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Bio-fuels and commonly used fossil fuels are quite different in energy density, ratio of production energy consumption and carbon content, carbon emissions, carbon emissions reduction (refer with: Table 1) [2].
and common used fossil fuel fuel source energy density Energy cnsump- tion Carbon content ratio Carbon emissions Decrement of carbon emissions Fossil fuel low sulfur diesel crude oil 48.6 0.26 0.86 0.065 0.000 diesel oil Crude oil 48.6 0.20 0.86 0.065 0.000 unleaded gasoline Crude oil 51.6 0.19 0.86 0.061 0.000 bunker oil Crude oil 54.2 0.19 0.86 0.058 0.000 anthracite coal 31.0 0.10 0.92 0.109 0.000 methyl alcohol natural gas 22.4 0.20 0.51 0.083 0.000 Ethyl alcohol Crude oil 35.0 0.20 0.52 0.050 0.000 Bio- fuel rapeseed oil rape 43.0 0.29 0.55 0.047 0.061 Bio-diesel oil rape 43.7 0.44 0.61 0.051 0.074 Recycled colleseed oil 0.19 0.61 0,051 0.061 Bio-ethyl alcohol wheat 35 0.46 0.52 0.054 0.080 corn 0.29 0.046 0.070 straw 0.57 0.058 0.086 From table 1, we can find that bio-fuel is less inferior than fossil fuels in terms of energy density, almost equivalent in aspect of production energy consumption, but bio-fuel comfortably beats fossil fuels in terms of carbon emission reduction
Through the data analysis releasing by United States department of agriculture in 2002-2004 on corn and soybean planting in the process of fertilization, cultivation and pesticides, Hill concluded that: under current condition, the greenhouse gas emission of bio-diesel with soybean can be reduced by 41% comparing to common diesel in the process of production and use, and that of 12% to bio- ethanol made of corn.

But, the apparent viscosity of melt has smaller lowering amplitude, which shows the vibration amplitude has decreasing influence on the materials in terms of viscosity reduction.
By comparison of apparent viscosity-shear rate curves of HDPE/UHMWPE blends prepared by different processing methods under static and dynamic states, the vibration field has most noticeable influence on the HDPE/UHMWPE/MMWPE blends prepared by direct blending in terms of viscosity reduction.
DSC data show that the crystallization degree of the blends prepared under vibration field increases over that under stable state and the melting crystallizing peak is more pointed, which shows the orientation degree of UHMWPE molecular chain is increased and the perfect crystallization of blends is enlarged.

These contaminants can change the microstructural makeup of the component, favouring the stability of α-Ti and causing increases in strength and reductions in ductility.
In addition, limits on atmosphere (vacuum or argon; helium is comparatively expensive) purity may be partly relaxed depending on the magnitude of any reduction in the sintering cycle that may be realised.
Kendall, in: Research and development in titanium: implications for a titanium metal industry in Australia, Research Report (2008), Information on http://www.abare.gov.au (08.2) [10] Information on http://www.titaniuminfogroup.com Data sheet 16 [visited 2 December 2009] [11] R.M.

Table 1 shows the ZrO2 content and resulting ceramic density from a series of 6 sequentially deposited tubes, the data indicates that there is no preferential deposition of one material over the other during the EPD sequence.
In NiO/ZrO2 cermet layers the NiO, following reduction to Ni on firing, provides the conductive element within the SOFC anode and the ZrO2 provides mechanical stability, compatible thermal expansion and helps to maintain the required porosity.
Various compositions for cermet layers have been deposited as shown in Table 2 and following firing and reduction it can be seen that the level of Ni in each case matches the starting level of NiO, thus indicating that there is no preferential deposition between the 2 components.

According to statistics, fuel consumption of automobile decreases by 6% to 8% while its weight has a reduction of 10% [1].
However, it is also observed that 2015 joint strength in 80℃ set achieves higher level than the RT set, and the general reduction range of -30℃ set for each adhesive is much larger than the 80℃ one.
Analysis of the experimental data leads to the following conclusions: 1) Through the shear strength tests of the SLJs with dissimilar adhesives, the experimental results are analyzed, and it is figured out that adhesively bonded joint strength is significantly influenced by long-term extreme temperature exposure.

It can be seen that the short treatment strategy results in drastic reduction of the microstructural scale regarding both the grain size and the precipitation scale.
The reported data is the set of stress–strain curves obtained by strain incremental cyclic tensile tests.
This progressive reduction of the recoverable strain, from higher than 3% to around 2% (Fig. 4.c), may be caused from the fact that the stress-induced α’’ martensite is progressively trapped by dislocations during the loading/unloading cycles.

When x=0.6 there is no reported data for decomposition of Mg0.6Al0.8Ti1.6O5 during heat treatment at about 1100 ˚C.
One of the most important reasons for using microwave energy is significant reductions in manufacturing costs due to energy savings and shorter processing times [10, 11].
The TG curves of dried gel that is presented in Fig. 1 shows an undulatory slope shape from beginning to 570 ˚C as a result of stepwise weight reduction of the precursor during dehydration, oxidization and decomposition [12, 14].

a reduction of the molecular weight or molecular weight distribution, will be discussed in detail.
The attempt to produce and stabilize homogeneous alloys at a molecular level by CMM demands, in the case of multi-component polymer systems, a dramatic reduction of chain mobility to prevent phase separation and the generation of free radicals by chain scission [9].
Thermal data and degree of crystallinity determined by DSC tm [min] Tm [°C] ∆Hcc [J/g] [J/g ∆Hm [J/g] [J/g] [°C] χc [%] Sample a 0 272.78 - 24.5 46 Sample b 3 268.35 2.9 26.0 43 Sample c 12 269.53 10.4 31.1 39 Sample d 30 268.47 13.1 29.6 30 The observed increase in cold crystallization enthalpy ∆Hcc for longer milling times is in good agreement with the WAXS results and is directly related to a lower degree of crystallinity milling.

The samples were then hot rolled at 850°C in ten passes to a height reduction of 86% and then warm rolled at 650°C in 25 steps to another 75% reduction.
A quantitative assessment of the final texture of the binary alloy A was not carried out due to a lack of statistical confidence in the EBSD data.

In the present computer model the thermophysical parameters corresponded to published data [2].
The carried out parametrical calculations have shown, that application of this shield assembly results to a reduction of a radial inhomogeneity of an axial temperature gradient near to LSI, but its values may be increased up to 45 о С/cm.
Also it increases an ingot cooling rate at 1150-1050 о С promoting a size reduction of the primary grown-in microdefects.