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Numerical simulations (LS-DYNA) indicate that such a wave destroys not only internal partitions but also the tunnel’s load-bearing structures, producing a cascading failure mechanism [16, 17].
Both empirical and physico-mathematical (computational fluid dynamics, CFD) approaches are used, each with its own limitations and domains of applicability.
In CFD modelling, the Navier–Stokes equations are solved numerically with additional sub-models for ignition, combustion, and turbulence.
In addition, the use of optimisation techniques and parallel computing is a promising route to improving simulation performance and permitting higher-resolution calculations for complex scenarios.
Sitharam, Numerical simulation of explosion in twin tunnel system, Geotech.

China ajjliouu@163.com, blichx@buaa.edu.cn Keywords: Turbulence model, Hypersonic, CFD, Compressible Abstract.
Results and Discussions Numerical simulations are carried out for a hypersonic flow over a flat plate in order to optimize the present model’s coefficients and validate the model and the procedure developed in the previous sections.
Liu: Development of High-Mach-Number RANS Turbulence Model and Numerical Simulation of Hypersonic Flows (PhD.
Wilcox: Turbulence Modeling for CFD ( DCW Industries Publications, 2nd edition, USA 2000) [12] G.T.

Numerical Simulation of Scouring Erosion Characteristics for Electric Submersible Pump Impeller CHEN Si2,b, WANG Zun-ce1,a 1Northeast Petroleum University,Daqing,163318,China 2Northeast Petroleum University,Daqing,163318,China airaqiraq@126.com,bWangzc@nepu.edu.cn Keywords: Electric Submersible Pump; discrete phase model; particle impact erosion; Numerical simulation; Abstract.
This paper shows the numerical simulation of the problem that electrical submersible pump impeller is vulnerable to particle impact erosion in the water under the condition of the water injection of the same wells in oil field.
This simulation is based on Fluent of CFD software, which has built a geometric model of electric submersible pump impeller flow field, and given the calculation of the internal flow field of the impeller, and showed the solution of the motion track of the particles in the turbulent by the way of discrete phase model and random orbit, and calculated the erosion by the micro cutting model by particless, and compared the field test data with the simulation results which proved the reliability of numerical simulation method.
Numerical simulation assumption: the solid particles are spherical shape.
Then on the specific wear area both of the blade of the impeller and the whole area of the up shroud appear serious wear, which has a little difference from the outcome of the simulation.

As the fast development of computer technologies and continuous progress of CFD technologies, it’s not difficult to solve the complex equations anymore.
CFD software is used to simulate the 3D flow field of the screen cavity by the principles of computation fluid dynamics in this paper.
Fig.2 Meshing model of flow field Mechanical Model of CFD Analysis.
Fig.11 The curve of total torque and impeller rotating angle Conclusion Fluid flow field model is established based on the structure parameters and the grid is meshed. 3D simulation model of roller-type oil screen is set up by N-S equations.

Results are discussed on the basis of thermodynamic calculations and numerical simulations of the temperature distribution in the crucible.
Fig. 2 : Numerical simulation of the temperature distribution in the sublimation chamber versus carrier gas, for a fixed T high.
The other properties and phenomena considered in these simulations are described in a previous work [1].
Close-up of simulation results inside the sublimation chamber are shown in figure 2.
Ellison, thesis, Linköping university, (1992) [4] CFD-ACE, CFD Research Corporation, Huntsville, AL 35805, USA, http://www.cfdrc.com/

Optimizing Structure About Strong Base ASP Flooding Molecule Weight Adjusting Mechanism Chunsheng Wang, Xu Wang,Qiuying Du,Bin Dong,Guiling Chen College of Petroleum Engineering,Northeast Petroleum University,Daqing,Heilongjiang,163318, China wcsfcj@163.com Keywords: ASP flooding, molecular weight, CFD, optimizing, Numerical Simulation.
Fig. 2 The working place of the Molecule Weight Adjusting Mechanism Fig. 3 The fracture of long chains in polymer The assumptions of numerical simulation of the Molecule Weight Adjusting Mechanism.
The results of numerical simulation The values of each element chamber’s parameters are adjusted to that: the total length L of Molecule Weight Adjusting Mechanism is 50mm, the entrance diameter D is 20mm,the flow rate Q is 40 m3/d, the fluid density is 998.2kg/m3, where α is 30 °, 60 °, 80 °,and L1 is 4.1mm, 5.1mm, 6.1mm, L2 is 5.4mm, 6.4mm, 7.4mm, and β is 20 °, 30 °, 40 °.

The study of BWB through computational fluid dynamic CFD by Nasir et al. [10] shows small differences of aerodynamic parameters between CFD and wind tunnel experiment in linear lift region.
A rectangular canard shape of BWB-Baseline via CFD was studied by Z.M Ali et al. [11].
The differences of maximum lift coefficient,CLmax between CFD and wind tunnel result is about 9%.
Nasir, Zurriati Mohd Ali, Wahyu Kuntjoro, Wirachman Wisnoe., Investigation on Aerodynamic Characteristics of Baseline-II E-2 Blended Wing-Body Aircraft with Canard via Computational Simulation, presented at the The International Meeting on Advances in Thermofluids (IMAT) Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, (2011)

Combustion Simulation on Fuel oil-mixture gas Converter Based on FLUENT Jiachao Yan a , Shuai Shao and Chengzhe Jin Shenyang Ligong University, Shenyang, China, 110159 ayanjc01@sina.com Key words：Heavy oil exploitation; converter; combustion simulation Abstract.
(11) The simulation analysis  of  combustion chamber components transmission and  gascombustion ANSYS FLUENT analysis software which is a universal CFD software used to simulate complex flow of the range of  incompressible to compression. 
The simulations results show that the combustion chamber design meet the technical requirements.
Based on ANSYS FLUENT analysis software,the components transmission and gas combustion simulation to the combustion chamber in fuel-the mixture  converter.The simulation results of a series of simulation get chart, such as temperature contour map and mix specific heat contour map. 
The mean temperature (468.4359K) and velocity (490.4908m/s) of the exit are confirm in the simulation analysis.The simulation result, determine the combustion chamber design meet the design requirements.

Simulation of the flow of the field of turbine blades using computational fluid dynamics software (CFD) has also been presented.
Fig.5 Three nozzles (rotating) Fig. 6 CAD Model of 6-nozzles polishing head CFD Simulation of Tesla Turbine.
In this section, the fluid flow and energy transfer scheme has been described using CFD; fluent, computational software.
The unique and interesting fluid flow pattern in the turbine was simulated and presented using CFD.
Ladino, Numerical Simulation of the Flow Field in a Friction-Type Turbine (Tesla Turbine), Dip Thesis, Vienna University of Technology, Vienna, (2004)

Numerical simulations play an important role in investing the spread of fire and smoke[1-4].
Generally, there are two types of simulation method which are called as the zone models and the field, or Computational Fluid Dynamics(CFD) models.
Thus, the field model is considered to be a more accurate method dealing with fire simulation.
Fig. 1 The geometric model for simulation Fig. 2 presented numerical results of air temperature of a certain space section, obtained using the RNG K-ε model.
Markatos, Natural cross-ventilation in buildings: building-scale experiments, numerical simulation and thermal comfort evaluation, Energy Build. 40 (9) (2008) 1666–1681