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Therefore, the lifetime of mill balls is the most important factors to determine productivity and efficiency in the pulverization process.
After the adequate alloy design without Mo, the Taguchi and RSM analyses were utilized for obtaining an exact understanding of the effects of heat treatment parameters on the mechanical properties such as hardness and toughness, leading to the optimization of heat treatment.
Taguchi and RSM methods [2], which remarkably reduce the extents of experiments, were applied for statistical and quantitative analysis of the effect of the heat treatment parameters on mechanical properties and for optimization of the parameters.
Destabilization temperature and time, and tempering temperature and time were selected as heat treatment process parameters (factors).
The levels of the factors were selected based on the heat-treating parameters presently adapted at high-Cr white cast iron foundries, as given in Table 1.

The internal (structural) factors, affecting the PLC effect, are: chemical constitution and phase composition of the material, crystalline structure (mono- or polycrystalline), grain size and state of precipitations (shape and morphology).
The external (mechanical) factors are: temperature and strain rate, deformation environment as well as state and development of the material.
The results of investigations on the mechanical properties after a tensile test have been shown in Table 2.
Results of the mechanical properties of copper alloys CCNB, CB4, CNCS, CNP and CW106C after tensile test at elevated temperature No.
Ozgowicz: Influence of plastic deformation temperature on the structure and mechanical properties of low-alloy copper alloys with Co, Ni and B.

In this work, mechanical properties at high temperatures and microstructures of a NAB alloy were investigated.
The mechanical properties at high temperatures in form of the plastic flow curves of the NAB alloy were characterized by a deformation dilatometer.
Thus, forming temperature is an important factor affecting the mechanical properties of the forged parts [9].
Mechanical properties of the NAB material before and after the annealing process were characterized.
Results and Discussions Table 2 Mechanical properties of as-cast and annealed NAB Mechanical properties Yield strength (MPa) Tensile strength (MPa) elongation (%) Hardness (HV) NAB (as cast) 175.4 682.4 19.3 180 NAB (annealed) 317.3 682.5 22.7 175 Table 2 shows the mechanical properties of the as-cast NAB and heat-treated NAB (annealed at 675°C).

In this paper, the trace amounts of micro-alloying elements, Zr and Sc, have been added in the Al-Mg alloys, in order to study the effects of Zr and Sc on the recrystallization behavior and mechanisms affecting the strength, welding properties, microstructure evolution, and provide theoretical and experimental basis for micro-alloying technology application in the Al-Mg alloy sheets.
The mechanical properties of all studied stabilized alloys sheets and FSW weld joints were evaluated by room temperature tensile tests.
Friction stir welding properties.
The mechanical properties of base material and welded joint are shown in Table 2.
This was generated by welding temperature field and welding heat input, and hence to ensure the strain strengthening effect, and then improve the mechanical properties of welding joints.

A variety of criteria for failure assessment such as crack-growth-typed failure and material-degradation-typed failure criterion require mechanical properties (flow properties, residual stress and fracture toughness) of target material in order to be carried out the quantitative and accurate assessment.
Since conventional methods for mechanical properties cannot be applied to in-service structures due to their destructive nature, instrumented indentation technique (IIT) was adopted to evaluate in-situ material properties of them.
Indentation-Derived Mechanical Properties Derivation of Tensile Properties Extracting Representative Stress and Strain The contact mean pressure, Pm is expressed as: 2 max a L Pm π = (1) where Lmax is indentation load and a is contact radius obtained from indentation curve analysis [1].
Experimental Procedures To verify the indentation algorithm for flow properties, the natural gas transmission pipe was made by welding API X65 steel plates.
The flow properties from instrumented indentation testing are summarized below.

The main tendencies of the optimisation of properties of HSLA steels are a decrease in the content of alloying elements; an increase in the number of combinations of microalloying elements; a decrease in the content of impurities in the form of carbon, hydrogen, nitrogen, oxygen residual elements like sulphur and phosphorus; improvement of the homogeneity, improvement of level of mechanical properties.
The mechanical properties of any weldment depend on its chemical composition; microstructures of weld metal which further depend upon solidification history and post-weld heat treatment.
During SAW, weld-metal chemistry is determined mainly by welding consumables and operating variables, other secondary factors being joint design, heat input of welding and weld thermal history [16, 17].
Generally, in SAW, the mechanisms are primarily affected by three factors: dilution of weld pool by the base plate [18-21], environmental contamination [22-25] and the transfer of elements to or from the slag [19,21,26].
Majumdar: Combined effect of flux and welding parameters on chemical composition and mechanical properties of submerged arc weld metal, Journal of Materials Processing Technology, vol. 171, (2006), p. 223–231

This investigation aims to determine the physical-mechanical properties of lightweight bidirectional sandwich-like composite wall panels made of bamboo (Dendrocalamus asper), melina (Gmelina arborea) and balsa (Ochroma pyramidale).
Compensation factors (CF) were calculated from the FEA results to adjust the experimental results due to non-uniform stress distribution (see Table 1).
From the FEA results, it was defined compensation factors (e.g. equal to 1,06 and 1,02 for compression and bending, respectively) that allowed adjusting the corresponding mechanical properties acquired from the experimental results (see Table 1).
[8] ASTM C393, Standard Test Method for Core Shear Properties of Sandwich Constructions by Beam Flexure, United States of America, 2011
[10] ASTM C273, Standard Test Method For Shear Properties of Sandwich Core Materials, United States of America, 2000

Introduction Static tensile test is basic method that is used to evaluate the mechanical properties of many construction materials.
Factors affecting the tensile properties in case of polymer composites are various, such as the nature of matrix and filler, compatibility between them, technology and conditions of materials processing, the dispersion or distribution of filler/fibers in matrix, as well as interfacial structure and morphology, etc. [2-5].
The results obtained in the study confirmed variation of mechanical properties for various coating materials depend on their chemical composition.
It was confirmed in testing of mechanical properties of EP-1 after conditioning at 80oC.
Roylance, Mechanical properties of materials, MIT 2008 [2] J.

Many works have been conducted to produce bulk materials with superior properties, however when it concerns wear properties, surface modification is preferable.
For example, laser surface melting (LSM) technique has been widely used to improve surface properties of alloys for improving hardness, corrosion and wear properties [2].
The factors and factors levels are summarized in Table 2.
Table 2: Factors and factor levels.
All factors were significant with non-significant lack of fit.

Now, the number of interfaces also increase as the particle size decreases and these interfaces become the dominating factors in contribute to the mechanical-, electrical-, and other properties.
Correspondingly, it becomes imperative to device solute drag effects on the microstructural development and affecting the resulting properties.
Table 4: Factors affecting grain growth kinetics for CNT - alumina during plasma spraying.
Table 5: Factors affecting grain growth kinetics for plasma sprayed alumina-CNT during hot isostatic pressing.
Wachtman, in: Mechanical and thermal properties of ceramics NBS Washington: NBS Special Publication Washington (1963)