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Questions asked by researchers in the fields of solid state physics, solid state chemistry and materials science can often only be answered by utilisation of the full potential of one or more methods of structural analysis.
This can be illustrated by considering the founding fathers of diffraction: the contributions of the Braggs were essential in the development of the diffraction method and also of major importance in building and interpreting crystal-structure models, however it can be argued that the importance of von Laue relies above all on founding the diffraction method itself.
Without condemnation and recognising the remarkable exceptions of the past, we note that nowadays, these two facets occur only rarely in the work of the individual researcher on the physics and chemistry of the solid state.
We have always divided these proceedings in two parts: part I contains the contributions dealing with the method of powder diffraction, and the larger part II comprises the contributions dealing with application of the powder-diffraction method to specific problems in the physics and chemistry of solids.

Synthesis of PEG-modified GoldMag Nanoparticles (PGMN) loaded Tubeimoside-2 (PGMNT) Xu Chao 1, 3, c, Yali Cui2, b, Yaoyu Wang 1, c 1The College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Northwest University, Xi’an, China 2The College of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Xi’an, China, 3The College of Preclinilical Science, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xian yang, Shaanxi, China aemail:chaoxu2004@126.com, bemail: yalicui@nwu.edu.cn,cemail: wyaoyu@nwu.edu.cn Keywords: Cytotoxicity, PEG-modified GoldMag Nanoparticles, Tubeimoside-2 Abstract.
Introduction GoldMag (Fe3O4/Au) nanoparticles are a typical core/shell structure with Fe oxide as the core and a layer of Au deposited on the core surface as the shell [1].It has the advantage of super parmagnetism which can be attracted by external magnet.
Thiol-ended PEG (PEG-SH), served as a particle stabilizer [3], have been widely used for modification on gold surfaces with thiol chemistry [4].
Acknowledgements This work was financially supported by the Scientific Research Program funded by Shaanxi Provincial Education Department (Program No. 11JK0682).The present study was supported the College of Chemistry and Materials Science of Northwest University and the College of Preclinilical Sciences of Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine.

Focusing on the concept of sustainable chemistry, molecular docking approach of enantiomers and the chiral column to predict the separation and mechanism of chiral compounds has been carried out [10].
(a) (b) (c) (d) Figure 1. 3D crystal structure of (a) AGP; (b) β-CD; and the structure of (c) R- and (d) S-HCQ Instrumentation.
The selection of the appropriate method is a necessary step in computational chemistry.
Fig. 2 presents the structure of the CQ compound and its labeling.
Structure of HCQ shown in Fig. 3 indicates the change of geometric structure of R- and S-HCQ compounds before and after geometry optimization.

The hydrogen bonds exiting in the crystal structure was discussed.
Results and Discussion X-ray Structure of the Compound The X-ray molecular structure of the compound is shown in Fig.1.
The adjacent molecules form dimmer structure.
Fig.3 The Calculate Models of Dimmer and Trimer Structure.
Zheng, Journal of Fluorine Chemistry 127 (2006) 63.

The metal ion is nine-coordinate and connected by oxalate to form 2D honeycomb-like structure.
Structure was solved by direct methods.
Results and Discussion Crystal Structure of Complex 1.
Fig. 1 X-ray single structure for Ho coordination (a) (b) Fig. 2 (a) the approximate regular hexagon of Ho6; (b) the 2D honeycomb-like structure of 1 IR Spectra of the Complex.
Nogueira: Inorganic Chemistry, Vol. 49 (2010) No.7 p.3428.

The Synthesis and Ion-exchange Property of Li+ Memorized Spinel LiZnPO4 Jinhe Jiang MicroScale Science Institute , Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering ,Weifang University, Weifang, 261061,China Corresponding author.
The structure of compound metal oxide LiZnPO4 crystallized at 750℃ was much perfect.
Rare Metal, 2007,26(6),121 [2] Y.F.Liu, Kenta Ooi: Inoranic ion exchanger with ion-memery ability, J.Ion Exchange and Adsorption. 1994,10(3),246 [3] D.Q.Dong, J.Zhong, D.L.Liu, Y.F.Liu: LiCu0.5Mn1.5O4 synthesis and Li+ extraction/reaction with it in the aqueous phase, J.China Journal of Applied Chemistry . 1998,15(3),11 [4] Zhong h..
Prpperty of H2TiO3 type ion-exchangers and extraction of lithium from brine of natural gas wells J.Chinese Journal of Applied Chemistry.2000,17(3),307

Those energy gaps have no significant effect on the lattice structure of TiO2.
Progress in Chemistry. 20 No.10 (2008), p. 1524-1533
Chemistry Bulletin. 69 (2006) , p. 350
Chinese Journal of Inorganic Chemistry. 24 No.2 (2008) , p. 253-259.

Introduction Electronic ink (E-ink) is actually a brand new material generated as a result of the integration of chemistry, physics and electronics.
The crystal structure analysis of SiO2 particles has been carried out with Japanese DMAX2500 type X-ray diffraction (XRD).
Hadziioannou: Chemistry of Materials.
Wu: Chemistry of Materials.

Experimental The chemistry compositions of raw materials used in the experiments was shown in the table 1.
Table4 The mineral compositions (%) Schemes Hematite Magnetite Calcium ferrite Dicalcium silicate Perovskite Glass phase Gangue Scheme1 15 40 35 5-7 - 1-3 1-2 Scheme2 15 40-45 30-35 2-3 1-3 3 1-2 Scheme3 15-20 35-40 30-35 3 2-3 3 2-3 Scheme4 15 35-40 30-35 3-5 3 3 3-5 Scheme5 20 30 30 3-5 5-10 3 3-5 As Fig.4(a) shown, most of magnetite and calcium ferrite formed mixed corrosion structure, and the different levels of perovskite exist in the different structure.
The perovskite grains exist within mixed corrosion of structure and between the crystals of calcium ferrite.
For a small number of Hematite, the internal is filled by dicalcium silicate and glass phase and a few scattered granular hematites located in the middle of interwoven structure.
Some magnetite and calcium ferrite formed corrosion structure and small number of calcium ferrite formed interwoven structure itself.

X-ray diffraction confirms that there are some undesired peaks in YCBC0.1 and YCBC0.5, while the YCBC (x = 0.2-0.4) retains single phase with tetragonal structure.
Zhang et al. has reported that the structure of Ca2+ doped samples had the same layered perovskite structure of parent phase YBaCo2O5+δ and Ca2+ could enhance oxygen desorption property of the samples[14].
The XRD results showed that YCBC0.1 and YCBC0.5 exhibited some impure phases, and the YCBC (x = 0.2-0.4) materials expressed single phase with tetragonal structure after calcined at 1100℃ for 3 h in air.
Journal of Materials Chemistry, 2007, 17:2500-2505
Chinese journal of inorganic chemistry, 2011, 27(12):2362-2366.