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Certain natural materials were used as supplementary cementitious materials (SCM) since ancient times due to their pozzolanic properties.
Supplementary cementitious materials.
Construction and Building Materials Vol. 25, 1789-1795
Journal of Thermal Envelope and Building Science 2004, Vol. 27, pp 307-325
Journal of Thermal Envelope and Building Science. 1999, Vol. 22, pp 349-355

The contact between the bracket and the archwire as well as the choice of materials and surface roughness are factors that influence the occurrence of friction.
In addition to materials and manufacturing method, the design factor also supports to reduce the friction between brackets and archwires in orthodontic treatment.
Journal of Applied Biomaterials & Functional Materials. 18 (2020) 1–8
Dental Materials Journal. 39 (2020) 735–741
Indian J Engineering & Material Sciences. 22 (2014)187-94

Development of Material Tester using Pendulum Hironori Ebara 1, a, Akihiro Takita 1,b , Tomohiko Azami 1,c and Yusaku Fujii 1,d 1 Department of Electronics, Graduate School of Engineering, Gunma University 1-5-1 Tenjin-cho, Kiryu 376-8515, Japan a a06e018@ug.eng.gunma-u.ac.jp, b takita@ug.eng.gunma-u.ac.jp c azami@rs.el.gunma-u.ac.jp,d fujii@el.gunma-u.ac.jp Keywords: Pendulum, Material tester, Optical interferometer, Levitation mass method Introduction The requirements for evaluating the mechanical characteristics of materials have increased in the various industrial, research and the applications such as materials testing.
Therefore, the authors have proposed a method for measuring force acting a material using pendulum [1].
Conclusions Method for development of material tester using a pendulum is proposed.
Maru, "Instrument for Measuring the Body Mass of Astronauts under Microgravity Conditions", Microgravity Science and Technology Vol. 22, No. 1, 115-121, (2010) [4] Y.
Fujii, "Integrated wavelength-insensitive differential laser Doppler velocimeter using planar lightwave circuit", Journal of Lightwave Technology, Vol. 27, Issue 22, 5078-5083, (2009).

A Methodology to Assure Measurement Data Quality for Key Engineering Materials Ying Su1, a, Jinghua HUANG 2,b and Latif Al-Hakim 3,c 1 Information Quality Lab, Institute of Scientific and Technical Information of China, Beijing, CHN 2 Department of Management Science and Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, CHN 3 Faculty of Business, University of Southern Queensland, Queensland, Australia a suy.rspc@istic.ac.cn, bhuangjh@sem.tsinghua.edu.cn , chakim@usq.edu.au Keywords: Measurement Data; Data Quality; Engineering Material; Information Quality Abstract.
From a research perspective, data quality has been addressed in different areas, including statistics, management, and computer science.
Peng, "Modeling Data Quality for Risk Assessment of GIS," Journal of Southeast University (English Edition), vol. 24, pp. 37-42, June 2008
Srikant, "Data Quality for Enterprise Risk Management," Business Intelligence Journal, vol. 11, pp. 18-23, Second Quarter 2006
Radziwill, "Foundations for Quality Management of Scientific Data Products," The Quality Management Journal, vol. 13, pp. 7-21, 2006

Study on the Physical and Mechanical Performance of Graphite Foamed Cement-based Material Jun LIU 1, a, Xiangmei MENG 1, b, Hongtao MU 1, c 1School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shenyang ligong University, Shenyang, China a13940195514@163.com, b13478309492@163.com, c821386315@qq.com Keywords: Graphite; Cement foaming; Physical and mechanical performance Abstract.
Introduction In order to reduce the electromagnetic radiation of communication, computer and other electronic equipment as well as harm to human health, the research of absorbing material has become one of the hot research topics in materials science [1].
The current study of absorbing materials are mostly focused on military and absorbing materials for civil architecture research is relatively few, and multi-function and low cost are the key to building absorbing material application[2].
Experiments Raw Material 42.5R Portland cement, class I fly ash are the cementitious materials.
Reference [1] Limin Liang, Hongfa Yu, QingLing Wu, et al, Journal of Building Materials Vol.2 (2010), p.165 (in Chinese) [2] Danruo Dou, China Non-Metallic Mining Industry Herald Vol.5 (2004), p. 21 (in Chinese) [3] Xingwen Jia, Yajie Zhang, Jueshi Qian, et al, Journal of Functional Materials Vol.17 (2012), p. 2397 (in Chinese) [4] Xin Liu, Xiangxin Xue, Peining Duan, Journal of Materials and Metallurgy Vol.4 (2007,) p. 306 (in Chinese) [5] Bo Li, Yanqing Zhang, Fly Ash Comprehensive Utilization Vol. 2 (2014), p. 17 (in Chinese) [6] Jun Liu, Yunpeng Cui, Yuanquan Yang, et al, Materials Review Vol.4 (2014), p. 139 (in Chinese) [7] Zhu Bin, Mei Bingchu, Shen Chunhui, Journal of Wuhan University of Technology Vol.12 (2006), p. 11 (in Chinese) [8] Shi Yan, Shi Enqiang, Xin Desheng, et al, New Building Materials Vol.5 (2012), p. 66 (in Chinese)

Effect of Electron Beam Injection on the Removal of Metal Impurities in Silicon Yi Tan1, 2, a *, Dayu Pang1, 2, b , Shuang Shi1, 2, c, Wei Dong1, 2, d, Ruixun Zou1, 2, e and Dachuan Jiang1, 2, f 1School of Materials Science and Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, No. 2 Linggong Road, Ganjingzi District, Dalian City, Liaoning Province, 116023 China 2Key Laboratory for Solar Energy Photovoltaic System of Liaoning Province, 116023 China a *tanyi@dlut.edu.cn, bpdayu19870912@163.com, cshish2008@yahoo.com.cn, dw-dong@dlut.edu.cn, eruixun6235@126.com, fcipjjs@126.com Keywords: Electron beam injection; Solar energy materials; Silicon; Oxidation; Metal impurities Abstract.
Electron beam injection(EBI) is a process of gathering the electrons in materials using electron beam(EB).
Fig. 1 Schematic of the principle of removing metal impurities in silicon Experimental Metallurgical grade silicon particles with an initial purity of 99.6% were chosen as experimental materials.
Palais: Solar Energy Materials & Solar Cells, Vol. 91 (2007), p. 1172 [3] Deal, B.
S.: Journal of Applied Physics, Vol. 36 (1965), p. 3770 [4] Eicke R and Weber: Applied Physics A., Vol. 30 (1983), p. 1 [5] J.Dabrowski and H-J.Müssig: World Scientific, (2003), p. 322 [6] Won Chel Choi, Min-Suk Lee, Eun Kyu Kim, Chun Keun Kim, Suk-Ki Min, Chong-Yun Park and Jeong Yong Lee: Applied Physics Letters, Vol. 69 (1996), p. 3402 [7] Wei Dong, Xu Peng, Dachuan Jiang, Yi Tan, Qiang Wang and Guobin Li: Material Science Forum, Vol. 675-677 (2011), p. 41-44 [8] DONG Wei, WANG Qiang, PENG Xu, TAN Yi, JIANG Dachuan and LI Guobin: Chinese Journal of Materials Research, Vol. 24 (2010), p. 592 [9] Noriyoshi Yuge, Kazuhiro Hanazawa and Yoshiei Kato: Materials Transactions, Vol. 45 (2004), p.850 [10] Lau, F., Mader, L., Mazure, C., Werner, Ch. and Orlowski, M: Applied Physics A., Vol. 49 (1989), p. 671

This paper describes an approach to identify the influence of mechanical properties of the materials under the condition of containing residual stress.
By comparing the original specimen with the specimen contains residual stress, the change of the mechanical properties of the materials can be studied.
Materials Science and Technology, 2001, 17(4)：366—375
Gurson, Continuum theory of ductile rupture by void nucleation and growth: Part I––Yield criteria and flow rules for porous ductile materials, Journal of Engineering Materials and Technology 99 (1977) 2–15
Gurson, Porous rigid-plastic materials containing rigid inclusions-yield function, plastic potential and void nucleation, Fracture 2 (1977) 357–364

The paper is focused on computation of a compressive strength of composite materials by limit analysis.
We can see that the composite materials are much less brittle than the pure coal, see also Figure 1.
These data seem to be relevant to the materials used in [6, 7].
Conclusion We use limit analysis to compute the compressive strengths of composite materials and to visualize failure zones.
Vavro, Digital image based numerical micromechanics of geocomposites with application to chemical grouting, International Journal of Rock Mechanics and Mining Sciences, 77 (2015) 77-88

Liguo Wang et al. investigated the modification of cement-based materials by nano-SiO2 particles to find the influence of the nano-SiO2 particle upon the hydration, mechanical properties, and the cement-based materials pore structure.
Ahmed, Effect of Nanomaterials in Cement Mortar Characteristics, Journal of Engineering Science and Technology, 11, (2016) 1321 – 1332
[2] S Sanju, S Sharadha and J Revathy, Performance on The Study of Nano Materials for The Development of Sustainable Concrete, International Journal of Earth Science and Engineering, 09 (2016) 294-300
Acosta, Influence of ZrO2 Nanoparticles on the Microstructural Development of Cement Mortars with Limestone Aggregates, Applied Science Journal, 2019, https//doi:10.3390/app9030598
Li, Development of Novel Ultra High Performance Concrete: From Material to Structure, Construction and Building Materials, 135 (2017) 517-528

The material properties of the three materials are presented in Table 1.
Computational Materials Science, 2014. 82: p. 134-139
Journal of Sandwich Structures and Materials, 2015
Applied Mechanics and Materials, 2014. 553: p. 539-544
Arabian Journal for Science and Engineering, 2015