for science and engineering, 39(6) (2014) 4507-4513
Rusina, Heat-resistant concrete using technogenic raw materials, Building materials, 1 (2013) 12-14
Sciences, Volgograd, 26, 17
Rossignol, Use of silicon carbide sludge to form porous alkali-activated materials for insulating application, European physical journal-special topics, 224(9) (2015) 1725-1735

The structural analysis of the powder materials prepared in this work were carried out by XRD, SEM, ICP and other test methods.
Therefore, fluoride is one of the most excellent optical materials that we currently acknowledgement [5-8].
Chen, "Fabrication and Mechanical Properties of Nano-ceramic Materials," cFoshan Ceramics, Vol. 12, no. 1. 2002, pp. 1-4
Chen et al., "A new strategy for achieving white-light emission of lanthanide complexes: effective control of energy transfer from blue-emissive fluorophore to Eu(iii) centres," Journal of Materials Chemistry C, Vol. 3, no. 8. 2015, pp. 1799-806
Niihara, "Synthesis of nanoscaled yttrium aluminum garnet powder by the co-precipitation method," Materials Science and Engineering, Vol.

Journal of Materials Science and Engineering, 2009, 27(5): 696-700 [7] Du Juan, Wang Hongren, Du Min, Li Haitao.
Materials Chemistry and Physics, 2010, 119(1): 330-336 [15] Huili Hu, Ning Li, Jinning Cheng, Lijiao Chen.
Advanced Material Science and Technology, 2011(675-677): 1291-1294 [21] Liu Yi.
Journal of Materials Processing Technology, 2009, 209(8): 3830-3839 [23] Young-Seob Kim, Lae-Hyun Kim, Ji-Sang Park.
Materials Science and Engineering A, 2008, 480(1-2): 411-418 [26] Ding H.Z, Biermann H, Hartmann O.

Introduction Functional Gradient Materials (FGMs) are a new generation of engineered materials which first introduced by a group of Japanese scientists in 1984 [1, 2], as ultrahigh temperature resistant materials [3,4] for aircraft, apace vehicles and other engineering applications.
This advantage eliminates the interface problems of composite materials.
The former two methods are based on the uniform or laminated materials, accurate method often assume the elastic modulus of material along the beam thickness direction change with exponential law.
[2] Koizumi M: The concept of FGM(s), Ceramic Transactions and Functionally Gradient Materials Vol. 34 (1993), p. 3-1
[6] Yankai Gao: The Journal for Science and Technology University of Taiyuan Vol. 3 (2006), p.204-209, in Chinese

Among Composite materials, Natural fiber reinforced polymer finds rapid development in Industrial applications and many areas of research.
Introduction Composite materials do emerge as the promising source to quench the thirst of the current engineering world in various applications.
Composite materials are mostly preferred for their low density and high strength.
Some Structural aspects of Sisal fibers, Journal of Applied Polymer Science, New York, 20 (1976) 2921-2940 [12] Kulkarni, A.G, Satyanarayana.K, Sukumaran.K, Rohatgi.P.K., Mechanical behaviour of Coir fibers under tensile load, Journal of Material Science, London, (1981) 905-914 [13] Mattoso, L.H.C, Ferreira F.C, Curvelo A.S, Sisal fiber: Morphology and Applications in Polymer composites.Lignocellulosic-plastics composites, USP/UNESP, (1997) 21-51 [14] McLaughlin E.C, The Strength of Bagasse fiber Reinforced composites, Journal of Material Science, London, 15 (1980) 886-90 [15] Mukherjee K.G, Satyanarayana K.G, Structure and properties of some Vegetable fibers.
Part 1: Sisal fiber, Journal of Material Science, London, 19 (1984) 3925-3934 [16] Karthikeyan A, Balamurugan K, Effect of Alkali treatment and fiber length on Impact behaviour of coir fiber reinforced epoxy composites, Journal of Scientific & Industrial research, 71 (2012) 627-631 [17] Chandramohan D, Marimuthu K, Tensile and Hardness tests on Natural fiber reinforced polymer composite material, International Journal of advanced Engineering science and technologies, 6 (2011) 97-104 [18] Sumaila M, Amber I, Bawa M, Effect of Fiber length on the physical & Mechanical properties of random oriented non woven short Banana (Musa Balbisiana) fiber/ epoxy composite, Asian journal of National & applied Science, 2 (2013) ISSN: 2186-8476 [19] N.Venkateshwaran, A.Elaya Perumal, A Alavudeen, M Thiruchidambalam, Mechanical & Water Absorption Behaviour of Banana/Sisal reinforced hybrid composites, Materials & Design; 32 (2011) 4017-4021.