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During tempering a number of metallurgical effects take place.
The presence of residual impurity elements in prior austenite grain boundaries, having segregated there during austenitization, may accentuate this process by providing an alternative weak path for fracture.

The term ‘adhesive’ is a very wide one and therefore a great number of standards exist which concern adhesives in general.
Material properties of Spruce – Strength class C22 Material properties Mean values Shear strength 3.8 [N·mm-2] Tensile strength perpendicular to grain 5.0 [N·mm-2] Adhesive selection.

Joun, FE prediction of temperature variation of material and dies with number of strokes in aluminum yoke cold forging, Proc.
Joun, Optimal process design in hot forging in terms of grain flow quality, Int.

When the composites were added MAPE, the compatibility between the two phases is improved and the anhydride groups react with the surface hydroxyl groups of the lignin, so the number of the free hydroxyl groups reduced, which in turn decreases the water absorption.
The results of the present work clearly shows that lignin residue from bio-ethanol industry which uses non-grain biomass as raw material can be used as the filler of HDPE matrix for making lignin/HDPE composites.

The AACH grain precipitated on the surface of the carbon black particles, whose mechanism is heterogeneous nucleation.
The accurate values of average particle sizes of intensity, volume, and number are 519.6 nm, 516.1 nm and 415.0 nm, respectively, which means that the AlON powders had a small size and higher reactivity.

Supposed η (i, j) is a series of random numbers, and the simulated rough profiles heights are produced as (2) where i = 0, 1,…, M−1; j = 0, 1,…, N−1. z (i, j) is a non-Guauss profile with certain autocorrelation lengths; h (i, j) is the two-dimention linear filter.
The procedure relies on only a few samples of abrasive belt topography with no assumption regarding abrasive grain distribution.

The impact strength of grit is usually determined from the percentage of unbroken grits relative to the number tested.
The diamond grit tested is synthetic diamond in grain size 46 US mesh.

From the fig. 1 we can observe the brittle character of the fractured specimen.The intergranular fracture was been produced between two grains of martensite.
This is due to the fact that for a given length of evaluation, the number of points of measurement increases with the magnifying power.

The different types of bending observed in this study is difficult to understand and explain without further measurements on a larger number of wafers which is on-going.
A high density of threading edge dislocation will stop the movement of basal plane dislocation caused by the temperature induced stress and instead accumulate edge dislocations at grain boundaries.

The XRD pattern was compared to that of the JCPDS file number 20-0532 and with diffractograms obtained from single crystal data.
After 65h, two main peaks are visible which correspond both to a remaining β-FeSi2 phase and to an α-FeSi2 phase with a very small grain size.