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The grain sizes of the alloy were in the range of 150-250 µm.
After 1-pass ECAE, the interdendritic I phases were slightly broken, and a number of twins were observed within the original grains.
However, deformation structures were generally inhomogeneous and large grains with grain size above 10 µm were still present up to 4 passes.
Many dislocations were visible in the grains with some grain boundaries ill-defined.
The variation of the tensile behavior of the alloy with the number of ECAE passes may be due to the different grain size and texture formed during ECAE.

Truncation error analysis.For the accuracy of the solution, a minimum number of base functions is necessary.
This analysis proved that the drying rate increases with increasing number of pauses.
b) Application to drying of rice grains with husk.
In addition, the drying rate increases with increasing number of pauses.A diffusion model was proposed to describe continuous and intermittent drying of rice grains with husk.
[2] M.J.Milman,Equipments for pre-processing of grain.

The sheet metal is modelled as a grain aggregate, each grain having its own flow stress.
In particular the sheet metal is modelled as a grain aggregate, each grain having its own flow stress.
- At 0.8Uf, the number of shear bands stabilized and a plateau value for the surface undulations was reached
The total number of elements was 16,404 with 16,147 in the part undergoing large deformation.
Grain mechanical behaviour.

The pure volume of all grains should be as full as possible.
Silicon carbide in particular has been the focus of a number of research groups and organizations in the past 15 years especially in electronics engineering [1].
SiC increasing especially mechanical parameters of mixture because these materials have number 9 on Mohs hardness scale [3].
Grain curves determine the unambiguous amount of fine and coarse aggregate.
From overall view, using silicon carbide in cementious mixture is advantageous, especially in mechanical parameters because SiC materials have number 9 on Mohs hardness scale.

Dependence of the density of samples from fine-grained concrete on the amount of calcium stearate 3.5.
Dependence of the strength of samples from fine-grained concrete on the amount of calcium stearate 4.
By creating a hydrophobic film around the pore space, firstly, it reduces the permeability of large pores, and secondly, it reduces the number of pores with a size of 10-100 microns.
It increases the workability of the mortar mixture, reduces the size and number of pores, and therefore slows down water absorption, practically does not affect the strength characteristics.
Study of the kinetics of water absorption of fine-grained concrete.

The material was considered as a composite of grain interior phase and grain boundary (GB) phase.
As soon as strain surpasses threshold value corresponding to ultimate strength, grains within shear band begin to rotate and dislocations in grain interior begin to slip, which leads to shape changes for grains, especially like elongation.
The following assumptions are made with shear band deformation mechanism stated above: (1) grains are spherical before unchanged, and grains’ sizes are identical; (2) grains with different orientations are randomly distributed; (3) rotational velocities for grains are same and synchronous; (4) rotational angle of grain is proportional to strain in the softening stage.
(3) where and are the number of softening grains with orientations parallel with shear band and the total number of grains in the aggregate, respectively; is the strain in softening stage, is the strain corresponding to ultimate strength and is the failure strain.
(7) FEM simulation for shear band The generated microstructure consists of 160 grains and the average grain size is 62 nm.

In the different temperature and the same recycle number condition, to the sticky gather force c value and internal friction Angle Ф influence Tests show that fine-grained soils in the same natural freeze-thaw cycle temperature range (5 ° ~ 5 °,-15 ° ~ 15 °, 25 ° ~ 25 °) inside, stick together force c and internal friction Angle Ф value basically all natural freeze-thaw cycle with the increase of number of reduced.
freeze-thaw cycle number (5 times, 10 times, 15 times) function, T（－25o～25o）>T（－15o～15 o）> T（－5 o～5 o）。
Conclusion Taking widely used as a building foundation fine-grained soils in XinJiang region is as the research object, Completed fine-grained soils in different temperature scope and different times as the effect factors of the cycle freeze-thaw cycle, according to the test results obtained fine-grained soils freeze-thaw cycle in different temperature becomes poor scope and different cyclic number freeze-thaw conditions, the shear strength parameters stick together and internal friction angle Ф force c, change law and will c, Ф value change the results applied to the deep foundation soil nailing support, the role that thawing relatively nail drawing force change at the top, analysis of soil nail anchor the soil anchorage effect.
(2) The same natural freeze-thaw cycle temperature range, fine grain shear strength parameters stick together and internal friction Angle force c Ф value, along with the increase of number of freeze-thaw cycle decreases, but with increasing cycles tend to be stable
(4) In this formula (5-1) same freeze-thaw cycles that temperature becomes poor range, fine grain shear strength parameters c, Ф value with the increase of number of freeze-thaw cycle decreases, and soil nail resistance force T values will pull out the increase of number of freeze-thaw cycle with reduced.Acknowledgements: The XinJiang uygur autonomous region of scientific research plan "fine-grained soils freeze-thaw cycle in the physical and mechanical properties of the research and application" (project Numbers: XJEDU2009S41) Corresponding author: Yong Feng E-mail: xjnydxfy@163.com References(In Chinese) [1] Heilongjiang Province Institute of Cold Area Building Research.

Different grain sizes could be achieved by choosing different temperatures.
It means that the formability would improve if the grain size increases.
However, the large grain size also decreases the plastic strain ratio.
It implies that the distribution and the direction of grain size are hard to be controlled when the grain size increases.
The extent of the changing of material properties is affected by the number of grain in the cross section.

Grain Refinement Grain refinement as well as refinement of primary particles such as Si is a well-known effect of ultrasonic processing.
There are a number of mechanisms suggested to explain the refining effect of ultrasonic cavitation that are reviewed elsewhere [3, 4].
On decreasing the temperature below the formation temperature of Al3Zr (e.g. 720–740 °C, depending on Zr concentration) the particles nucleate and also become fragmented so that their number density rapidly increases.
Ti plays a role as a growth restriction element and further refines the grain structure.
Effect of ultrasonic melt processing on the grain refinement in an Al–2% Ni–1% Mn–0.2% Zr–0.08% Ti alloy: (a) no ultrasonic processing (grain size 230 µm) and (b) with ultrasonic processing (grain size 72 µm).

Introduction Over the last decade, a number of techniques collectively referred to as severe plastic deformation (spd), have emerged as a promising approach for the production of bulk ultrafine-grained (ufg) materials [1].
As expected, grains were severely elongated in the region recognized by the number 2.
The grains in the region are highly elongated, showing extensive plastic flow.
Formation of shear bands may explain as follows: elongated grains along the shear bands are generated in the favor path which depends on die geometry and billet size and then fragmentation of (a) (b) Adiabatic shear band 1 2 3 the grains into equiaxed smaller grains.
The shear bands contained much finer grains compared to the bulk materials.