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Introduction In recent years,with the rapid development of the research and application of nano science and technology, in theprocess of production,research, circulation, application and abandon, nanomaterials inevitably release into the environment, which has becomeone of the important component of environmental pollutants.[1-3]At the same time,the potential environmental and human risks for exposure to nanpmaterials will increase as the quantity and types of nanoparticles used grow.[4]Compared with conventional materials, the specific surface area of nanomaterials enlargesmillions of times, which produce remarkable influences on the particles activity, viscosity, solubility, adsorption, catalysis and application.In terms of environment, with the significant increase in specific surface area of particles, the surface effects, such as surface activity, surface adsorption and catalytic ability are enhanced obviously, which makes the nanoparticles have a strong ability to bind andtransport
Surface area of the particles can impact on the performance of products in many ways, such as paint hiding power , the activity of catalysts, food taste and texture, bioavailability and drug toxicity, etc.[10]At present, there being a lot of physical and chemical methods can implementdetermination of specific surface area of powdered materials.[11]These include gas adsorption (BET method), estimation from particle size distribution data and titration, etc.Gas adsorption method is currently the most widely used for finely divided and porous solids and the most common form of this technique is the BET method.[12, 13]But this method is only used for the determination of dry powders and requests samples to be initially degassed to remove material adsorbed on the particle surface, and the key is that nitrogen (N2) gas is adsorbed on a sample kept at liquid N2 temperature at a series of different pressures,[14] the entire process takes several hours.
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[17] Pan B, Zhang D, Li H, et al: Environmental science & technology, 2013
[20] Cohen Stuart M A, Fleer G J, Bijsterbosch B H: Journal of Colloid and Interface Science, 1982

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The research results provided an alternative method for the aluminum alloy material structure impact localization.
However, material shapes differences and experiment environment interference lead to the signal propagation velocity still has uncertainty.
Sun: Journal of Nanjing University of Aeronautics & Astronautics Vol.43(2011),p. 191-197
Mathews: Acoustic emission (Gordon and Breach Science Publishers Inc, New York 1983)
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Citation & Copyright (to be inserted by the publisher ) Spectral plate element for crack detection with the use of propagating waves Marek Krawczuk1, Magdalena Palacz2 and Wiesław Ostachowicz3 1 University of Warmia and Mazury, Department of Technical Sciences, Oczapowskiego 22, 10736 Olsztyn, Poland, fax: +48 89 523 32 55, Institute of Fluid Flow Machinery, Polish Academy of Sciences, Fiszera 14, 80-231 Gdansk, Poland, tel.: +48 58 341 12 71, fax: +48 58 341 61 44 2 Institute of Fluid Flow Machinery, Polish Academy of Sciences, Fiszera 14, 80-231 Gdansk, Poland, tel.: +48 58 341 12 71, fax: +48 58 341 61 44 3 Institute of Fluid Flow Machinery, Polish Academy of Sciences, Fiszera 14, 80-231 Gdansk, Poland, tel.: +48 58 341 12 71, fax: +48 58 341 61 44 Keywords: damage detection, spectral analysis, Abstract.
In fact, the generalised nodes need to be placed only at structural discontinuities such as the joint in a folded plate or at a change of material or thickness.
Several spectral elements together can model structures having sections with different thicknesses or material properties [8].
Krawczuk, Vibration parameters for damage detection in structures, Journal of Sound and Vibration, 249 (5) (2002) 1011 - 1015
[8] Danial A.N., Doyle J.F., Rizzi S.A.: Dynamic Analysis of Folded Plate Structures, Journal of Vibration and Acoustics, Vol.118, October (1996)

However, these indices are not robust enough to detect steel framed roof due to the diversity of impervious materials.
However, it belongs to warming material for urban thermal environment from the perspective of urban heat island (UHI), and that has stronger warming ability than other traditional roofing materials.
Steel framed roof, as one kind of more and more popular impervious material, is playing an important role in urban thermal environment.
Journal of Anhui Normal University (Natural Science).
Geomatics and Information Science of Wuhan University.

We have used two sprayed materials in this study: (a) 01E Aluminum (99.5%) 1.6mm diameter, and (b) 02E Zinc (99.99%) 1.6mm diameter belonging Metallisation Ltd.
Cox: Journal of Thermal Spray Technology Vol.7 (1998), p. 513
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Valiulis: Journal of Materials Processing Technology vol. 175 (2006), p. 206

In the experiment apparatus and materials, the injection molding machine used Vs-100 and ABS resin (PA-765) was used as the plastic material for wireless communication case body.
Journal of Materials Processing Technology.
Materials & Design.
International Journal of System Science.
International Journal of Materials Processing Technology.

Now carbon nanotube array is applied to the field emission device, the filament heating element, the sensor[9] and many other functional materials.
Electromagnetic absorption in materials generally includes intrinsic absorption, exciton absorption, free carrier absorption, lattice absorption, impurity absorption, magnetic absorption and so on.
Materials Science and Engineering A, 2008, 494(1-2):380-384
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Acknowledgments This work was financially supported by the Natural Science Foundation of China (50678136).
Journal of Materials in Civil Engineering, 2010, 23(5): 562-571
Construction and Building Materials, 2008, 22(10): 2025-2030
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Improving the ballistic immunity of armour steel weldments by plasma transferred arc (PTA) hardfacing, Materials & Design. 31(2010):2664-2669
The comparison of the structure properties of laser cladding and welding on iron based high chromium alloy, Journal of mechanical engineering materials. 32 (2008):59-62
Microstructure and corrosion resistance of Cr7C3/Fe ceramal composite coating fabricated by plasma cladding, Wuhan University Journal of Natural Sciences. 12 (2007):1109-1112
Microstructural properties of M7C3 eutectic carbides in a Fe-Cr-C alloy, Materials Letters. 60(2006):605-608
Effect of titanium on the as-cast microstructure of a 16%chromium white iron, Materials Science and Engineering A. 398(2005):297-308.