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Online since: September 2014
Authors: Ji Guang Jiang, Yue Zeng
In the past research of noise inside the car, vehicle interior noise is mostly passive noise reduction method of vibration damping, sound absorption and sound insulation to reduce, although this method can reduce the noise intensity in the vehicle, but according to noise frequency selective control is difficult, low frequency noise reduction effect is poor, only in the high-frequency broadband noise reduction.
In addition to its low frequency noise control effect is good, effective remedy for the low-frequency noise reduction effect of passive noise control[4].
This system has the advantages of simple realization, good noise reduction effect, the advantages of good operating stability[5][6], so the feed forward controller as the adaptive active noise controller.
The simulation results show that, the FXLMS control algorithm has good noise reduction effect[7].
Using the adaptive active noise control system is designed and constructed in vehicle, in a domestic car uniform steady state operation, noise on the copilot left ear position made active control experiment, and the FFT method analyzes the test data; analysis results show, open the active control system, Sound signals in vehicle noise frequency the main peak frequency that there is obvious attenuation, and then proves that noise selective adaptive active control method in vehicle and control system of independent developing design, the frequency of interior noise cancellation is effective.
In addition to its low frequency noise control effect is good, effective remedy for the low-frequency noise reduction effect of passive noise control[4].
This system has the advantages of simple realization, good noise reduction effect, the advantages of good operating stability[5][6], so the feed forward controller as the adaptive active noise controller.
The simulation results show that, the FXLMS control algorithm has good noise reduction effect[7].
Using the adaptive active noise control system is designed and constructed in vehicle, in a domestic car uniform steady state operation, noise on the copilot left ear position made active control experiment, and the FFT method analyzes the test data; analysis results show, open the active control system, Sound signals in vehicle noise frequency the main peak frequency that there is obvious attenuation, and then proves that noise selective adaptive active control method in vehicle and control system of independent developing design, the frequency of interior noise cancellation is effective.
Online since: July 2019
Authors: Tobias Höchbauer, Nikolaos Tsavdaris, Christian Heidorn
The future challenges for SiC device technology are cost reduction and increased reliability.
Introduction As the market share of SiC devices in power electronic application grows continuously, cost reduction and reliability improvement of SiC power devices becomes essential.
The defect density data show that the new epitaxy process results continually in a BPD to TED conversion rate ranging from 99.995 to 100% with an edge exclusion of 2.5 mm.
Summary Cost reduction and increased reliability are the main future challenges for SiC devices and the epitaxial layer growth is a key process in order to accomplish this.
Yield increase during epitaxial growth is achieved by the reduction of structural defects such as basal plane dislocations and triangular defects and the increase of doping and thickness uniformities.
Introduction As the market share of SiC devices in power electronic application grows continuously, cost reduction and reliability improvement of SiC power devices becomes essential.
The defect density data show that the new epitaxy process results continually in a BPD to TED conversion rate ranging from 99.995 to 100% with an edge exclusion of 2.5 mm.
Summary Cost reduction and increased reliability are the main future challenges for SiC devices and the epitaxial layer growth is a key process in order to accomplish this.
Yield increase during epitaxial growth is achieved by the reduction of structural defects such as basal plane dislocations and triangular defects and the increase of doping and thickness uniformities.
Online since: October 2014
Authors: Sirinrath Sirivisoot, Thomas J. Webster, Yardnapar Parcharoen
The reported data were means of three separated experiments
The CV of Ti-GO shows the reduction peak at -0.83 V (Fig. 4b).
The cathodic (reduction) potential (-0.45 V vs.
Data are mean ± standard error of means (N=3).
/cc) were suspended in the PBS for immediate CV measurements (data not shown) of bare Ti-GO and ATi-GO (without living bacteria).
The CV of Ti-GO shows the reduction peak at -0.83 V (Fig. 4b).
The cathodic (reduction) potential (-0.45 V vs.
Data are mean ± standard error of means (N=3).
/cc) were suspended in the PBS for immediate CV measurements (data not shown) of bare Ti-GO and ATi-GO (without living bacteria).
Online since: October 2014
Authors: Chong Wen Yu, Siddiqui Qasim, Xiao Feng Li
Modeling
1.1 Data preparation and selection of input factors
In this paper, 50 sets of data, collected from a textile mill in Shandong province, was used for prediction, which includes 5 combed and carded yarns of 60S, 40S, 32S, 20S and 16S.
To eliminate the effects of different original variables dimension, the 60 sets of data need to be standardized.
(1) 1.2 Principal components analysis Principal component analysis is an effective dimension reduction technology for data, by which the high correlated variables could be compressed and converted to several new compositive substitutes for the original.
New variables, which were independent from each other, could not only contain the most information of the original data and reduce the number of the input factor, but also simplified the complexity of the subsequent prediction model.
The relative predicted value error (RE) and root mean squared error (RMSE) of 10 sets of validation data is shown in Table-6, and the target fitting chart and epochs of 4 prediction models is given in Figure-3.
To eliminate the effects of different original variables dimension, the 60 sets of data need to be standardized.
(1) 1.2 Principal components analysis Principal component analysis is an effective dimension reduction technology for data, by which the high correlated variables could be compressed and converted to several new compositive substitutes for the original.
New variables, which were independent from each other, could not only contain the most information of the original data and reduce the number of the input factor, but also simplified the complexity of the subsequent prediction model.
The relative predicted value error (RE) and root mean squared error (RMSE) of 10 sets of validation data is shown in Table-6, and the target fitting chart and epochs of 4 prediction models is given in Figure-3.
Online since: July 2022
Authors: Dong Won Jung, Krishna Singh Bhandari, Nodirbek Kosimov, Si Jia Li, Wen Ning Chen
Many ideas were put forward to solve this problem, weight reduction seems to be the most feasible solution [1, 2].
Material replacement is the most direct way to realize weight reduction, which uses light metals like Al to take place heavy materials like steel.
Engineering stress-strain curves were got after tensile tests, then transformed engineering stress-strain data into true stress-strain data by calculating.
Table 2 RMSEs between fitting result data and experiment data Strain rates [s-1] 0.0003 0.003 0.03 Temperature [℃] 360 430 500 360 430 500 360 430 500 RMSE 1.70 0.23 0.10 2.48 0.44 0.15 7.41 3.15 0.26 Conclusions In order to investigating flow stress behavior of material Al A5005 at high temperature, twelve hot tensile tests at temperatures 360℃, 430℃, 500℃ and strain rates 0.0003s-1, 0.003s-1, 0.03s-1 were set up.
A constitutive model and data for materials subjected to large strains, high strain rates, and high temperatures[J].
Material replacement is the most direct way to realize weight reduction, which uses light metals like Al to take place heavy materials like steel.
Engineering stress-strain curves were got after tensile tests, then transformed engineering stress-strain data into true stress-strain data by calculating.
Table 2 RMSEs between fitting result data and experiment data Strain rates [s-1] 0.0003 0.003 0.03 Temperature [℃] 360 430 500 360 430 500 360 430 500 RMSE 1.70 0.23 0.10 2.48 0.44 0.15 7.41 3.15 0.26 Conclusions In order to investigating flow stress behavior of material Al A5005 at high temperature, twelve hot tensile tests at temperatures 360℃, 430℃, 500℃ and strain rates 0.0003s-1, 0.003s-1, 0.03s-1 were set up.
A constitutive model and data for materials subjected to large strains, high strain rates, and high temperatures[J].
Online since: October 2013
Authors: Li Sheng Li, Jia Yu Cai, Xiao Mei Hu
Fig.2 B/S structure of operation and maintenance system of petrochemical units
The development structure has three layers:
Data layer: Provide data store and management by data base server.
The data visit parts is responsible for opening the data in data base to the business layer.
In the DAL, a common connection part of data base is set up to establish the connection among data bases.
The middle layer avoids the direct operation to the data base, reduces the threat of being destroyed for the data base and promotes the security of the data base.
Through the security between the network and data center, the stability of operation and complete of the data can be ensured.
The data visit parts is responsible for opening the data in data base to the business layer.
In the DAL, a common connection part of data base is set up to establish the connection among data bases.
The middle layer avoids the direct operation to the data base, reduces the threat of being destroyed for the data base and promotes the security of the data base.
Through the security between the network and data center, the stability of operation and complete of the data can be ensured.
Online since: August 2013
Authors: Jin Liang Xu, Shu Xiang Wang, Wei Zhang
The study provides experimental data that could be used for the design and development of more efficient exchangers for refrigeration conditioning, heat pump and some other systems.
Experimental facility and data reduction Fig. 1 shows a schematic of the experiment facility and test section.
All the experimental signals are collected and processed by Agilent 34970A data acquisition system.
Comparisons of the experimental data with existing correlations were made for 96 experimental data, as shown in Fig. 2.
The following hold for the straight tube: in the laminar range, fc=64/Re, and fc=0.3164/Re0.25 in the turbulent range, Meyer [7] experimental data for the straight tube was plotted as well.
Experimental facility and data reduction Fig. 1 shows a schematic of the experiment facility and test section.
All the experimental signals are collected and processed by Agilent 34970A data acquisition system.
Comparisons of the experimental data with existing correlations were made for 96 experimental data, as shown in Fig. 2.
The following hold for the straight tube: in the laminar range, fc=64/Re, and fc=0.3164/Re0.25 in the turbulent range, Meyer [7] experimental data for the straight tube was plotted as well.
Online since: May 2020
Authors: Sergey O. Nepryakhin, Danil L. Shvarts
The comparison of the calculated values with the experimental data obtained on a laboratory mill 200 confirmed that the variational principle of minimum total power has sufficient accuracy for analysis of double -T section rolling in universal groove.
The following independent non-dimensional parameters for the unambiguous description of the shape and dimensions of the deformation zone according to this scheme were adopted: the reduction coefficient of web 1/ηw=d'/d; the reduction coefficient of flange 1/ηf=a'/a; relative height of profile flanges b=hf/a; relative thickness of flanges a=a/d; relative length of web lw=lw/d; reduced diameter of horizontal and vertical rolls Ah=Dh/d, Av=Dv/a; slope of the profile flanges tgφ.
Under the influence of web and flanges reduction, profile flanges get height increment Δhf=hf-h'f, and the length of each profile element increases according to the reduction ratio λw and λf.
The obtained calculation data compared with the results of experimental studies, estimating the error of calculation of the experimental data ΔP=(Pcal-Рex)/Рex, ΔМ=(Мcal-Мex)/Мex in percentage.
Calculations and experimental data in the H-beam rolling at the laboratory mill 200 Thickness [mm] Reduction ratio λ Flange spread Δhf [mm] Experimental data of forces P [kN] and torque M [N·m] Calculation data of forces P [kN] and torque M [N·m] Convergence of calculation and experimental data [%] Web Flange d d' a a' М Рh Pв М Рh Pв ΔM ΔPh ΔPv 9.85 7.65 10.9 8.4 1.288 0.9 435 36.5 10.3 494 32.1 11.4 13.6 -12.1 10.3 9.75 7.25 9.55 7.05 1.345 1 555 39.5 11.2 551 29.2 14.5 -0.7 -26.1 29.7 5.75 4.1 7.2 6.03 1.402 1 515 40 18.6 569 48.6 14.4 10.5 21.5 10 5.7 4.65 7.25 5.74 1.226 1 260 33 8.3 327 38.4 10.2 25.9 16.4 23.5 The estimated data have a satisfactory convergence with the results of the experimental studies.
The following independent non-dimensional parameters for the unambiguous description of the shape and dimensions of the deformation zone according to this scheme were adopted: the reduction coefficient of web 1/ηw=d'/d; the reduction coefficient of flange 1/ηf=a'/a; relative height of profile flanges b=hf/a; relative thickness of flanges a=a/d; relative length of web lw=lw/d; reduced diameter of horizontal and vertical rolls Ah=Dh/d, Av=Dv/a; slope of the profile flanges tgφ.
Under the influence of web and flanges reduction, profile flanges get height increment Δhf=hf-h'f, and the length of each profile element increases according to the reduction ratio λw and λf.
The obtained calculation data compared with the results of experimental studies, estimating the error of calculation of the experimental data ΔP=(Pcal-Рex)/Рex, ΔМ=(Мcal-Мex)/Мex in percentage.
Calculations and experimental data in the H-beam rolling at the laboratory mill 200 Thickness [mm] Reduction ratio λ Flange spread Δhf [mm] Experimental data of forces P [kN] and torque M [N·m] Calculation data of forces P [kN] and torque M [N·m] Convergence of calculation and experimental data [%] Web Flange d d' a a' М Рh Pв М Рh Pв ΔM ΔPh ΔPv 9.85 7.65 10.9 8.4 1.288 0.9 435 36.5 10.3 494 32.1 11.4 13.6 -12.1 10.3 9.75 7.25 9.55 7.05 1.345 1 555 39.5 11.2 551 29.2 14.5 -0.7 -26.1 29.7 5.75 4.1 7.2 6.03 1.402 1 515 40 18.6 569 48.6 14.4 10.5 21.5 10 5.7 4.65 7.25 5.74 1.226 1 260 33 8.3 327 38.4 10.2 25.9 16.4 23.5 The estimated data have a satisfactory convergence with the results of the experimental studies.
Online since: August 2013
Authors: Zhen Yu, Chang Kai
Data Source
Emissions allowances markets in European Union have existed two stages: the pilot phase (2005-2007), and the Kyoto phase (2008-2012).
Data samples are from the most liquid and promising spot and futures exchange platforms under the EU ETS.
Considered the continuity and availability of numerical samples, we select the data samples cover the period from April 8, 2008 to December 20, 2010 in the Kyoto phrase.
Take an example for dynamic hedge ratios, the maximum hedge ratio is 0.9854, the minimum hedge ratio is 0.9050, and the average hedge ratio is 0.9424 in the observation period of data samples.
Compared with the risk reduction of unhedged portfolio of futures assets, market participants can achieve significant risk reduction in assets portfolio of futures contracts with different maturities by using one-factor and two-factor hedging policy.
Data samples are from the most liquid and promising spot and futures exchange platforms under the EU ETS.
Considered the continuity and availability of numerical samples, we select the data samples cover the period from April 8, 2008 to December 20, 2010 in the Kyoto phrase.
Take an example for dynamic hedge ratios, the maximum hedge ratio is 0.9854, the minimum hedge ratio is 0.9050, and the average hedge ratio is 0.9424 in the observation period of data samples.
Compared with the risk reduction of unhedged portfolio of futures assets, market participants can achieve significant risk reduction in assets portfolio of futures contracts with different maturities by using one-factor and two-factor hedging policy.
Online since: June 2014
Authors: B.T. Hang Tuah bin Baharudin, Mohd Khairol Anuar Mohd Ariffin, Sreenivasan Sulaiman, Hani Mizhir Magid
Data obtained from the FE model included die-work piece contact pressure, effective stress and strain and material deformation velocity.
The correlation between the calculated and FEA data was obtained in this research.
Also the stress-strain data can be plotted [8].
The peak temperature occurs at the surface of the work piece because of plastic deformation and frictional heating; also it is immediately after the radial reduction zone of the die.
That is because; (1) The material that is heated by dissipative processes in the reduction zone will cool by conduction as the material progresses through the post-reduction zone. (2) Frictional heating is largest in the reduction zone because of the larger values of shear stress in that zone.
The correlation between the calculated and FEA data was obtained in this research.
Also the stress-strain data can be plotted [8].
The peak temperature occurs at the surface of the work piece because of plastic deformation and frictional heating; also it is immediately after the radial reduction zone of the die.
That is because; (1) The material that is heated by dissipative processes in the reduction zone will cool by conduction as the material progresses through the post-reduction zone. (2) Frictional heating is largest in the reduction zone because of the larger values of shear stress in that zone.