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Online since: February 2014
Authors: Bambang Soegiono, Azwar Manaf, Viktor Vekky Ronald Repi
All identified peaks correspond to the phases of barium hexaferrite ferrite based on data base of COD (Crystallography Open Database) with the entry data number 96-100-8322 which has hexagonal crystal structure with space group Pb63/mmc (194) and lattice constants a = 5.9290Å. c = 23.4130Å.
From the refinement data, that derived samples are of better quality and refinements of samples are effective.
The result interpreted to be due to the reduction in crystal anisotropy field by changing of easy axis of magnetization from c-axis to basal plane [6, 7].
From the refinement data, that derived samples are of better quality and refinements of samples are effective.
The result interpreted to be due to the reduction in crystal anisotropy field by changing of easy axis of magnetization from c-axis to basal plane [6, 7].
Online since: February 2014
Authors: Oscar F.S. Avilés, William Aperador, Arnoldo Emilio Delgado
The particle size reduction was performed first by grinding the material in a disc type mill, and then by sieving it until to obtain the required size.
The data collection is interrupted when the scale indicates a constant amount of mass.
Table 2.Proximate and elemental analysis of Maraco shell Table3.Data from solid fuels [7] The moisture of Maraco fruit shell is the lowest value compared to other fuels (see Table 3).
From the data obtained, the Maraco has potential in the manufacture of activated carbon due to its high carbon content, but should be subject to future research.
The data collection is interrupted when the scale indicates a constant amount of mass.
Table 2.Proximate and elemental analysis of Maraco shell Table3.Data from solid fuels [7] The moisture of Maraco fruit shell is the lowest value compared to other fuels (see Table 3).
From the data obtained, the Maraco has potential in the manufacture of activated carbon due to its high carbon content, but should be subject to future research.
Online since: July 2018
Authors: Roman I. Izyumov, Anton Yu. Beliaev, I.A. Morozov
The materials were modeled with hyperelastic Neo-Hookean potential; it was chosen in such a way that the initial Young's modulus of the material corresponds to the experimental data.
Reduction of the layer modulus (El = 0.5 GPa) increased the number of "harmonics" in the region of small wavelengths.
The case with El = 1 GPa and w = 20 nm (Fig. 6a) fits the experimental data as well.
The experimental data correspond to PU20nm for (a) and PU40nm for (b).
Reduction of the layer modulus (El = 0.5 GPa) increased the number of "harmonics" in the region of small wavelengths.
The case with El = 1 GPa and w = 20 nm (Fig. 6a) fits the experimental data as well.
The experimental data correspond to PU20nm for (a) and PU40nm for (b).
Online since: July 2014
Authors: J. Milton Peter, T.V. Moorthy, J. Udaya Prakash
This causes a sudden reduction in the temperature allowing the circulating dielectric fluid to implore the plasma channel and flush the molten particles from the pole surfaces in the form of microscopic debris.
ANOVA is the statistical method used to interpret experimental data to make the necessary decisions.
Grey relational co-efficient are calculated to represent the correlation between ideal and the actual normalized data.
In the study, a linear data pre-processing method for MRR is the higher-the-better and is expressed as: xi(k) = (2) Surface roughness (Ra) which is lower-the-better can be expressed as, xi(k) = (3) Where xi (k) is the value after the Grey relational generation, min yi (k) is the smallest value of yi (k) for the kth response, and max yi (k) is the largest value of yi(k) for the kth response.
ANOVA is the statistical method used to interpret experimental data to make the necessary decisions.
Grey relational co-efficient are calculated to represent the correlation between ideal and the actual normalized data.
In the study, a linear data pre-processing method for MRR is the higher-the-better and is expressed as: xi(k) = (2) Surface roughness (Ra) which is lower-the-better can be expressed as, xi(k) = (3) Where xi (k) is the value after the Grey relational generation, min yi (k) is the smallest value of yi (k) for the kth response, and max yi (k) is the largest value of yi(k) for the kth response.
Online since: August 2013
Authors: Li Fan, Song Pan, Chao Chen, Jia Le Su, Xin Ru Wang
In most cases the research on mechanism of piston effect adopts such methods as the analytical calculation and the model experiment, the field measurement and the numerical simulation: J.Y.Kim, K.Y.Kim built a tunnel model, by the proportion of 1:20 to study the 3D unsteady fluid pressure caused by piston wind and the variation law of wind speed changing with different time when the metro runs at constant, deceleration and accelerate speed into the subway [1];Based on the data measured at Shanxi Stadium Station of line 2 in Xi 'an, Le Wang established 3D full scale platform and connected tunnel model under the security door system to analyze the temperature field and the velocity field division during the operation of constant, and decelerate speed [2].
Evaluations of piston effect vary from domestically to internationally: A.M.Krasyuk confirmed that the subway piston wind could be used as part of the air conditioning and ventilation air volume through experimental data and calculation[8].
Many scholars have deeply study the influence of the piston effect on the velocity and temperature field of the subway station: Kuichao Yin analyzed the influence of the piston effect on the velocity and temperature field and long-term variation law of temperature in different seasons and at different times according a large number of experimental data and CFD simulation at Tianjin subway station, he also analyzed the applicability of shielding door with vent[11]; Tao Li took the Dongdan subway station of Beijing Subway Line 1 as example to study the influence of the piston effect on the velocity and temperature in the subway station, and proposd measures to control piston wind effectively and improve the subway environment[12]; Li Jia and his partners simulated the transient process when train entered and left the station using Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) software, and analyzed the piston effect on air flow and discussed the role of piston effect on natural ventilation at the station
Shuyun Dong put forward a new technology, that was a new type of shielding door with vent, which was contribute to the improvements of gate of platform system and reduction of air conditioning energy consumption.
Evaluations of piston effect vary from domestically to internationally: A.M.Krasyuk confirmed that the subway piston wind could be used as part of the air conditioning and ventilation air volume through experimental data and calculation[8].
Many scholars have deeply study the influence of the piston effect on the velocity and temperature field of the subway station: Kuichao Yin analyzed the influence of the piston effect on the velocity and temperature field and long-term variation law of temperature in different seasons and at different times according a large number of experimental data and CFD simulation at Tianjin subway station, he also analyzed the applicability of shielding door with vent[11]; Tao Li took the Dongdan subway station of Beijing Subway Line 1 as example to study the influence of the piston effect on the velocity and temperature in the subway station, and proposd measures to control piston wind effectively and improve the subway environment[12]; Li Jia and his partners simulated the transient process when train entered and left the station using Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) software, and analyzed the piston effect on air flow and discussed the role of piston effect on natural ventilation at the station
Shuyun Dong put forward a new technology, that was a new type of shielding door with vent, which was contribute to the improvements of gate of platform system and reduction of air conditioning energy consumption.
Online since: January 2013
Authors: Meng Xing Cao, Ya Jun Wang, Chang Ying Guo, Jian Jun Wang
Mostly reductions in volume for Portland cement was 7%~9%.There was a lot of unhydrated cement particles in HPC, if mixed with a high activity of mineral admixture as silica fume or superfine slag, chemistry shrinkage along with it’s quantity increase would enhance within a certain range.
Mix ratio design: The test was intended to prepare C60 high-performance concrete, according to statistics the concrete strength standard deviation σ = 6Mpa,test batching intensity: (1) In the formula:─concrete trial intensity; ─concrete design strength; σ─strength standard deviation Moved into the data formula.52.5normal Portland cement, calculated the water-cement ratio: (2) In the formula: A,B-regress coefficients, for crushed stone A=0.48, B=0.52; for pebble A=0.50,B=0.61.
W/CB raw material /m3 admixture water cement fly ash silica fume sand stone reducing agent expansive agent 1 0.30 180 450 105(23.3%) 45(10%) 592(0.36) 1052 FDN(2%) 2 0.30 180 430 127(29.5%) 43(10%) 625(0.38) 1019 NF(2%) 80(12%) 3 0.31 185 446 114(25.6%) 40(9%) 590(0.36) 1050 FDN(2%) 4 0.31 185 440 116(26.4%) 44(10%) 623(0.38) 1017 NF(2%) 75(11%) 5 0.31 185 480 72(15%) 48(10%) 610(0.37) 1030 SN(2%) 6 0.32 190 430 127(29.5%) 43(10%) 588(0.36) 1044 FDN(2%) 60(9%) 7 0.32 190 450 105(23.3%) 45(10%) 604(0.37) 1028 NF(2%) 50(8%) 8 0.32 190 440 135(30.7%) 25(5.7%) 620(0.38) 1012 SN(2%) Data analysis and processing: As it can be seen from the test data shown in Table 2, the 6th ratio got outstanding slump and 3d, 7d strength, tempered 28d strength.
Mix ratio design: The test was intended to prepare C60 high-performance concrete, according to statistics the concrete strength standard deviation σ = 6Mpa,test batching intensity: (1) In the formula:─concrete trial intensity; ─concrete design strength; σ─strength standard deviation Moved into the data formula.52.5normal Portland cement, calculated the water-cement ratio: (2) In the formula: A,B-regress coefficients, for crushed stone A=0.48, B=0.52; for pebble A=0.50,B=0.61.
W/CB raw material /m3 admixture water cement fly ash silica fume sand stone reducing agent expansive agent 1 0.30 180 450 105(23.3%) 45(10%) 592(0.36) 1052 FDN(2%) 2 0.30 180 430 127(29.5%) 43(10%) 625(0.38) 1019 NF(2%) 80(12%) 3 0.31 185 446 114(25.6%) 40(9%) 590(0.36) 1050 FDN(2%) 4 0.31 185 440 116(26.4%) 44(10%) 623(0.38) 1017 NF(2%) 75(11%) 5 0.31 185 480 72(15%) 48(10%) 610(0.37) 1030 SN(2%) 6 0.32 190 430 127(29.5%) 43(10%) 588(0.36) 1044 FDN(2%) 60(9%) 7 0.32 190 450 105(23.3%) 45(10%) 604(0.37) 1028 NF(2%) 50(8%) 8 0.32 190 440 135(30.7%) 25(5.7%) 620(0.38) 1012 SN(2%) Data analysis and processing: As it can be seen from the test data shown in Table 2, the 6th ratio got outstanding slump and 3d, 7d strength, tempered 28d strength.
Online since: February 2013
Authors: Kun Luo, San Xia Zhang, Zhi Ying Gao, Jian Wen Wang, Sheng Hua Zhu, Li Ru Zhang, Jian Ren Fan
The interfaces are set to transfer data between the rotational and stationary part.
As expected, the velocity deficit (reduction with respect to the incoming flow) is largest near the turbine and becomes smaller as the wake expands and entrains surrounding air.
We collect the sound pressure level value at the points that was tested in the experiment and then compare the data respectively.
Fig. 11: Schematic diagram of noise generation region Fig.12: Comparison of SPL when y=0(cm) Fig. 13: Comparison of SPL when y=20(cm) Fig.14: Comparison of SPL when y=-20(cm) Fig.11 shows the Schematic diagram and Figs.12-14 present the comparisons of SPL between the present LES results and experimental data at different locations.
As expected, the velocity deficit (reduction with respect to the incoming flow) is largest near the turbine and becomes smaller as the wake expands and entrains surrounding air.
We collect the sound pressure level value at the points that was tested in the experiment and then compare the data respectively.
Fig. 11: Schematic diagram of noise generation region Fig.12: Comparison of SPL when y=0(cm) Fig. 13: Comparison of SPL when y=20(cm) Fig.14: Comparison of SPL when y=-20(cm) Fig.11 shows the Schematic diagram and Figs.12-14 present the comparisons of SPL between the present LES results and experimental data at different locations.
Online since: July 2022
Authors: Kateryna Tsytlishvili
The obtained data of experimental researches allowed to develop technology of removal of phosphorus compounds simultaneously with biological sewage treatment.
When using immobilized microflora, the reduction of phosphate concentration is somewhat higher than in the unit with free-floating microflora.
Of course, the anaerobic conditions created in the middle of the carrier to some extent improve the absorption of phosphates by microorganisms, but the ratio of aerobic zone and anaerobic zone in immobilized microflora is such that the aerobic zone is much larger than the anaerobic zone, where according to reference data the transition of phosphates back into aqueous solution takes place.
Experimental data show that the level of phosphate removal under anaerobic conditions depends primarily on the concentration of activated sludge in contact with the phosphate solution (with wastewater).
At a concentration of activated sludge of 3.5 g/dm³, the reduction of phosphates is vigorous, and after 8 hours of contact, the phosphate content is 0.18 mg/dm³.
When using immobilized microflora, the reduction of phosphate concentration is somewhat higher than in the unit with free-floating microflora.
Of course, the anaerobic conditions created in the middle of the carrier to some extent improve the absorption of phosphates by microorganisms, but the ratio of aerobic zone and anaerobic zone in immobilized microflora is such that the aerobic zone is much larger than the anaerobic zone, where according to reference data the transition of phosphates back into aqueous solution takes place.
Experimental data show that the level of phosphate removal under anaerobic conditions depends primarily on the concentration of activated sludge in contact with the phosphate solution (with wastewater).
At a concentration of activated sludge of 3.5 g/dm³, the reduction of phosphates is vigorous, and after 8 hours of contact, the phosphate content is 0.18 mg/dm³.
Online since: May 2012
Authors: Qiong Yu, Xing Zhuang Zhao, Jian Li Xu
The calculated joint force value and tested data were listed in table 1.
It proves that the calculated shear force fluctuates near the tested data.
Table 1 shows that the calculated joint bending capacity is larger than the tested data.
Table 1 Comparsion of the calculated forces and the tested data Items Literature 1 Literature 2 Literature 3 Literature 4 Maximum value of calculated shearing force (kN) 512 488 488 488 351 351 351 351 Test shear value (kN) 400 493 544 60 210 250 250 420 Bending moment on the Flange caused by binding stress (kN·m) 12 10 10 10 0 0 0 0 Calculated value of caused by horizontal force (kN·m) 83 63 63 17 51 53 51 66 Calculated value of caused by vertical force (kN·m) 60 45 45 45 21 21 21 21 Maximum calculated bending moment (kN·m) 143 108 108 62 72 81 72 87 Bending moment value of joints tested (kN·m) -- 110 -- 54 54 78 65 109 Design suggestions.
To put it in another way, it is to determine the width of the flange with the inequality , in which stands for the reduction factor of the joint’s vertical bearing capacity and its value can be 0.9.
It proves that the calculated shear force fluctuates near the tested data.
Table 1 shows that the calculated joint bending capacity is larger than the tested data.
Table 1 Comparsion of the calculated forces and the tested data Items Literature 1 Literature 2 Literature 3 Literature 4 Maximum value of calculated shearing force (kN) 512 488 488 488 351 351 351 351 Test shear value (kN) 400 493 544 60 210 250 250 420 Bending moment on the Flange caused by binding stress (kN·m) 12 10 10 10 0 0 0 0 Calculated value of caused by horizontal force (kN·m) 83 63 63 17 51 53 51 66 Calculated value of caused by vertical force (kN·m) 60 45 45 45 21 21 21 21 Maximum calculated bending moment (kN·m) 143 108 108 62 72 81 72 87 Bending moment value of joints tested (kN·m) -- 110 -- 54 54 78 65 109 Design suggestions.
To put it in another way, it is to determine the width of the flange with the inequality , in which stands for the reduction factor of the joint’s vertical bearing capacity and its value can be 0.9.
Online since: December 2024
Authors: Nguyen Duc Long, Doan Van Diep, Nguyen Thanh Liem
The instrument provided real-time data on the torque generated during vulcanization, enabling the determination of critical parameters such as scorch time, optimum cure time, and maximum torque.
The instrument provided real-time data on the torque generated during vulcanization, enabling the determination of critical parameters such as scorch time, optimum cure time, and maximum torque.
This reduction in tensile strength is likely due to the poor compatibility of the EG with the rubber matrix.
a) b) c) Fig. 1 SEM images of the sample containing containing EG50 (a), EG100 (b) and EG200 (c) The data presented in table 2 and Fig. 2 underscore the importance of EG in rubber formulations.
The data indicate that samples containing EG and APP had lower T-5wt%, T-20wt%, and Tmax values compared to samples without these additives.
The instrument provided real-time data on the torque generated during vulcanization, enabling the determination of critical parameters such as scorch time, optimum cure time, and maximum torque.
This reduction in tensile strength is likely due to the poor compatibility of the EG with the rubber matrix.
a) b) c) Fig. 1 SEM images of the sample containing containing EG50 (a), EG100 (b) and EG200 (c) The data presented in table 2 and Fig. 2 underscore the importance of EG in rubber formulations.
The data indicate that samples containing EG and APP had lower T-5wt%, T-20wt%, and Tmax values compared to samples without these additives.