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Materials and methods Experimental material Pineapple (Market), Casein (BR, Beijing Aoboxing Biotech Co., LTD);Acidity meter (PHS-3C, Shanghai Leici Instrument Factory);UV-Vis spectrophotometer (SP-752, Shanghai Spectrum Instruments Co., LTD);CNC super constant temperature trough (THS-15, Ningbo Tianheng Instrument Factory).
[4] Lijuan Hu: Shaanxi Forest Science and Technology. (2009), p. 20–21,25(in chinese)
Jacob: International Journal of Pharmaceutics.
Branford-White: Journal of Molecular Catalysis B: Enzymatic.
[9] Yan Wang,Lichao Zhao and Jielan Chen: Science and Technology of Food Industry. (2011) (in chinese).

China 3 College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, P.
Experiment Instrument and Materials Instrument: FT-NIR spectrometer, type: Spectrum 400, Perkin Elmer, U.S..
Materials: the winter wheat flour from Changping experimental base in Beijing, without any additives; calcium oxide and calcium hydroxide (A.R.).
Cuq: Journal of Cereal Science, 2008, 48: 678 – 685
[12] Cecilia Shiroma and Luis Rodriguez-Saona: Journal of Food Composition and Analysis, 2009, 22: 596 – 605.

Drucker-Prager/Cap plasticity constitutive law There are various constitutive equations implemented in ABAQUS for different materials [9, 21, 22].
Adeeb, Systematic literature review of the application of extended finite element method in failure prediction of pipelines, Journal of Pipeline Science and Engineering. 1(2) (2021) 241-251
Shahzamanian, Shock wave propagation in micro-mechanics based Representative Volume Element of cement paste, Materials Today Communications. 25 (2020) 101559
Takahashi, Tire and Science and Technology [J]. (2000)
Shahzamanian, Implementation of a rate dependent tensile failure model for brittle materials in ABAQUS, International Journal of Impact Engineering. 97 (2016) 127-147

The K2O-SiO2 of products was from zone A to zones B and C when temperatur increased. at the same temperature conditions,  with expermental time extended, the more biomass was combusted with bed materials, the products in the zone A to zones I, Hand K, When the eutectics was increased to a certain degree, it will lead to defluidized.
High temperature promoting bed material particles and biomass ash melt and adhesion, a part of soild phase transfored to liquid phase, low melting point material was generated from the combustion process lead to the phase transformation on the surface of bed materials  was a main reason for the defluidization.
Bed materials transformed from solid phase to melt layer on the surface, the eutectics mainly contains potassium.
Chemical Engineering Journal. 96(2003) 171-185
Journal of Engineering Thermophysics, Chinese. 31(2010)511-514

It’s an important strategic material of the equipment manufacturing industry.
In case that, the specification and weigh of heavy duty machine tools required is on the rise, and the consumption and occupation of material resources is fast growing.
Journal of Cleaner Production, 2009:11 (1): 11-21 [4] Sakai, T.
The 16th CIRP international design seminar: design& innovation for a sustainable society, Kananaskis, Alberta, Canada: 2006:448-455 [7] Qiang Cheng, Guojun Zhang, Zhifeng Liu, Peihua Gu, Ligang Cai.A structure-based approach to evaluation product adaptability in adaptable design[J]．Journal of Mechanical Science and Technology 2011, 25 (5):1081-1094
Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers Part B-Journal of Engineering Manufacture, 2009,223(11):1367-1387    [9] Shana Smith, Chao-ChingYen.

In this prestented method, the cement-based grouting material (CGM) is suggested to be used.
Tian: Journal of Highway and Transportion, Vo. 26 (2013), p. 121 (in Chinese) [2] Y.
Chen: Journal of Chongqing Jiaotong University (Natural Science), Vo. 30 (2011), p. 1 (in Chinese) [3] Y.
Yu: China Journal of Highway and Transportion, Vo. 24 (2011), p. 29 (in Chinese) [5] X.
Yu: China Journal of Central South University (Science and Technoloty), Vo. 44 (2013), p. 3378 (in Chinese) [6] Y.

This study of metal removal focuses on the characteristics of materials, of tools, and machine parameter settings, in order to get the minimum machining cost, tool cost and tool replacement cost under different constraints.
· The dt value indicates the depth of material to be removed
Mechanical Engineering Letters, Szent István University, Technical-Scientific Journal of the Mechanical Engineering Faculty, Hungary, 2 (2009), pp. 139-145
Chen, Optimization of multipass turning operations with genetic algorithms: A note, The International Journal of Production Research, Volume 41, Issue 14, pp. 3385-3388, 2003
Abachizadeh, Optimizing Turning Parameters for Cylindrical Parts Using Simulated Annealing Method, World Academy of Science, Engineering and Technology 22 (2008), pp. 436-439

We mainly study the damage of rock mass caused by excavating and unloading without support, such as quality deterioration, decrease of material-parameters, etc
Acknowledgements This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 51009083), Hubei Provincial Department of Education Science Research Project (Q20101201) and the Foundation of China Three Gorges University (Grant No.
Back analysis on rock mechanics parameters for highway tunnel by BP neural network method [J], Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering, 2004, 23 (6): 941-945, in Chinese
BP Neural Networks Applied to Displacement Back-Analysis for Two-Arch Tunnel, Journal of Shanghai University (Natural Science), 2005, 11 (3): 293-302, in Chinese
Study of Prediction in Surrounding Rock Pressure [J], Chinese Journal of Underground Space and Engineering, 2009, 5 (2): 273-276

The formation of fouling is not only the integrated process of momentum, energy and mass transfer, but also the integrated process of chemical kinetics, salt solution in water, the corrosion of materials and the propagation of microorganisms, et al.
The arc pipe material used is stainless steel.
Acknowledgment This project Supported by the National Basic Research Program (973 Program) (2007CB206904) and National Natural Science Foundation of China (51076025) References [1] Yang Shanrang, Xu Zhiming, Sun Lingfang, “Heat transfer equipment, fouling and strategy”, 2nd ed., Beijing: Science Press, 2004, pp. 10-12 [2] Fan Shaosheng, Wang Yaonan, “Prediction of Fouling in Condenser Based on Multi-Model Combination”, Chinese Journal of Sensors and Actuators, vol. 18, Feb. 2005, pp. 225-229 [3] Fan Shaosheng, “Gray theory based prediction for condenser fouling”, Journal of electric power science and technology, vol. 22, Feb. 2007, pp. 12-15 [4] Feng Dianyi, Fan Jia, Sun Shouren, “Research on the Real-time Prediction of the Fouling Resistance of a Waste Heat Boiler”, Journal of engineering for thermal energy and power, vol. 24, Feb. 2009, pp. 196-199 [5] Feng Dianyi, Fan Jia, Sun Shouren, “Correction and application of on-line prediction model for fouling thermal resistance”, Chemical
engineering, vol. 37, Nov. 2009, pp. 12-15 [6] Heng Shiquan, Yang Guanghua, Wu Lifeng, “Application of neural network in prediction thermal resistance of corrosion Fouling”, Total corrosion control, vol. 18, Jan. 2004, pp. 11-13 [7] Zhang Ying, Wang Yao Nan, “Prediction of condenser fouling based on locally weighted partial least squares regression algorithm”, Chinese Journal of Scientific Instrument, vol. 31.
Feb. 2010, pp. 299-304 [8] Zhao Bo, Yang Shanrang, Liu Fan, “Experimental Study on Dynamic Simulation of Cooling Water Fouling Resistance Prediction by Support Vector Machine”, vol. 30, Nov. 2010, pp. 92-97 [9] Xu Zhiming, Yang Shanrang, Sun Lingfang, “Experimental investigation on the fouling characteristics of corrugated tube”, Journal of engineering thermophysics, vol. 22, Mar. 2001, pp. 477-480 Figure.1 Curve of principal components and Qh Table III Part of the prediction results test pipe or (m2·kw-1)×10-4 relative errors (%) (m2·kw-1)×10-4 relative errors(%) experimental data (m2·kw-1)×10-4 test pipe A 1.708 0.77 1.791 5.67 1.695 1.638 1.16 1.634 0.92 1.619 1.604 6.19 1.849 8.13 1.710 1.712 2.66 1.867 6.15 1.759 1.859 0.16 2.070 11.53 1.856 1.674 2.59 1.982 15.33 1.719 1.872 5.85 1.790 9.98 1.989 test pipe B 3.066 6.50 1.875 34.87 2.879 3.586 4.14 3.034 11.89 3.444 3.233 6.86 2.487 17.80 3.026 3.226 2.83 2.767 11.80 3.137 3.643 3.36 3.309 6.12 3.525 3.370 3.43 2.791

They are associated with plastic deformation in ductile materials, and could be detected during machine operation [4-5].
Vahaviolos: Acoustic Emission: Standards and Technology Update, [ASTM] American Society for Testing and Materials (1st Edn.
Alpha Science International Ltd 2007)
Advanced Materials Research.
Modern Applied Science.