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Then, a large reduction in section modulus can be expected.
Basic data: Glulam GL24h width at t= 0 200 mm crack development: 3 yrs < t < 13 yrs width at t=13 years 120 mm depth 800 mm shear strength: 4.5 N/mm2 Load carrying capacity in shear: 480 kN (t=0) Load scenario 1: 30% constant load Load scenario 2: 15% constant + 20% snow load, 1 month per year.
Then, the load carrying capacity in shear of the cross section would reduce similarly to the width reduction during cracking.

Due to the thermodynamic stability of CO2 molecule, efficient and selective catalysts are required for reduction on the activation energy of the reactions.
This behavior is similar to data found in the literature [22].
Although there is also a reduction of the selectivity for PC, this was the best result obtained with SnTNT nanostructure.

With the existence of cells in the matrix, EVA foams show light weight (in the range 150-250 kg/m3), cushioning performance, cost reduction, thermal and acoustic insulation, presenting a suitable choice for many industrial applications such as construction materials, thermal and sound insulators, packaging, and light weight materials for transportation industries [8].
Keun-Wan Park reported that the plastic buckling of cell walls and energy dissipation by the chain slipping might lead to the reduction in thickness after aging in compression [12].
Synthesized all collected data we found that within 3 phr OMMT, the foamed samples showed higher improvement of performance with higher clay content.

Sludge combustion enjoys a combination of several advantages that are not found in other treatment alternatives, including a large reduction of sludge volume to a small stabilized ash, which accounts for only 10% of the volume of mechanically dewatered sludge, and thermal destruction of toxic organic constituents [2].
The degree of conversion of the reduction process is expressed as [10; 11]: (4) Where mi is the initial mass of the sample, mt is the mass of the sample at time t, m1 the final mass of the sample in the reaction.
In this work, activation energy from dynamic data was obtained from iso-conversional method by Flynn–Wall–Ozawa (FWO) method.

The micrograph confirms the reduction in particle size of the as-received powder from 43 ± 2 µm to 25 ± 5 µm after 15 h milling.
The repeated fracture-weld-fracture mechanism of the individual elemental powder results in particle size reduction and HEA formation.
The nanoindentation hardness data expresses (Fig. 3e) that the hardness values are higher for heat-treated HEA coatings compared to the as-sprayed ones.

A reduction in water absorption and porosity of the coarse RCA.
The load applied to the specimen was sensed by the load cell attached to the crosshead of the machine and connected to a data logger.
The inclusion of the unmodified RCA has a clear effect on the reduction in load carrying capability of the R0 beam specimens.

Finally, empirical models for predicting hole characteristics are developed and verified by comparing with the corresponding experimental data.
As shown in Fig. 2(a), the machined hole features in tapered shape where the top-hole diameter is larger than the bottom-hole diameter, mainly due to the reduction of the jet cutting energy with the increase of the depth of cut [6].
It is believed that an increase in traverse speed causes an increased vibration [13], while a reduction in the programmed hole diameter induces more instability of the robot arm; in either case, the hole roundness error is increased.

It may be due to the mechanism of acid fracturing that is based on the reaction of acid with components of formations, and this causes to use of bypassed materials for reduction of fluid loss.
The first stage for well stimulation method is gathering the well and formation data for investigating that well needs to be stimulated or not [17].
It may be due to the mechanism of acid fracturing that based on the reaction of acid with components of formations, and this causes to use of bypassed materials for reduction of fluid loss.

Several prior studies have been conducted to produce CuO-NPs such as chemical, thermal, sono-chemical reduction, vacuum vapour deposition, radiation methods, micro-emulsion techniques or laser ablation.
As pH increases the maximum absorbent band strength to pH 7 at 610 nm, the decrease Cu2+ ions to CuO atoms increases, the reduction of Cu2+ ions as well as CMC’s dual role as a competent stabiliser and reducing agent. [2,3].
The Fig. 4 (b) reveals that the equilibrium swelling data collected from (NaCl), (CaCl2) and (AlCl3) the same amount of salt solutions.

But at the same time, the hydrolysis protein would be adversely affected by reduction of solubility of enzyme.
It leads to the reduction of polypeptide and increment of free amino acid.
The rationality and the reliability of the model are proved by the stability of test results, small deviation, and great data reproduction.