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Ratliff: Cutting Tool Engineering (1994), p. 84 [6] G.
Cui: Key Engineering Materials Vol. 114 (1996), p. 135 [11] R.
Sivasankaran: Key Engineering Materials Vol. 96 (1994), p. 221 [12] P.K.
Mehrotra: Key Engineering Materials Vols. 138-140 (1998), p. 81 [13] F.
Low: Key Engineering Materials Vol. 96 (1994), p. 81 [15] E.J.A.

Study on the Grinding Process of Ceramiczirconia Oxide Rod Shinn-Liang Chang1,a, Dai-Jia Juan1,b, Bean-Yen Lee2,c,You-Jhih Lin1,d 1Department of Power Mechanical Engineering, National Formosa University, No.64, Wunhua Rd., Huwei Township, Yunlin County, Taiwan 2Department of Mechanical and Computer-Aided Engineering, National Formosa University, No.64, Wunhua Rd., Huwei Township, Yunlin County, Taiwan achangsl@nfu.edu.tw, bCorresponding author, juan@nfu.edu.tw, cleebyin@nfu.edu.tw d10054133@gm.nfu.edu.tw Keywords: Hard and brittle materials, ceramic, zirconium oxide, polishing, surface roughness Abstract.
The most general processing method used for the ceramic materials is grinding.
Tricad, “Mechanisms of Material Removal in the Precision Production Grinding of Ceramics”, Journal of Manufacturing Science and Engineering, Vol.199, pp.509-519, 1997
Ngoi, “Material Removal Mechanisms in Precision Machining of New Materials”, International Journal of Machine Tools and Manufacture, Vol.41, pp.1831-1943, 2001
Krajnik, “High-performance Grinding-A Review”, Journal of Materials Processing Technology, Vol.175, pp.278 - 284, 2006.

A study on the advanced surface characteristic of Yttria (Y2O3) ceramic by using optimal design of process Ji-Wan Cha1,a and Eun-Sang Lee2,b 1 Graduate School of Mechanical Engineering, Inha University, Incheon, Korea 2 School of Mechanical Engineering, Inha University, Incheon, Korea a chagoona@nate.com, bleees@inha.ac.kr Keywords: Yttria(Y2O3), Lapping, In-process electrolytic dressing(IED), Taguchi, Response surface analysis Abstract.
Taguchi method, called robust design, is a useful method for engineering productivity elevation.
Ichinose, in: Introduction to Fine Ceramics: Applications in Engineering, edited by N.
Lee: International Journal of Advanced Manufacturing Technology Vol. 31 (2007), p. 1101-1108 [4] K.
Azuma: International Journal of Machine Tools and Manufacture Vol. 45 (2005), p. 891-896 [5] S.H.

The projectile impacts the surface of ceramic and generates compressive shock wave which travels across the ceramic thickness and causes the fractured cone formation on the back side of ceramic.
Yaziv: 19th International Symposium of Ballistics (2001), p. 1.1175 [2] D.P.
Al-Qureshi: International Journal of Machine Tools & Manufacture 44 (2004), p.307 [3] P.
Rosenfeld: 19th International Symposium of Ballistics (2001), p. 1.1337 [4] M.
Scott: Materials Science and Engineering A 498 (2008), p.231–241 [5] Livermore Software Technology Corporation: LS-DYNA Keyword user’s manual.

Experimental procedures Based on methodological studies for qualification of solid wastes as engineering alternative materials, [8] and in the characteristics of the process of lost-wax casting and the waste generated by the ceramic shell (ceramic mold), it was established a sampling plan (NBR 10007/04 - sampling of solid wastes) in order to ensure the required representativity for the proposed valorization.
Seadon: Journal of Cleaner Production Vol. 18 (2010), p. 1639
Tan: Ceramics International Vol. 30 (2004), p. 869
Hotza: Advances in Materials Science and Engineering Vol. 2012 (2012), p. 9
Santos: Colloidal processing of ceramic components for gas burners.

[2] Yin Z, Huang C, Zou B, et al, Study of the mechanical properties, strengthening and toughening mechanisms Al2O3/TiC micro-nano-composite ceramic tool material Materials Science and Engineering: A. 577 (2013) 9-15
Journal of the European Ceramic Society. 33 (2013) 737-747
Journal of The Chinese Ceramic Society. 39 (2011) 1317-1322
Ceramics International.
Ceramics International. 34 (2008) 429-434.

Study on Morphologies and Structures of Ceramic Coating Prepared by Micro-Arc Oxidation on TC4 Alloy Chaoshi Qiana，Pengfei Lib，Liang Liu，Feng Guo，Ya Ya College of Materials Science and Engineering, Inner Mongolia University of Technology, Huhhot, China aqianchaoshi@163.com，bli_pf@imut.edu.cn Key words: Ceramic Coating; Micro-Arc Oxidation; TC4; Electrolyte Abstract: In this work, the effects of concentration and mixture ratio of Ca(CH3COO)2·H2O and Na5P3O10 in electrolyte on surface morphology, surface content and atomic ratio of calcium and phosphorus elements, and phase structure of ceramic coating prepared by micro-arc oxidation (MAO) on TC4 titanium alloy were studied, a suitable formula of electrolyte for bio-modification of titanium by MAO was obtained, Ca(CH3COO)2·H2O 20 g/L and Na5P3O10 9.3 g/L.
The coatings can be used in many application fields, such as automotive, aerospace, textile engineering and medicine, etc.
The Ca and P elements in the electrolyte reacted upon the MAO ceramic coating and the most was distributed near the surface of the ceramic coating.
An amorphous phase maybe exists in the ceramic coating.
References: [1] Li Dehua:International Journal of Biomedical Engineering, Vol. 20 (1)(1997), p.24“In Chinese” [2] Mandl S, Sader R, Thorwarth G: Biomolecular Engineering, Vol.19 (2)(2002), p.129 [3] Yu Sirong: Materials Science & Engineering, Vol.18 (2) (2000), p.131 [4] Schreckenbach J P, Marx G, Scgkittig F: J Mater Sci Mater Med, Vol.10( 1999),p.453 [5] Yang Yungchin, Chang E: Surface and Coatings Technology, Vol.190(1)(2005),p.122 [6] Gyorgy E, Grigorescu S, Socol G.: Applied Surface Science, Vol.253(19)(2007),p.7981 [7] Liu Liang, Guo Feng, Li Pengfei: Surface Technology, Vol.l38(3)(2009),p.37“In Chinese” [8] Xue Wenbin, Deng Zhiwei, Chen Ruyi: Metal Heat Treatment, Vol.2 (2000),p.5“In Chinese” [9] Ward B C, Webster T J:Science and Engineering C, Vol.27(3)(2007),p.575 [10] Han Yong, Xu Kewei:Journal of Inorganic Materials, Vol.16(5)( 2001),p.951“In Chinese”

China 2 College of Mechanical Engineering, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100022, P.
Reddy, Nonlinear transient thermoelastic analysis of functionally graded ceramic-metal plates, International Journal of Solids Structures 35(33), p4457-4476, 1998
Reddy, Analysis of functionally graded plates, International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 47, p663-684, 2000
International Journal of Solids and Structures 2004; 41 (9-10): 2235-2257 [8] J.
Computer Methods in Applied Mechanics and Engineering. in press [9] Yuxin Hao, Wei Zhang, Lihua Chen and Jigang Lei, Nonlinear Oscillations, Bifurcations and Chaos of Functionally Graded Materials Plate, Journal of Sound and vibration, in press

Ceramic №2 consisted of a plate made of VOK-60 (K01 – group ISO) tool ceramic (Al2O3+TiC), also conductive.
El-Menshawy, Monitoring the E.D.M. process by radio signals, International Journal of Production Research. 16 No. 5 (1978) 353-363
Kozochkin, Improvement of Machining by the Vibroacoustic Diagnostics of Electrophysical Processe, Russian Engineering Research. 35 No. 11 (2015) 801-806
Porvatov, Monitoring of Electric Discharge Machining by Means of Acoustic Emission, Russian Engineering Research. 36 No. 3 (2016) 244-248
Journal of Friction and Wear. 35 No. 5 (2014) 389-395

Development of Functionally Graded Metal-Ceramic Systems by Directed Energy Deposition: A Review Dilipkumar Choudary Ratnala1,a∗, Joel Andersson2,b, Shrikant Joshi3,c 1,2,3Department of Engineering Science, University West, Trollhättan, 461 86, Sweden.
Specific emphasis is laid on the powder-based Laser DED (L-DED) technique of FGM fabrication owing to its control over complex geometries and microstructural engineering.
Introduction: Functionally Graded Materials (FGMs) are an emerging class of materials with great scope for engineering via tailoring of properties.
Kim, DED Type Laser Additive Manufacturing Technology of Oxide Ceramics, Journal of Welding and Joining. 38 (2020) 469–478. https://doi.org/10.5781/jwj.2020.38.5.6
Ahn, Directed Energy Deposition (DED) Process: State of the Art, International Journal of Precision Engineering and Manufacturing - Green Technology. 8 (2021) 703–742. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40684-020-00302-7