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Introduction The finite element method (FEM), as one reasonably excellent stress analysis tool, is often used in the stability assessment of engineering projects; however, it is traditionally believed that FEM can not provide any opportunity to find where the projects are mostly likely to fracture and how the cracks propagate.
It indicates that large-scale engineering problems where the size of the domain is measured in meters, the smallest element is still required to be smaller than 5mm. 13.2 13.4 13.6 13.8 14 14.2 0 0.005 0.01 0.015 0.02 Element size (normalised) Shear strength (MPa) Fig. 5 The relationship between shear strength and element size Summery Through this numerical study, it can be concluded that the crack propagation is mostly influenced by the stress field in the vicinity of the notch tip, which is governed by the element size employed.
In contrast, large scale engineering problems where the size of domain is measured in metres rather than in millimetres still require the smallest element to be of size smaller than the width of micro crack.
Fu: Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering Vol. 23 (2004), p. 451 [5] A.
Fairhurst: The Proceeding of the Civil Eng.

Today aluminum alloy profiles have been widely used in many fields, such as structures used in aviation, aerospace, traffic transportation and civil architecture, etc., because of its ability to achieve energy and material savings, quality improvement and development of homogeneous properties throughout the component [1].
References [1] D.Karayel: Key Engineering Materials Vol. 367 (2008), p. 185-192
Wu et al.: Materials Science and Engineering A Vol. 435-436 (2006), p. 266-274
Skauvik: Key Engineering Materials Vol. 424 (2010), p. 257-264
[11] HyperXtrude 10.0 manual, Altair Engineering, Inc.

Influence of silane coupling agent on interfacial strength of SMA composite Yulong Wang1,2,a, Zhenqing Wang1,b, Limin Zhou2,c and Haitao Huang3,d 1 Department of Aerospace and Civil Engineering, Harbin Engineering University, Harbin, China 2 Department of Mechanical Engineering, The Hong Kong polytechnic University, Hong Kong SAR, China 3 Department of Applied Physics, The Hong Kong polytechnic University, Hong Kong SAR, China a wangyl@hrbeu.edu.cn, bwangzhenqing@hrbeu.edu.cn, cmmlmzhou@polyu.edu.hk, d Haitao.Huang@polyu.edu.hk Keywords: shape memory alloy composite; fiber pull-out; interface; silane coupling agent; stress induced martensite.
However, the application of SMA in engineering is often limited by the weak bonding of interface between SMA reinforcement and its surrounding matrix.

Ultrasonic Propagation Characteristics and Damage Evolution of Recycled Concrete under Dynamic Loading Xingwen Luoa, Hailin Yaob State Key Laboratory of Geomechanics and Geotechnical Engineering, Institute of Rock and Soil Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, Hubei 430071, China axwluo@whrsm.ac.cn, bhlyao@whrsm.ac.cn Keywords: Recycled Concrete; Ultrasonic Propagation; Damage Evolution; Dynamic Loading.
Recycled concrete has been tried to use in highway and construction engineering currently, but its damage evolution and damage mechanism have not been researched before.
(in Chinese) [6] Fan Hualin and Jin Fengnian: Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering. 19(4) (2000), pp.432-435.
[10] Otsuki Nobuaki, Miyazato Shin-Ichi and Yodsudjai Wanchai: Journal of Materials in Civil Engineering.15 (5)(2003), pp.443-451

Undrained Behavior of Unsaturated Bentonite-sand Mixture Sun Wenjing, Sun De’an and Zhang Jinyi Dept. of Civil Engineering, Shanghai University, Yanchang Rd. 149, Shanghai, China, 200072 wjsun@shu.edu.cn Keywords: bentonite-sand mixture, unsaturated soil, undrained isotropic compression test, undrained triaxial shear test, hydro-mechanical behaviour Abstract.
Chinese Journal of Geotechnical Engineering, Vol. 30, No. 7 (2008), p. 1005-1010 (in Chinese)
Engineering Geology, Vol.108, (2009), p.169-176
Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering, Vol.29, No.12 (2010), p.2533-2542 (in Chinese).

Stenger2,c and Chul-Woo Chung3,d 1Department of Civil Engineering, Nazarbayev University, 53, Kabanbay Batyr Ave., Astana, Kazakhstan 2MD, 24 Donore Square, San Antonio, Texas 78229, USA 3Department of Architectural Engineering, Pukyong National University, 45, Yongso-ro, Nam-Gu.
Therefore, the heat loss per degree day for a whole year has been calculated in order to evaluate the energy efficiency of LWAC according to American Society of Heating, Refrigerating, and Air-Conditioning Engineers (ASHRAE) methodology [4].
Owen, ASHRAE Handbook-Fundamentals, (American Society of Heating, Refrigerating, and Air-Conditioning Engineers, USA 2013).

A novel two-stage ethylene Rankine power cycle with cold energy recovery of LNG Hongmei Zhu1,a, Qiong Li1,b and Heng Sun2,c 1Department of Civil Engineering, North China Institute of Science and Technology, Beijing, 101601, China 2 Beijing Key Laboratory of Urban Oil and Gas Distribution Technology, China University of Petroleum, Beijing 102249, China a shqzhu@163.com, b hdliqiong@163.com, c bddukesh@163.com Keywords: LNG, Cold Recovery, CCHP, Cascade cycle Abstract.
However, most of the studies have not been applied in actual engineering.
Ali Jazayeri, et al.: Journal of Natural Gas Science and Engineering, Vol. 2(5) (2010): p217 [6] M.
Zhang: Chemical Engineering, Vol. 16(1) (2008): p95, in Chinese [8] X.Y.

Viñad aLaboratoire de Modélisation Numérique et Expérimentale des Phénomènes Mécaniques Department of Mechanical Engineering, University Abdelhamid Ibn Badis of Mostaganem-Algeria.
bSEA2M, Department of Process Engineering, University Abdelhamid Ibn Badis of Mostaganem, Algeria.
cUniversity center of Bechar de Bechar, Civil Engineering, 08000 Bechar, Algeria.
dDepartment of Materials Sciences and Metallurgical Engineering, University of Oviedo, Spain.

Research on Expanding Properties of Limestone under High Temperature Yun-jun LUO 1,a, Ben-dong QIN 2,b, Yang Liu 3,c 1 Infrastructure Construction Department, Henan Polytechnic University, Jiaozuo, Henan 454003, China; 2 College of Civil Engineering, Henan Polytechnic University, Jiaozuo, Henan 454003, China 3 Shaanxi College of Communication Technology, Shaanxi, Xi’an 71001, China aqinbendong@hpu.edu.cn, bluolu2199@hpu.edu.cn, c13519160296@126.com Key words: limestone; high temperature; bidirectional restraints; expanding stress Abstract: The expanding properties of limestone from 200℃ to 700℃ were investigated under high temperature and bidirectional restraints with the device used to heating rock designed by ourselves.
The mechanical properties of rock becomes poor after high temperature, which leads to the safety of rock structure reducing, so studying the heat expanding property is of great significance to the engineering structures experiencing high temperature.
Considering the fact that the wall rock in the underground gasification furnace of coal, the underground chamber have one or two free surfaces, and in the oxidation zone of underground gasification of coal, when coal seam spontaneous combusting and in fire scene the temperature was as high as 1200℃, the heat expanding stress of limestone was mainly researched in the range of constant temperature and 700 ℃ under the condition of bi-directional restraints, accordingly learned the relation of heating stress of limestone and destruction mechanism, and grasped the thermodynamics properties of the rock under high temperature, and provided rock mechanics foundation under high temperature for coal underground gasification and other underground engineering.
Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering, Vol.19 (5)( 2000) , p. 643-646, in Chinese [2] Wei Hong,XIE et al.

Mix design of Compaction-free Porous Concrete permeable base Yanping Sheng1,2, a, Haibin Li3,b, Bowen Guan1,2,c 1School of Materials Science and Engineering,Chang’an University, Xi’an 710064, China; 2 Engineering Research Center of Transportation Materials,Ministry of Education, Xi’an 710064, China; 3Department of Architecture and Civil Engineering ,Xi’an University of Science and Technology, Xi’an, 710054, China asyp@chd.edu.cn bhaibinlee@126.com cguanbowen2001@163.com Keywords: Compaction-free；Porous concrete ；Permeable base；Mix design Abstract: Moisture damage is one of the main forms of early failure in the asphalt pavement.
Journal of Traffic and Transportation Engineering.Vol.9(1)(2009),p.44-49 [7] Caijun Shi.