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CFD modelling [8] has been utilized to study the effect of different runner[9] and gating systems.
With the recent development in computer simulation and advance numerical techniques the thermal modulus has been introduced.
Special thanks to Design and Simulation team at Foundry Service Centre for their assistance in this work, Briter Engineering Pvt.
Shepel, "Numerical simulation of filling and solidification of permanent mold castings," applied Thermal Engineering, pp. 229-248, 2002
Yeh-Liang Hsu, "Computer simulation of casting process of aluminium wheels – a case study," J.

Analysis of Thermal Airflow Process of the Annular Cooler Simulation Assumption.
Simulation Process.
(3) Settings of Fluent simulation parameter.
(4) Simulation result.
Wang: Principle and Application of CFD software (Tsinghua University Press 2004).

This book covers these topics: Acoustics and Noise Control, Aerodynamics, Applied Mechanics, Automation, Mechatronics and Robotics, Automobiles, Automotive Engineering, Ballistics, Biomechanics, Biomedical Engineering, CAD/CAM/CIM, CFD, Composite and Smart Materials, Compressible Flows, Computational Mechanics, Computational Techniques, Dynamics and Vibration, Energy Engineering and Management, Engineering Materials, Fatigue and Fracture, Fluid Dynamics, Fluid Mechanics and Machinery, Fracture, Fuels and Combustion, General mechanics, Geomechanics, Health and Safety, Heat and Mass Transfer, HVAC, Instrumentation and Control, Internal Combustion Engines, Machinery and Machine Design, Manufacturing and Production Processes, Marine System Design, Material Engineering, Material Science and Processing, Mechanical Design, Mechanical Power Engineering, Mechatronics, MEMS and Nano Technology, Multibody Dynamics, Nanomaterial Engineering, New and Renewable Energy, Noise
and Vibration, Noise Control, Non-destructive Evaluation, Nonlinear Dynamics, Oil and Gas Exploration, Operations Management, PC guided design and manufacture, Plasticity Mechanics, Pollution and Environmental Engineering, Precision mechanics, Mechatronics, Production Technology, Quality assurance and environment protection, Resistance and Propulsion, Robotic Automation and Control, Solid Mechanics, Structural Dynamics, System Dynamics and Simulation, Textile and Leather Technology, Transport Phenomena, Tribology, Turbulence and Vibrations.

Flow parallel to flat plate had been studied by former researchers with its theory and numerical simulation were quite complete.
The numerical simulation of drag coefficient at high angle of attack based on CFD (Computational Fluid Dynamic) became more and more reliable with the advanced performance of computer though there were still some deviations.
Numerical simulation of two dimensional flow about a normal flat plate based on CFD was carried out by Lisoski[3], whose results had been compared with experiment data, and also the reasons why where were deviations were illustrated.
Flow around a flat plate with Reynolds number of 2×104 and angle of attack of 18°was simulated by Breuer[4] with detached eddy simulation (DES), Reynolds-averaged Navier-Stokes (RANS) and large eddy simulation (LES), the lift and drag coefficients and Strouhal numbers simulated by above methods was compared, the unsteady RANS method of Spalart-Allmaras model could not be able to predict the characteristics of separated flow, while the DES and LES approach reasonably yielded shedding phenomenon and some integral parameters.
Numerical Simulation Method Governing equations.

Simulation on balde duct vortex in a Francis turbine runner based on S-A model Yongzhong Zeng1,a and Xiaobing Liu1,b 1School of Energy and Environment, Xihua University, Chengdu, 610039, China azyzzyzhome@163.com, bliuxb @mail.xhu.edu.cn Keywords: Spalart-Allmaras model, blade duct vortex, low specific speed, turbine Abstract.
Introduction With the rapid development of computational fluid dynamics (CFD), the using of turbulence theory to calculate the flow field in the turbine runner has become a powerful tool for the hydraulic design and performance analysis of the runner, and the calculation results have been approved by[1,2] .
Numerical Simulation of Vortex Flow in Draft Tube of Turbine 3.1 Geometric model and grid A Francis turbine with long and short blades and with the model of HLA542-LJ-130 was used for the calculation.
[2] YUAN Shouqi, HE Youshi, YUAN Jianping, et al., PIV measurements and numerical simulations of flow in centrifugal pump impellers with splitting vanes, Chinese Journal of Mechanical Engineering, 42(5) (2006), pp.60-63
Bui, A parallel finite-volume algorithm for large-eddy simulation of turbulent flows, Computer & Fluids; 2000, 29: 877-915

However, the simulation faces some difficulties.
Usually, the mishandling of grids will lead to the failure of simulation.
The computational accuracy of heat transfer in wall is of great importance to the precision of simulation.
The simulation result The first thermal boundary condition.
[2] Zhousan Cunshang:CFD and building environment design(China Architecture & Building Press, 2007)

The active control method(jet flow) by applying the CFD technology based on Scale-Adaptive Simulation(SAS) model developed from two-equation SST turbulent model is used to simulate the changing of the dynamic noise in the standard cavity M219(the ratio of the length to the depth is 5), and studied the flow character, flow field structure and noise mechanism.
The SAS framework therefore offers an interesting approach for this type of simulation.
[4] Rowley C W, Cavity Flow Control Simulations and Experiments, AIAA-2005-0292
Egorov, The Scale-Adaptive Simulation Method for Unsteady Turbulent Flow Predictions.
[8] Chang K S, Hybrid RANS/LES Simulation of Deep Cavity Flow, AIAA-2004-53

Results showed that the numerical simulation has good agreement with experiment results.
(7) Numerical Simulation of the Oil Temperature Distribution.
Oil temperature distribution by simulation Results and Discussion Experiments were conducted in a constant temperature and humidity room.
Two room temperatures were set, i.e. 28℃ and 49 ℃, for both experiment and numerical simulation.
An: A brief introduction to Fluent—a general purpose CFD code, Journal of Hydrodynamics, 16(2):254-258 (20001).

Robust Process Design for Continuous Casting Based On Numerical Simulation and Experimental Study Zuo Shilun Chongqing University of Science&Technology, Chongqing 401331, China zuoshilun@126.com Keywords: Robust Optimization, Numerical Simulation, Process Parameters, Continuous Casting Abstract.
In order to improve design efficiency and reduce design cost, a new method combining numerical simulation with experimental verification was proposed in this study.
With unceasing development of professional software technology, numerical simulation plays an important role in robust optimal design [5].
Combining numerical simulation with process trail to achieve robust optimization has been attracted more and more experts and scholars, attention.
[8] Aubin J, Fletcher D F, Xuereb C, “Modeling turbulent flow in stirred tanks with CFD:the influence of the modeling aooroach, turbulence model and numerical scheme”, Experimental Thermal and Fluid Science, Vol.28, No.5, pp.431-445, 2004.

In addition, Gabriel Salanta[7] published a study on the effect of entirely urea SCR system layout to urea-related deposits by CFD analysis and test.
CFD result for the injection atomization To ensure urea to atomize and decompose sufficiently, the diameter of the down-stream pipe should satisfy the atomization space for the urea, and the distance from injection point to opposite pipe wall should be larger than the penetration distance of the urea spray.
The result of CFD simulation about the integrated injector mountings is given in Figure 8.