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Applications of Nanocomposite-Enhanced Phase-Change Materials for Heat Storage Jaroslav Jerza *, Peter Tobolkab, Martin Noskoc and Tomáš Dvorákd Institute of Materials & Machine Mechanics, SAS, Dúbravská cesta 9, 845 13 Bratislava, Slovakia aummsjerz@savba.sk, bummstob@savba.sk, cummsnoso@savba.sk, dummsdvor@savba.sk Keywords: phase-change materials (PCMs); oxide nano-additives; thermal energy storage; latent heat; titanium dioxide nanoparticles.
Research on heat storage materials nowadays focuses on phase-change materials (PCMs) enabling repeatedly utilize the latent heat of the phase transition between the solid and liquid phase.
Dvorák, Heat storage in future zero-energy buildings, International Journal of Innovative Research in Science, Engineering and Technology 4 (2015) 6722-6728.
Mahkamov, Solar energy storage using phase change materials, Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews 11 (2007) 1913-1965
Chen, Solar water heating system with phase change materials, International review of chemical engineering 1 (2009) 297-307.

For investigation purpose a deep freezer which runs on vapor compression system of 50 liters storage capacity is fabricated with and without phase change materials.
The eutectic compositions nearly 23 wt% salt (NaCl) dissolved in water and aluminium nitrate around 26 wt% dissolved in water are used as phase change materials.
References [1] S.D.Sharma, Kazunobu Sagara, Latent heat storage materials, and systems: A Review, International Journal of Green Energy, 2 (2002) 1-56
[2] Belen Zalba, Jose Ma Marýn, Review on thermal energy storage with phase change: materials, heat transfer analysis and applications, Applied Thermal Engineering, 23 (2003) 251–283
Dumas, Phase-change thermal energy storage using spherical capsules: performance of a test plant, International Journal of Thermal Sciences 19 (1998) 119-152

Materials Science Forum, 1006 (2020) 32-40
Journal of Industrial Textiles, (2021)
AATCC Journal of Research, 2 (2) (2015) 1-12
Journal of Natural Fibers, 1 (1) (2004) 85-95
Materials Science Forum, 1006 (2020) 25-31

Jamal, Conjugate effects on steady laminar natural convection heat transfer in vertical eccentric annuli, International Journal for Computational Methods Engineering Science Mechanics. 6(2005) 235–250
Journal of Fluid Mechanics. 74 (1976) 695–719
Said, Effects of fins geometries, arrangements, dimensions and numbers on natural convection heat transfer characteristics in finned-horizontal annulus, International Journal of Thermal Sciences, 137(2019) 121–137
Laidoudi, Buoyancy-driven flow in annular space from two circular cylinders in tandem arrangement, Metallurgical and Materials Engineering, 26 (2020) 87–102
Abbas, An extension of the domain of influence theorem for generalized thermoelasticity of anisotropic material with voids, Journal of Computational and Theoretical Nanoscience, 12 (2015) 1594-1598

Introduction Advances in extreme engineering have accelerated the requirement of new materials for use in very stringent conditions.
Werheit :Materials Science and Engineering B Vol.29 (1995)p.228
[19] M.B.Dobrova,B.I.Kozynkin,V.I.Kalvgin,A.V.Agafonov,A.A.Fadeev,E.S.Sidorenko: Journal of Advanced Materials Vol.1 (1994),p69
Seshadri : Compositional and structural variations in solid state formed boron carbide, Recent Advances in Composite Materials (Intelligent, Smart , Sustainable & Infrastructural Materials) Edited by V.
This paper is under publication in special edition of the Journal"Material Science and Engineering A"

Evolutionary Structural Optimization Using the Minor Value of Material Efficiency Xingguo Hu 1, a, Heming Cheng 1,b 1 Faculty of Civil Engineering and Mechanics, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, China, 650500 akgtumuhxg@sina.com, bchenghm@public.km.yn.cn Keywords: evolutionary structural optimization; structural topology optimization; minor value of material efficiency; Abstract.
The maximum value of the inefficient material is close to the minimum value of material efficiency, and has nothing to do with the reject rate and the maximum value of material efficiency.
AIAA JOURNAL, Vol. 37(1999),p.1483～1488 [7] Liu Xia, Yi Weijian, Li Q.
Journal of Constructional Steel Research, Vol. 64(2008),p.305～311 [8] Hu Xingguo, Cheng Heming: Evolutionary Structural Optimization Using Material Efficiency Grades.
Applied Mechanics and Materials Vol. 482 (2014),p.317-321

Diffuse reflectance Light on Surface of Biological Material Lianshun Zhang, Wenli Liu College of Science, Civil Aviation University of China Tianjin, China zhangls1963@yahoo.com Keywords: Biological material; Diffuse reflectance; Diffusion equation; Monte Carlo simulation.
Introduction Light propagation in biological material is determined by the optical properties of the material.
The absorption coefficient, scattering coefficient of material reflect the physiological state of material, such as blood sugar and oxygenation as well as possible diseases[1, 2].
Many hundreds of papers concerning DA have been published in journals and conference proceedings during recent years [4].
Acknowledgements This work was jointly supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China and the Civil Aviation Administration of China (Grant No. 61079010) References [1] K.Furutsu.

When observing from the history of human and society development, we can easily conclude that material sciences and product manufacturing stimulate each to evolve and improve.
When these materials are harm-free and can replace the materials such as plastic or chemical fiber, they are often given as potential candidates for environment-friendly materials.
Moreover scientists are advancing complex functions in materials and are making materials more "intelligent".
Conclusion As the science and technology evolve, product designers will have more choices in product materials.
At the same time, the involvement of the science and technology and creativity of the new materials causes a deeper thought and introspection to human design activity in itself.

St 50-2 steel was used as the substrate material, since it is one of the main structural materials used in various fields of technology.
Weiss, Understanding material behaviour of ultrafine-grained aluminium nano-composite sheets with emphasis on stretch and bending deformation, Journal of Materials Processing Technology. 293 (2021) 117082
Materials Science Forum. 938 (2018) 46–53
Krishan, Composite materials: Science and engineering, Springer Science & Business Media, New York, 2013
Caraviello, A numerical/experimental study on the induction heating of adhesives for composite materials bonding, Materials Today Communications. 15 (2018) 203–213

Figure 1 shows the properties comparison among the homogeneous metallic materials, composite and functionally graded materials, the performance of functionally graded materials have obvious advantages.
Materials Review, 2000,14(4): 13-15
Materials Science and Engineering of Powder Metallurgy, 2005,10(5): 257-263
Materials Engineering, 1993 (6): 16-19
Journal of Wuhan University of Science and Technology, 2000,13(1): 1-5