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Development of Functionally Graded Metal-Ceramic Systems by Directed Energy Deposition: A Review Dilipkumar Choudary Ratnala1,a∗, Joel Andersson2,b, Shrikant Joshi3,c 1,2,3Department of Engineering Science, University West, Trollhättan, 461 86, Sweden.
Specific emphasis is laid on the powder-based Laser DED (L-DED) technique of FGM fabrication owing to its control over complex geometries and microstructural engineering.
Introduction: Functionally Graded Materials (FGMs) are an emerging class of materials with great scope for engineering via tailoring of properties.
Kim, DED Type Laser Additive Manufacturing Technology of Oxide Ceramics, Journal of Welding and Joining. 38 (2020) 469–478. https://doi.org/10.5781/jwj.2020.38.5.6
Ahn, Directed Energy Deposition (DED) Process: State of the Art, International Journal of Precision Engineering and Manufacturing - Green Technology. 8 (2021) 703–742. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40684-020-00302-7

The projectile impacts the surface of ceramic and generates compressive shock wave which travels across the ceramic thickness and causes the fractured cone formation on the back side of ceramic.
Yaziv: 19th International Symposium of Ballistics (2001), p. 1.1175 [2] D.P.
Al-Qureshi: International Journal of Machine Tools & Manufacture 44 (2004), p.307 [3] P.
Rosenfeld: 19th International Symposium of Ballistics (2001), p. 1.1337 [4] M.
Scott: Materials Science and Engineering A 498 (2008), p.231–241 [5] Livermore Software Technology Corporation: LS-DYNA Keyword user’s manual.

Ghani1,d 1Department of Mechanical and Materials Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Built Environment, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600 Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia asarizal@eng.ukm.my, bmuchtar@eng.ukm.my, chamidi@eng.ukm.my, djaharah@eng.ukm.my Keywords: Alumina-zirconia; powder loading; rheological behavior; ceramic injection molding Abstract.
Hrazdera: Ceramic International Vol. 31 (2005), p. 845 [3] P.T.
Varez: Journal of the European Ceramic Society Vol. 28 (2008), p. 763 [4] R.M.
Choi: Ceramic International Vol. 37 (2011), p. 321 [7] Y.
Khalil: Journal of Materials Processing Technology Vol. 183 (2007), p. 432

Zirconia based ceramic materials are used in structural application in engineering, such as in the manufacture of cutting tools, gas sensors, refractories.
Introduction Zirconia based ceramics are recently developed material for both dental and engineering applications.
Grinding process using diamond wheel is one of the conventional material removal process that has been widely used for machining of engineering ceramics.
Sadeghi, A.Daneshi, S.Stockert, A.Rasifard, An experimental investigation of the effects of workpiece and grinding parameters on minimum quantity lubrication – MQL grinding, International Journal of Machine Tools & Manufacture 49 (2009) 924-932
Morgan, A study of plane surface grinding under minimum quantity lubrication (MQL) conditions, International Journal of Machine Tools & Manufacture. 50 (2010) 977-985

Alumina ceramics is becoming important in engineering applications as both a structural and an electrically insulating material [1].
Journal of the European Ceramic Society.
Materials Science and Engineering A.
International Journal of Machine Tools & Manufacture.
Chinese Journal of Mechanical Engineering.

China 2 School of Physics and Engineering, Henan University of science and technology, Luoyang Henan P.
(4) Not only nano-Al2O3 can promote the sintering of Si3N4 ceramics but they can react with Si3N4 and SiO2 to form SiALON, which can increase the properties of ceramics by forming interwoven structure.
Zhou: Materials Science and Engineering A, Vol431 (2006), P.285 [2] C.
Silva : International Journal of Refractory Metals & Hard Materials ,Vol23 (2005),P. 183–192 [3] Thanakorn Wasanapiarnpong, Shigetaka Wada, Masamitsu Imai, Toyohiko Yano: Journal of the European Ceramic Society,Vol 26 (2006), P. 3467 [4].EN ISO 6507-1:2005 [5] M.T.
Shi: Materials Science and Engineering A,Vol351 (2003), P.9 [6] Tadeusz von Rymon Lipinski. in: Proc. of Unified International Technical Conf. on Refractories (UNITECR’2009), Salvador, Brazil, (2009)

A study on metal-ceramic thermal expansion compatibility Marian Miculescu1a, Mihai Branzei1b, Florin Miculescu1c, Daniela Meghea2d Marin Bane1e 1University Politehnica from Bucharest, Faculty for Materials Science and Engineering, 313 Splaiul Independentei Bucharest, Romania 2Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Bucharest, Romania 1amarian.miculescu@upb.ro, 1bmihai.branzei@upb.ro, 1cf_miculescu@yahoo.com, 2ddaniela@meghea.ro, 1emarin.bane@upb.ro Key words: metal-ceramic, thermal expansion, thermal diffusivity.
The purpose of this study consisted in evaluating the effectiveness of dental coating by determining the ceramic metal bonding strength of metal-ceramic couples (Ni-Cr and Co-Cr alloy coated with dental ceramic) and correlation with the difference of linear thermal expansion coefficients of metals and ceramics.
Mosby International Ltd., 2002 [2] Layton D.A critical appraisal of the survival and complication rates of tooth-supported allceramic and metal-ceramic fixed dental prostheses: the application of evidence-based dentistry.
Journal of Biomedical Materials Research, 41:614-23,1998; [4].
Journal of Dental Research, 49:27-33, 1990; [6].

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Sivasankaran: Key Engineering Materials Vol. 96 (1994), p. 221 [12] P.K.
Mehrotra: Key Engineering Materials Vols. 138-140 (1998), p. 81 [13] F.
Low: Key Engineering Materials Vol. 96 (1994), p. 81 [15] E.J.A.

Springer International Publishing, 2015
"Chitosan-alginate biocomposite containing fucoidan for bone tissue engineering."
International Journal of Biological Macromolecules 44, no. 1 (2009): 1-5
"Engineering bone: challenges and obstacles." 
Tissue Engineering Part A 15, no. 9 (2009): 2571-2579

A study on the advanced surface characteristic of Yttria (Y2O3) ceramic by using optimal design of process Ji-Wan Cha1,a and Eun-Sang Lee2,b 1 Graduate School of Mechanical Engineering, Inha University, Incheon, Korea 2 School of Mechanical Engineering, Inha University, Incheon, Korea a chagoona@nate.com, bleees@inha.ac.kr Keywords: Yttria(Y2O3), Lapping, In-process electrolytic dressing(IED), Taguchi, Response surface analysis Abstract.
Taguchi method, called robust design, is a useful method for engineering productivity elevation.
Ichinose, in: Introduction to Fine Ceramics: Applications in Engineering, edited by N.
Lee: International Journal of Advanced Manufacturing Technology Vol. 31 (2007), p. 1101-1108 [4] K.
Azuma: International Journal of Machine Tools and Manufacture Vol. 45 (2005), p. 891-896 [5] S.H.