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Allwood identified reforming/reshaping as one of the four main strategies to reuse materials.
Allwood, Reusing Steel and Aluminum Components at End of Product Life, Environmental Science and Technology 46 (2012) 10334-10340
Tekkaya, Innovation by forming technology: motivation for research, International Journal of Material Forming 2 (2009) 29-38
Jeswiet, Single point incremental forming: state-of-the-art and prospects, International Journal of Material Forming, 11 (2018) 743–773
Micari, Analysis of stamping performances of dual phase steels: a multi-objective approach to reduce springback and thinning failure, Materials & Design, 30(10) (2009) 4421-4433.

Materials and Methods Zinc sulfide quantum dots were synthesized by precipitation from a colloidal solution according to the following reaction Zn(CH3COO)2 + Na2S → ZnS↓ + 2CH3COONa, (1) Due to the high surface energy, the ZnS nanoclusters in solution tend to aggregate into large particles.
Despite that argon is an inert gas and does not react with chemical compounds, it is noted that the presence of argon or, for example, N2 may affect the luminescent characteristics of nanoscale materials [11-13].
Kulkarni, Luminescence quenching in ZnS nanoparticles due to Fe and Ni doping, Journal of Materials Science. 34 (1999) 6087-6093
Alexander, X-ray diffraction procedures: for polycrystalline and amorphous materials in H.P.
Klug, X-Ray Diffraction Procedures: For Polycrystalline and Amorphous Materials, second ed., Wiley-VCH, 1974, p. 992

The fatigue limit and S-N curve is the important parameter which stand for fatigue performance of the metal material, so it was discussed all along that how to estimate the fatigue limit and make S-N curve quickly and accurately, P-S-N curve is the foundation of analysis and design on structure fatigue reliability.
Acknowledgements This work was supported by the Natural Science Foundation of jiangsu province (BK2011261).
Journal of engineering design(In Chinesee),2009;16(6): 247-251
Journal of china railway science(In Chinesee), 2005 , 26 (6) : 6-12 [3] Chen lei.
Journal of southwest jiaotong university, 2006,41(6)：705-708 [4] V.Infantea，C.M.Braneoa.

If the stress exceeded the yield limit of the material of part, the milling area of the needle body would be create plastic yield.
Jixie Gongcheng Xuebao/Chinese Journal of Mechanical Engineering, v 40(2004), p.107-112 [3-40] Q.
Jixie Gongcheng Xuebao/Chinese Journal of Mechanical Engineering, v 43(2007), p. 211-216 [5-42] K.
Funtai Oyobi Fummatsu Yakin/Journal of the Japan Society of Powder and Powder Metallurgy, v 54(2007), p. 506-512 [6-44] M.
Materials Science Forum, v 505-507(2006), p. 877-882 [7-45] M.

In the sustainability assessment (SA), the DCC showed in the equations is the sum of costs of consumed natural resources, consumed materials, consumed energy and equipment depreciation, maintenance, salaries and taxes related to the protective packaging production in terms of the protective packaging design.
Saito: Journal of Applied Packaging Research.
Journal of Packaging Science and Technology, Japan.
Journal of Industrial Ecology.
Packaging Technology and Science.

In structure computation materials properties of steel bar was frequently simplified to doubling straight line or three straight line computation model [7].
Acknowledgements This paper is supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China (51008047, 51108052).
Journal of Bridge Engineering, ASCE.
Journal of Tongji University (Natural Science) Vol.36(11) (2008)p.1462-1500 [5] BU Zhanyu, TANG Guangwu.
Journal of Wuhan University Of Technology (Transportation Science &Engineering).

Experiment Research For magnetic materials, finishing clearance of magnetic abrasive finishing is the distance between the workpiece and the magnetic pole head, which has a close relationship with the magnetoresistive size in the magnetic circuit and filling volume of magnetic abrasive.
J. of JSME International Journal, 1995, Series C, Vol.38 (4), p.798-804
Key Engineering Materials, Vol.259-260(2004), pp.657-661
The International Journal for Manufacturing Science & Production.
Journal of Taiyuan University of Technology.

To overcome these drawbacks composites of two or more semiconductor materials with different band gaps and band positions are made [7,8].
Acknowledgements The research was supported by program for Liaoning excellent talents in university (LR-2011-011), Program for Science & Technology Public-Benefit Foundation of Liaoning of China (2011001002) and Program for Key Science & Technology Platform in Universities of Laoning Province.
Chauhan: Materials Characterization Vol. 62 (2011), p. 382-390 [2] H.L.
Duta: Journal of Photochemistry and Photobiology A Chemistry Vol. 221 (2011), p. 30-37 [7] D.
Han: International Journal of Hydrogen Energy Vol. 35 (2010), p. 7073-7079 [9] Y.

Numerical Simulation of Air Gap Formation in Water-cooled Mold Casting Huishu Zhang1, a, Dongping Zhan1,b, Bitao Deng1,c , Lijun Wang1,d, Zhouhua Jiang1,e 1School of Materials & Metallurgy, Northeastern University, Shenyang 110004, China ahuishuzhang@163.com, b zhandp1906@163.com, cdengbt@foxmail.com, dwanglj0910@126.com, ejiangzh@smm.neu.edu.cn Keywords: Casting, numerical simulation, water-cooled mold, air gap, solidification Abstract.
Journal of Materials Science, Vol. 4(1988), p. 205 [4] Li qiang.
Journal of Hebei United University, Vol. 1(2002), p. 8 [6] Liu Xiaoshan, Zhang Xiaofeng, Lu Xinchun.
Journal of Inner Mongolia University of Science and Technology, Vol. 31 (2012), p. 262 [7] S.M.
Journal of Manufacturing Processes, Vol. 13(2011), p. 30

Journal of Materials Processing Technology, 1999, 95(1999):191-200
Journal of Gansu Normal Colleges, 2005, 10(2):16-18
Chinese Journal of Mechanical Engineering, 2007,18(20):2422-2425
Journal of Engineering Graphics, 2008(1):122-126
Materials Processing Technology[J], 2005(159):69-82