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Online since: January 2026
Authors: Ada S. Rodriguez, Brenda Pineda, Mauricio Canales
Results showed a 20% to 30% decrease in formwork assembly and disassembly time, along with an over 80% reduction in wood consumption.
On the one hand, empirical tests and calculations were carried out to obtain objective data on the physical and mechanical properties of the material.
The results obtained were systematized and analyzed using simple descriptive statistics (percentages, averages, comparative reduction).
Spreadsheets were used to consolidate data on times, quantities of wood saved, production costs, and durability.
This was essential to obtain accurate and comparable data.
On the one hand, empirical tests and calculations were carried out to obtain objective data on the physical and mechanical properties of the material.
The results obtained were systematized and analyzed using simple descriptive statistics (percentages, averages, comparative reduction).
Spreadsheets were used to consolidate data on times, quantities of wood saved, production costs, and durability.
This was essential to obtain accurate and comparable data.
Online since: May 2014
Authors: Thidarat Cotanont, Chalong Buaphan, Kamonporn Kromkhun
Single well pump test data from 17 wells in the Phu Phan aquifer (30-120 m depth) were analyzed to obtain transmissivity (T) and K.
Required data are the discharge, Q, a set of drawdowns, s, and times, t, from the start of pumping.
From the measurement data, we obtained a set of pairs of s and t.
The values of K were evaluated from these data using the Jacob method as mention above.
The empirical probability [6], Fs, was calculated by Fs = m/(n+1), m is rank of data, and n is number of data.
Required data are the discharge, Q, a set of drawdowns, s, and times, t, from the start of pumping.
From the measurement data, we obtained a set of pairs of s and t.
The values of K were evaluated from these data using the Jacob method as mention above.
The empirical probability [6], Fs, was calculated by Fs = m/(n+1), m is rank of data, and n is number of data.
Online since: June 2014
Authors: Sergey Malopheyev, Rustam Kaibyshev, Vladislav Kulitskiy
After a reduction of 80%, minor part of GNBs acquires high-angle misorientation.
At the same time the YS in the transverse direction tends to increase with increasing reduction from 60 to 80%.
However, there are a limited number of studies dealt with the effect of rolling reduction on anisotropy of these alloys.
The G component is essentially stable at all reductions.
These data supports the basic idea of the formation of α-fiber extended from G to B components (Fig.3e) that deformation banding is essential for the development of the brass-type texture, because it requires the relaxation of a constraint that is not allowed within areas with uniform distribution of lattice dislocations [15].
At the same time the YS in the transverse direction tends to increase with increasing reduction from 60 to 80%.
However, there are a limited number of studies dealt with the effect of rolling reduction on anisotropy of these alloys.
The G component is essentially stable at all reductions.
These data supports the basic idea of the formation of α-fiber extended from G to B components (Fig.3e) that deformation banding is essential for the development of the brass-type texture, because it requires the relaxation of a constraint that is not allowed within areas with uniform distribution of lattice dislocations [15].
Online since: August 2020
Authors: Jirapracha Thampiriyanon, Piamsak Laokhen, Kitti Laungsakulthai, Siam Thongnak, Sakhob Khumkoa
Data augmentation is a technique that enables the diversity of data applied to training dataset images in order to prevent network from overfitting and memorizing the exact details from very limited number of datasets [6, 13,14] by randomly rotation (horizontally or vertically flipped).
From the result we can confirm that data augmentation can help network get a small increase of their accuracy by enabling diversity of training data and the classification accuracy obtained from BSE images higher than SE images.
Training progress of the best approach, DenseNet201 with data augmentation, shows the plot of accuracy curve of and loss curve against iteration.
Confusion matrix of the best approach, DenseNet201 with data augmentation, shows the number of samples for each class predicted by system.
A survey on Image Data Augmentation for Deep Learning, Journal of Big Data, Vol. 6 no.60 (2019).
From the result we can confirm that data augmentation can help network get a small increase of their accuracy by enabling diversity of training data and the classification accuracy obtained from BSE images higher than SE images.
Training progress of the best approach, DenseNet201 with data augmentation, shows the plot of accuracy curve of and loss curve against iteration.
Confusion matrix of the best approach, DenseNet201 with data augmentation, shows the number of samples for each class predicted by system.
A survey on Image Data Augmentation for Deep Learning, Journal of Big Data, Vol. 6 no.60 (2019).
Online since: October 2011
Authors: Sheng Jun Liu, Xiao Fei Kang, Jia Yong Hu
Conditions of the surrounding environment is improved .The data show that after incineration, the volume of sludge can be reduced up to 90%[[]Zhou Xiahai .
Meanwhile researchers also apply multiple technologies to achieve better reduction effect of sludge.
Sludge reduction effect can reach 50% to 80%.
So it formed a sludge reduction process the effect of OSA.
So it can separate the cellular catabolism and anabolism of mutual, accomplishing the sludge reduction [[]Zhong Xianbo,Ye Fenxia. study on the reduction technique of remaining sludge Aerobic - precipitation - hypoxia (OSA), Environmental science, 2006,24(6):26-28. ].
Meanwhile researchers also apply multiple technologies to achieve better reduction effect of sludge.
Sludge reduction effect can reach 50% to 80%.
So it formed a sludge reduction process the effect of OSA.
So it can separate the cellular catabolism and anabolism of mutual, accomplishing the sludge reduction [[]Zhong Xianbo,Ye Fenxia. study on the reduction technique of remaining sludge Aerobic - precipitation - hypoxia (OSA), Environmental science, 2006,24(6):26-28. ].
Online since: November 2014
Authors: Lin Su, Kai Jun Wang, Jin Hu, Luan Liu, Yu Tian Wang
The sub-micrometre size platinum particles via chemical reduction of hexachloroplatinic acid in aqueous solution was investigated by UV-Visible Spectroscopy, Transmission Electron Microscopy, X-ray diffraction and FTIR Spectroscopy.
The most popular route to prepare Pt particles is chemical liquid phase reduction of Pt salts [8,9].
Hydrazine hydrate [10], sodium citrate [11], and ascorbic acid [12-14] are often used as reduction.
The mechanism of the protection of PVP-K30 by which was used for stabilizing the platinum particles via chemical reduction of N2H4·H2O in aqueous solution was investigated by UV-Visible Spectroscopy (TU1901) and FTIR Spectroscopy (TENSOR27).
The electron diffraction pattern of the particles indicating that they were composed of platinum metal for the peaks position were consistent with the crystal datum of the platinum phase [18] and the significant broad peaks for such large particles provided an indication that the metal particles may be assemblies of much small Pt entities.
The most popular route to prepare Pt particles is chemical liquid phase reduction of Pt salts [8,9].
Hydrazine hydrate [10], sodium citrate [11], and ascorbic acid [12-14] are often used as reduction.
The mechanism of the protection of PVP-K30 by which was used for stabilizing the platinum particles via chemical reduction of N2H4·H2O in aqueous solution was investigated by UV-Visible Spectroscopy (TU1901) and FTIR Spectroscopy (TENSOR27).
The electron diffraction pattern of the particles indicating that they were composed of platinum metal for the peaks position were consistent with the crystal datum of the platinum phase [18] and the significant broad peaks for such large particles provided an indication that the metal particles may be assemblies of much small Pt entities.
Online since: August 2013
Authors: Mahmoud M. Tash, S. Alkahtani
Statistical Design of Experiments (DOE)
Statistical design of experiments (DOE) is a widely known experimentation technique used in such cases, where experiments are carried out to determine the effect of an independent variable on a dependent variable and the relationship between them, using a regression model based on the experimental data.
Fig. 3(a, b) show the Normal Probability plot and Pareto chart of the standardized effects for the hardness data having a confidence level of 95%.
Fig. 3 (c, d) show the main effects plot for the mean values of hardness (HB) data in terms of Cold work prior SHT (CWBSHT), Cold work after SHT (CWASHT), Pre-aging Temperature (PA T0C), Pre-aging time (PA t h), Aging temperature (AT0C), Aging time (At h), Cold work after Aging treatment (CWAAT), Annealing Temperature (An.T0C) and Annealing Time (An.t min).
(2) (a) (b) (c) (d) (e) (f) Fig. 3 Factorial and ANOVA Plots (main effect plot and interaction effect plot) (a, b) Normal Probability plot and Pareto chart of the standardized effects for the hardness data having a confidence level of 95%.
(e, f) Interaction plot for the mean values of hardness (HV) data.
Fig. 3(a, b) show the Normal Probability plot and Pareto chart of the standardized effects for the hardness data having a confidence level of 95%.
Fig. 3 (c, d) show the main effects plot for the mean values of hardness (HB) data in terms of Cold work prior SHT (CWBSHT), Cold work after SHT (CWASHT), Pre-aging Temperature (PA T0C), Pre-aging time (PA t h), Aging temperature (AT0C), Aging time (At h), Cold work after Aging treatment (CWAAT), Annealing Temperature (An.T0C) and Annealing Time (An.t min).
(2) (a) (b) (c) (d) (e) (f) Fig. 3 Factorial and ANOVA Plots (main effect plot and interaction effect plot) (a, b) Normal Probability plot and Pareto chart of the standardized effects for the hardness data having a confidence level of 95%.
(e, f) Interaction plot for the mean values of hardness (HV) data.
Online since: October 2013
Authors: Jian Feng Li, Xiang Li Zhao, Li Xin Gao
According to internal sensor of blast furnace low life and high maintenance costs, proposed an indirect diagnostic method that can take advantage of the upper gearbox vibration sensors to collect data to analyze the lower gear box failure.
Analysis of the data collected by the vibration monitoring system measuring pointA2, the time-domain waveform is shown in Fig. 2.
Carry out the wavelet noise reduction processing for the original signal.
To electe the best results of the noise reduction effect, signal-to-noise ratio as the main criteria, take the largest group of the signal-to-noise ratio as the final noise reduction results.
Conclusion Diagnosis of low speed and heavy equipment, in particular the fault diagnosis of vibration signal of the blast furnace gearbox, low-speed parts of the lower drive chain failure will cause the superior drive train high-speed parts transmission instability, the data collected in the upper gearbox high-speed part of the measuring point will arise in fault characteristic frequency of the low-speed parts.
Analysis of the data collected by the vibration monitoring system measuring pointA2, the time-domain waveform is shown in Fig. 2.
Carry out the wavelet noise reduction processing for the original signal.
To electe the best results of the noise reduction effect, signal-to-noise ratio as the main criteria, take the largest group of the signal-to-noise ratio as the final noise reduction results.
Conclusion Diagnosis of low speed and heavy equipment, in particular the fault diagnosis of vibration signal of the blast furnace gearbox, low-speed parts of the lower drive chain failure will cause the superior drive train high-speed parts transmission instability, the data collected in the upper gearbox high-speed part of the measuring point will arise in fault characteristic frequency of the low-speed parts.
Online since: February 2011
Authors: Yong Lin Kang, Yang Hua Li, Gong Ming Long, Pi An Deng, Sheng Zhi Li, Yuan De Yin
Front tension, especially back tension can cause rolling force certain degree reduction.
The wall thickness reductions of the former are nearly 5% more than that of the latter in the first and second stand, which results in an obvious increase on force parameters.
Transverse wall thickness precision In order to increase the reliability of data of distribution of transverse wall thickness, simulated workpiece should pass through the last stand a longer distance to keep up the stability of continuous-rolling status.
Data processing method was introduced in detail in Ref. [8].
Diameter increment reduction of rolled hollow tube is not obvious on the condition that front and back tension are small.
The wall thickness reductions of the former are nearly 5% more than that of the latter in the first and second stand, which results in an obvious increase on force parameters.
Transverse wall thickness precision In order to increase the reliability of data of distribution of transverse wall thickness, simulated workpiece should pass through the last stand a longer distance to keep up the stability of continuous-rolling status.
Data processing method was introduced in detail in Ref. [8].
Diameter increment reduction of rolled hollow tube is not obvious on the condition that front and back tension are small.
Online since: June 2010
Authors: Paul Koltun, Ambalavanar Tharumarajah
It provides the basic life cycle impact
data on REEs for ascertaining the environmental impact of intermediate and final products that use
them [3].
The last part models the subsequent reduction of individual REOs to produce REEs.
Nominal representative data is used in this study.
The data have been sourced from review of technological processes [5-8], environmental data pertaining to materials and chemicals from LCA databases in SimaPro [9], and combined with modelling and estimation.
The environmental impacts from reduction of only those RE elements used in Mg-RE alloys are considered in this study.
The last part models the subsequent reduction of individual REOs to produce REEs.
Nominal representative data is used in this study.
The data have been sourced from review of technological processes [5-8], environmental data pertaining to materials and chemicals from LCA databases in SimaPro [9], and combined with modelling and estimation.
The environmental impacts from reduction of only those RE elements used in Mg-RE alloys are considered in this study.