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., et al.
[4] Shehata, A.Y., El Damatty, A.A.
[6] Hoxey R., Robertson A., Toy N., et al.

El-Shazly: J.
Al-Khademy, R.
Al-Zuky: J.

Gafsi and El-Sherif discussed FBG transverse load characteristics based on the effective refractive index change and the reflection peak was splited into two parts[3].Aiping Zhang and others analysed the FBG transverse compression characteristics using vector equation with the coupled mode analysis method[4].
Valente et al . .
[4] Aiping Zhang , Bai Ou Guan , Xiaoming Tao et al. .Experimental and theoretical analysis of fiber Bragg gratings under lateral compression[J] .

References [1] Kumar et al, “Optimization of pulsed TIG welding process parameters on mechanical properties of AA 5456 Aluminum alloy weldments” Materials and Design 30 (2009) 1288–1297 [2] Ajit Khatter et al, “Optimization of Process Parameter in TIG Welding Using Taguchi of Stainless Steel-304” IJRMET Vol. 4, Issue 1, Nov 2013 - Apri l 2014 [3] M.
Balasubramanian et al, “Effect of process parameters of pulsed current tungsten inert gas welding on weld pool geometry of titanium welds”, Acta Metall.
Vol.23 No.4 pp312-320 August 2010 [4] Arun Narayanan et al, “Influence of Gas Tungsten Arc Welding Parameters in Aluminium 5083 Alloy”, International Journal of Engineering Science and Innovative Technology (IJESIT) Volume 2, Issue 5, September 2013 [5] Indira Rani M et al, “ Effect of Pulsed Current Tig Welding Parameters on Mechanical Properties of J-Joint Strength of Aa6351”, The International Journal of Engineering And Science (IJES) Volume 1 Issue 1 Pages 01-05 Nov 2012 ISSN: 2319–1813 ISBN: 2319–1805 [6] P.
El Metwally “Effect of Shot Peening on High Cycling Fatigue of Al 2024-T4” , International Conference on Advanced Materials Engineering vol.15 (2011) [8] B.J.
SolisRomero “Optimisation of the fatigue resistance of 2024-T351 aluminium alloys by controlled shot peening—methodology, results and analysis” , International Journal of Fatigue, Vol. 26, 2004, pp 849–856 [11] Ivo Cerny “Growth and retardation of physically short fatigue cracks in an aircraft Al-alloy after shot peening”, Journal of Procedia Engineering Vol. 10 ,2011 pp 3411–3416 [12] Harold Luong, Michael R.

Gulyaev et al. have proposed a discussion on the stability of the different types of carbides forming in HSS based on the atomic layer filling of each element [1].
El-Rakayby, B.
El-Dasher, A.

El-Jazairi, Chemical reactions in magnesia-phosphate cements.
Singh, High strength phosphate cement using industrial byproduct ashes, Proceedings of First international conference, ed Azizinannini, A. et al., pub.
El-Jazairi, The effect of retarders on the microstructure and mechanical properties of magnesia-phosphate cement mortar.

Kadam et al. (2000) had reported that rice straw ash generally contains 75% SiO2, 10% K2O, 3% P2O5, 3% Fe2O3, 1.3% CaO, and smaller amounts of Mg, S and Na [1].
El-Midany, M.
El-Barawy, “Preparation of silica nanoparticles from semi-burned rice straw ash”, Powder Technology, 185, 31-35. (2008)

El-Shayed [16] evaluated the effect of the substitution with Cr 3+ on the structure, density and particle size of Ni-Zn ferrites prepared by the conventional oxide mixing method and sintered at 1250ºC in air atmosphere.
Kuznetsov et al. [17] investigated the effect of Cr 3+ on lithium ferrites obtained by self-propagating high-temperature synthesis (SHS), and found that chromium had a beneficial effect, improving their microstructural and magnetic properties.
El-Sayed: Ceramics International Vol. 28 (2002), p 651

The in-plane mechanical properties such as longitudinal modus, EL, transverse modulus, ET, longitudinal strength, σL, transverse strength, σT, major Poisson's ratio, νLT, shear modulus, GLT, and shear strength, τLT, were determined through a series of coupon tests by following the procedure recommended in ASTM D 3410/D 3410M-93 and ASTM D 5379/D 5379M-93.
Table 1 Mechanical properties EL [GPa] ET [GPa] σL [MPa] σT [MPa] νLT GLT [GPa] τLT [MPa] E-glass/Vinylester 22.7 13.0 358.5 162.0 0.31 4.4 95.1 E-glass/Polyester (flange) 31.0 N/A 464.6 N/A 0.28 5.0 89.6 E-glass/Polyester (web) 21.8 N/A 348.9 N/A 0.30 5.0 110.0 Experimental Investigation A total of seventeen specimens were tested to investigate the flexural-torsional buckling behavior of pultruded T-shapes under axial compression.
The experimental buckling load (Pexp) was determined by taking the intersection point of the two lines extrapolating the upper and lower linear regions of load-lateral displacement curve as described by Hoff et al. [3].

Previous work by Santos, et al [3] showed that low roughness, smooth titanium nitride layers with no cracking can be produced onto titanium substrates by laser gas nitriding through controlling laser and processing parameters.
The energy per line, El, is calculated as El = Pav/v, where Pav is the average power and v is the laser scanning speed.