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Diffuse reflectance Light on Surface of Biological Material Lianshun Zhang, Wenli Liu College of Science, Civil Aviation University of China Tianjin, China zhangls1963@yahoo.com Keywords: Biological material; Diffuse reflectance; Diffusion equation; Monte Carlo simulation.
Introduction Light propagation in biological material is determined by the optical properties of the material.
The absorption coefficient, scattering coefficient of material reflect the physiological state of material, such as blood sugar and oxygenation as well as possible diseases[1, 2].
Many hundreds of papers concerning DA have been published in journals and conference proceedings during recent years [4].
Acknowledgements This work was jointly supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China and the Civil Aviation Administration of China (Grant No. 61079010) References [1] K.Furutsu.

Nowadays, a large number of new bio-based materials have not only been widely found in construction but also in automotive sectors [13].
Nevertheless, characteristics of such materials depend on their local resources.
Maulana, “Study of heat transfer characteristics on sharp turn channels for solar collectors”, Journal of Advanced Research in Fluid Mechanics and Thermal Sciences, vol. 45, no. 1, 2018, pp. 82-91
Ayrilmis, “Effect of panel density on dimensional stability of medium and high density fiberboards”, Journal of Materials Science, vol. 42, no. 20, 2007, pp. 8551-8557
Mendes, “The effect of post-heat treatment in MDF panels”, Materials Research, vol. 20, no. 1, 2017, pp. 183-190

Materials & Design Vol.28 (2007), p.31-39
Materials and Design Vol.27 (2006), p.329-337
Materials and Design Vol.31 (2010), p.1785-1789
Materials and Design vol. 32 (2011), p.851-860
Materials and Design Vol.29 (2008), p.1949-1954

Inorganic-organic hybrid materials are divided into two classes [2-5].
Hybrid materials with only weak chemical bonding between organic and inorganic networks are called Class I hybrid materials; those with strong bonding are called Class II hybrid materials.
Pelli, Journal of Sol-Gel Science and Technology, Vol.8 (1997), P.991 [2] A.
Sobolevsky, Journal of Sol-Gel Science and Technology, Vol. 8 (1997) P.581 [14] G.
Sommerdijk: Sol-Gel Materials Chemistry and Applications (the Gordon and Breach Science Publishers, Netherlands 2001)

In order to improve the machinability and electrical performance of the Ag electrical contact materials.
At present, traditional Ag/CdO materials have been replaced gradually by some new contact material such as Ag/SnO2 because of its damages to the environment and human health in the process of making and using[1-2].But Ag/SnO2 materials have innate shortcomings.
All of the above limited the manufacturing and application of Ag/SnO2 electrical contact materials greatly.
The higher the Ti content, the greater the materials’ hardness.
Zheng:submitted to Materials Science and Engineering(2006) [7] J.B.Wang, Y.Liu and C.Fu: submitted to Rare Metal Materials and Engineering(2009) [8] W.S.Lin, N.X.Fang andB.Lin: submitted to Powder metallurgy technology(2002) [9] Z.M.Deng, X.Y.Lu and F.Q.Zheng: submitted to Precious Metals(2001) [10] H.T.Wang,J.Q.Wang and Y.C.Zhu: submitted to Low Voltage Electrical Apparatus(2006) [11] X.H.Chen,C.C.Jia and X.B.Liu: submitted to Powder Metallurgy Industry(2009) [12] J.Q.Wang,H.T.Wang,M.Wen and Y.C.Zhu:submitted to Journal of Zhejiang University SCIENCE A(2007)

Only the numerical method can be applied to calculate the sound transmission loss (STL), however, in the cavity of the air cleaner there are some filter materials whose acoustic property is hard to describe precisely even if using the numerical method.
In the experimental duct system，a filter material was mounted between two testing pipes.
Fig. 3 Magnitude of the elements in the transfer matrix Fig. 4 STL of the engine air cleaner Fig. 5 STL of the engine air cleaner (Ignoring the effect of the filter material) (Considering the effect of the filter material) Acknowledgements The work described in this paper was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (10974217) and the Research and Development Program of Science and Technology of Beijing Municipal Commission of Education (KM201010011008).
K.Dhingra: Journal of Vibration and Acoustic Vol. 124(3) (2002), p. 334 [5] Davies P.O.A.L: Journal of Sound and Vibration Vol. 190(4) (1996), p.677 [6] S.
Abom: Journal of Sound and Vibration Vol. 155(1) (1992), p. 185

At present, the SLS technology material uses powder materials such as metals, ceramics, polymers [4-6].In this paper, the designed wood plastic composite materials have low cost, good dimensional stability, pollution-free, easily degradable and other advantages, and is suitable for SLS technology.
Results and Analysis of Simulation Experiment Forming Process of the Wood Powder/PES Composite Materials SLS.
In the simulation ratio of 1:4 of wood powder/PES composite powder materials are used.
So the error of PES/wood powder composite materials sintering is bigger.
Wu: Polymer Materials Science and Engineering, Vol. 10 (2012) pp.174-178.

Blades are the key parts of the turbine, which usually use materials such as 1Cr13 stainless steel.
Thus, belt grinding has its unique advantages on the processing of these hard to grind materials.
Liu: Advances in Materials Manufacturing Science and Technology Vol. 626-627(2009), pp: 617-622
Rajendra: Applied Surface Science Vol. 228(2004), pp: 213-220
Sun: Key Engineering Materials Vol. 202-203(2001), pp: 53-56

A Material Removal Modeling of Chemical Mechanical Polishing Based on Micro-contact Mechanism Shiwen Dua , Yongtang Lib，Jianjun Song, Huiping Qi School of Material Science & Engineering, Taiyuan University of Science and Technology Taiyuan,030024,China atykddsw@126.com, bliyongtang@tyust.edu.cn Keywords: chemical mechanical polishing; material removal rate; planarization; hyper-elastic Abstract.The model proposed integrates process parameters including pressure and velocity and other important input parameters including the wafer hardness, pad roughness, abrasive size, and abrasive geometry into the formulation to predict the material removal rate.
Material removal rate of single abrasive particle is calculated by the abrasive wear theory.
The schematic of a particle removal material model is shown in Fig.3.
Acknowledgments: This work was supported by Major State Basic Research Development Program(973 program)(No.2009CB724200) and The Tribology Science Fund of State Key Laboratory of Tribology(SKLTKF09B08), ShanXi Province Science Foundation for Youths(No2010021023-4) and The Innovation Funds of Graduate ShanXi Province(No.20093097) .
Soc Vol.146 (1999) ,p.1523 [5] J.J.Vlassak: Journal of the Mechanics and Physics of Solids Vol.52 (2004) ,p.847 [6] Elon J.Terrell.

Electromagnetic Shielding Effectiveness of Carbon Black -carbon Fiber Cement Based Materials Shaowen Huang a, Guanghua Chen b, Qi Luo c, Yuhua Xud School of material science and engineering, Nanchang University, Nanchang , Jiangxi 330031, China ahuangsw@163.com, bchenjianhua8882002@yahoo.com.cn, cchinalodger1@163.com, dxuyuhua@ncu.edu.cn Keywords: shielding effectiveness; cement- based materials; carbon black; carbon fiber Abstract.
Carbon series materials as a shielding medium in cement based electromagnetic shielding materials have been reported in these years [3,4,5], but different conclusions were obtained.
Materials and Methods Materials.
The carbon fiber (PAN-based, 6-10μm diameter, 4-5 mm length) was from ShangHai Hongcheng Carbon Materials Corp.
Bulle Vol .31(1996),p.857 [10] Jingyao CAO,D.D.L.Chung: Cem and Con Res Vol.33 (2003),p.1739 [11] Jingyao Cao,D.D.L.Chung: Carbon Vol. 41 (2003),p.2434 [12] Yue Zhang, Rentao Zhi, Fengwu Zhu, Jimei XIAO,Runzhang Yuan and Shixi Ouyang: Chinese journal of materials research Vol .6(1992), p. 286, In Chinese