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STEP-Tools company indicates that: After STEP-NC was used, there will be 35% reduction in time for job shop to set up machining job, 75% reduction in time for OEM to prepare data for job shop and 50% reduction in machining time[2].
The objects in this case are manufacturing features and their associated process data.
The STEP-NC data consists of instances of entities.
Fig.1 shows the STEP-NC data model[5].
A Framework for an Intelligent CNC and Data Model[J].

The experimental apparatus consisted of an Instron servohydraulic materials test machine, a data acquisition system, Kyowa MCG-6, and a microcomputer with LabView software.
The guidelines established in ASTM Standard E739 [7], have been followed to generate the linear logarithmic SN curve, as expressed in Eq.1 from the test data
The evaluation of the experimental test data was taken with a confidence level of 95.4%.
Service life as a function of the selected SN curve Conclusions The proposed test methodology was used to detect the influence of CO2 partial pressure on the fatigue resistance of tensile armor wires and was seen as a useful tool to generate design data for pipes designed to operate with fluids presenting high concentrations of CO2.The reduction in service life, calculated as a result of CO2 partial pressure, should not be disregarded for design purposes and the incorporation of experimental data in design tools enhances the reliability of the riser systems.
[7] ASTM Standard E739, in: Standard Practice for Statistical Analysis of Linear or Linearized Stress-Life (S-N) and Strain – Life (ε-N) Fatigue Data (2004)

Effect of acoustic pads' different dynamic stiffness on the reduction of impact sound level Ing.
During manufacture of elastified polystyrene (it means polystyrene with positive influence on impact sound reduction) are used different production processes in comparison with conventional expanded polystyrene (EPS).
In comparison with conventional used materials enables reduction of the total thickness of the floor.
[6] Technical data sheets.
Information on http://www.litepodlahy-zlin.cz/data/files/Akuizol.pdf, http://www.isover.cz/en/technical-data-sheets, http://www.isover.cz/technicke-listy, http://www.pavatex.co.uk/en/products/floor/pavapor/, http://www.rockwool.cz/technicka-podpora/prospekty-a-technicke-listy [7] MCMULLAN, Randall.

The generated analytical data can be related to the mechanical properties of the sintered steels if the size of the specimen is large enough.
For both reduction processes, the main product is CO as indicated by mass 28.
In hydrogen the reduction mechanism is slightly different (Fig. 1b).
The reduction of the surface oxides occurs at fairly low temperatures (Fig. 4b).
The reduction processes of surface and internal oxides can be distinguished.

In the present study we attempted a 20% reduction of CEMI 42.5R (by total mass of solids) by adding 20% of limestone filler and subsequently added 1% of colloidal nanosilica, aiming (i) at leveraging strength loss due to the reduction of Portland cement, (ii) at providing early strength and (iii) at enhancing the microstructure.
In this research it was revealed that nanosilica particles improved early age strength by engaging in reactions during the initial setting, building additional calcium-silicate-aluminate, the backbone of cement [7], improved microstructure since nanosilica acted as nano-fillers, improving packing and counterbalanced the anticipated strength reduction due to the reduction in clinker, in certain cases providing even higher values compared to the control formulation.
• Corundum sand 0/4mm • Powdered corundum sand 0/2mm • Superplasticizer SP • Nanosilica (nS): Colloidal amorphous nS particles in an aqueous suspension With respect to the industrial nanosilica, according to the Technical Data Sheet it contains about 30% by mass of nS particles.
This was partly attributed to the large quantities of superplasticizers used and the 20% reduction of Portland cement.
c) The present results are very promising with respect to Portland cement reduction if early age strength gain is not a prerequisite.

Reduction of Process Chemicals and Energy Use in Single-Wafer Process Applications Jim Snow1,a*, Charles Miller1,b, Rey Tanaka1,c, Jun Shibukawa2,d, Nukui Hiroki2,e, Yamamoto Tetsuya2,f, Hayashi Masayuki1,g, Shibayama Nobuyuki2,h and Endo Toru2,i 1SCREEN SPE USA, LLC, 3151 Jay Street, Suite 210, Santa Clara, CA 95054, U.S.A. 2SCREEN Semiconductor Solutions Co., Ltd., 480-1, Takamiya-cho, Hikone, Shiga 522-0292, Japan ajim.snow@screen-spe.com, bcharles.miller@screen-spe.com, crey.tanaka@screen-spe.com, dsibukawa@screen.co.jp, enukui@screen.co.jp, ft.yamamoto@screen.co.jp, gwada.hayashi@screen-spe.com, hshibayama@screen.co.jp, iendo@screen.co.jp Keywords: Sustainability, recycle, reclaim, UPW, SPM, ozone.
The reduction of water through use of dilute chemistries [3,4] and recycling of wafer rinse water [5,6] has previously been reported.
Since wet cleaning accounts for a significant percentage of all processes, reduction of UPW and SPM presents an opportunity for engineered solutions to improve the efficiency of UPW and chemical use.
Figure 2: 80°C Temperature stability performance data.
Resist strip and >26-nm particle performance of the reclaimed SPM was demonstrated to be equivalent to single-pass SPM, and 70% reduction of SPM volume has been realized at customer sites worldwide [9,12].

Introduction With the rapid development of computer and communication technologies, vast volume of video data are generated increasingly and spread fast, so how to manage such a huge amount of video contents has become an urgent problem[1].
Video summarization is an indispensable tool of any practical video content management system in large volume video data[2].
RS is a novel and powerful tool introduced by Pawlak et al for data analysis.
CONCLUSIONS Conventional video summarization extraction technologies have deficiency of low efficiency and redundant data.
Then RS theory is introduced to data reduction.

Onikura et al. [2, 3] found that the use of ultrasonic vibration reduces the friction between chip and rake face, resulting thinner chips which lead to the reduction of cutting forces.
Tawakoli et al [8,9] demonstrated that in ultrasonic assisted dressing of CBN grinding wheels, considerable reduction in grinding forces and dresser wear is achievable.
Fig. 2 Ground surface vc=60 m/s vft=1000 mm/min ae=200 µm In order to achieve reliable data each test was repeated 4 times.
In all the figures, lines were formed by calculating the least-squares fit through the data points for a second-order polynomial equation.
• Comparative experiments of the grinding forces demonstrated up to 40% reduction in normal grinding force for the workpieces machined with superimposed ultrasonic vibration.

At slow start and congestion avoidance phase, TCP-HW adopts a radical congestion window (cwnd) growth policy to eliminate the low data transmission rate bring by long RTT as Hybla does.
The amount of data send to the network is mostly determined by the congestion control algorithm in TCP protocol.
Thus, on the one hand, when there is no packet loss, the long RTT connection can obtain the same data transmission rate as the short RTT connection and performs as Hybla; on the other hand, when packet loss occurs, the cwnd would be reset in accordance with the estimated available bandwidth which avoids the excessively reduction of cwnd due to high BER.
The sample of bandwidth is Bk=Dk /RTT, where Dk is the data acknowledged in one RTT.
Since the amount of data send to the network is determined by the minimum of cwnd and the advertised window, the advertised window is set to 10BDP during the simulation.

In today's Internet, there are large amounts of data spreading over many physical distributed nodes which makes it impractical to send all the data to one central node for query processing.
Suppose the data stream S is divided into m sub-streams S1,S2,…,Sm.
Let's use the reduction to absurdity to prove its correctness.
Let's use the reduction to absurdity to prove its correctness.
Manjhi, et al., Finding (recently) frequent items in distributed data streams, Proc.