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“A Comparison of Fatigue Properties of Austempered Versus Quenched and Tempered 4340 Steel,” Journal of Materials Engineering and Performance 21 (2012): 1008-1024
SAE Transactions: Journal of Materials & Manufacturing 116, (2008): 253-261
“Overview of residual stress after quenching part II: factors affecting quench residual stresses,” International Journal of Materials and Product Technology 24 (1-4), (2005): 53-97
Materials Science Forum 539-543 (2007): 4464-4469
SAE International Journal of Materials and Manufacturing 6(2), (2013): 421-430.

[6] T.Haga, K.Takahashi, H.Watari, Semisolid strip casting using a vertical type twin roll caste, Materials Science Forum, 426(2003)477-482
[7] T.Haga, Casting of Clad Strip Consisting of Al-Sn Alloy and Pure Aluminum, Materials Science Forum Volume 1007(2020)23-28
[8] T.Haga, S.Suzuki, Casting of aluminum alloy ingot for thixoforming using a cooling slope, Journal of Materials Processing and Technology, 118(2001)169-172
Kapranos, Billetless simple thixoforming process, Journal of Materials Processing and Technology, 130(2002)581-586
Kapranos, Thixoforming of laminate made from semisolid cast strips, Journal of Materials Processing and Technology, 157(2004)508-512.

Sadananda, P.S., Materials science and engineering, 1980. 43(2): p. 159-168
[6] Woodford, D.A., Energy Materials, 2013. 1(1): p. 59-79
[7] Krupp, U., International Materials Reviews, 2005. 50(2): p. 83-97
[8] Viskari, L., et al., Materials Science and Engineering: A, 2011. 528(6): p. 2570-2580
[11] Hörnqvist, M., et al., Materials Science and Engineering: A, 2014. 609: p. 131-140.

Puppala, Vicki L.Colvin, Chemistry of Materials, 2012, 24: 424-432
Materials Letters, 2006, 60:1287-1290
[4] Liu Junliang, Ye Jiamei, Liu Ping, Chen Lei, Zhang Ming, Materials Letters, 2011, 65(2): 143-145
[6] Bussarin Ksapabutr, Erdogan Gulari, Sujitra Wongkasemjit, Materials Chemistry and Physics, 2006, 99(2-3):318-324
[9] Weifan Chen, Fengsheng Li, Jiyi Yu, Materials Letters, 2006, 60:57-62.

The rubber material will present highly nonlinear.
So it will change into anisotropic material.
Orthotropic material has only three mutually orthogonal symmetry planes, which is different from isotropic materials.
Lulea University of Technology, (2002) [6] Chen Liao, Zhou Kangkang, Li Zhongxing: Journal of Mechanical engineering, Vol. 46(2010), p. 93 [7] Wu Shanyue, Huang Yingyun: Journal of Naval University of Engineering.
Vol. 13(2001), p. 94 [8] Li Fu,Fu Maohai, Huang Yunhua, Ni Wenbo: China Railway Science,Vol. 24(2003), p. 91

Using catalyst from waste materials is an advantages due to abundance, thus it helps in collection and recyclable.
Materials and Chemicals Palm oil was purchased from a store, SBPI Gombak while eggshell and coconut waste obtained from café in Mahallah International Islamic University Malaysia (IIUM).
Then, these materials were calcined in furnaces at temperatures 900°C and 800°C for 2 and 4 hours.
This process is done so as to ensure that the morphology, texture and size of raw materials are within the acceptable range.
Sanjay, Heterogeneous catalyst derived from natural resources for biodiesel production: A review, Research Journal of Chemical Sciences 2231 (2013) 606X

Also, This work is supported by a grant from the National Science Foundation of Jiangxi Province (No. 20114BAB206012).
Journal of Sound and Vibration, vol. 228(1999), p. 129-156
Journal of Sound and Vibration, vol. 234(2000): 43-66
International Journal of Solids and Structures, vol. 44(2007), p.573-586
International Journal of Solids and Structures, vol. 46(2009), p. 398–411

Materials Slope-length and Slope Steepness Factor (LS) USLE model is built for strait slope, and therefore in order to avoid concave slope in operation, filling the DEM data is rather significant; then calculating the slope length layer and the slope steepness layer to remove water surface and perennial flow with the use of employing those filled data.
Journal of Water and Soil Conservation, 1995, 9(4): 17-18.
Journal of Soil Water Conservation, 2004, 18 (5):75-79.
Journal of Safety and Environment, 2007, 7(5): 90.
Journal of Soil Water Conservation, 1992, 6(1): 69.

And try to avoid the piling up of sediment and related construction materials, otherwise, it will lead to cracks go through the slope, the deformation of the free surface increase, And cause the deformation and failure of the slope. 2.
Acknowledgements This work was financially supported by the Natural Science Foundation of China(51109120).
Journal of Geotechnical Engineering, 1985,7(5):46-55.
Chinese Journal of Underground Space and Engineering, 2009,5(5):915-919.
South-to-North Water Transfers and Water Science & Technology, 2008,6(11):38-47.

For this purpose, Ni-based alloy and high chrome cast iron were used as compared materials.
During the process of abrasive wear, surface materials are removed through three major mechanisms: (1) micro-cutting, (2) plastic deformation due to plough actions, and (3) fracture of hard-phase debris in the matrix materials[11-12].
Acknowledgement This work was financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 51361020) , the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 51365024).
Journal of Materials Processing Technology, 2009, 209: 1368-1374
Surface and Coatings Technology, 132(2000):251-255 [8] A.Conde, F.Zubiri, J.de Damborenea, Materials Science and Engineering, A334(2002):223-238 [9] E.Fern andez, M.Cadenas, R.Gonzalez, et al.