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Online since: February 2013
Authors: Zong Li Wang, Guo Dong Li
            
                It is shown that the inner tensile stress of new concrete decreases with increasing of interface roughness, and increase restrained thickness of the new concrete, but it is not significant effect of interface roughness on the shrinkage at bonding surface; the shrinkage strain of section reduces with reduction of the distance of section to bonding surface and reaches minimum on bonding surface, which reflecte significant nonuniformity and increases gradually with age.
Strain data were collected by data acquisition system, sampling frequency was 1/h.
Conclusions can be draw from Fig.2 that the shrinkage strain at each testing section decreasing with reduction of the distance of testing section to bonding interface and reaching minimum at bonding interface, which is the distribution of internal strain in new concrete slab restrained by old concrete slab.
The shrinkage strain of testing section reduces with reduction of the distance of testing section to bonding interface and reaches minimum at bonding interface, that is, the shrinkage strain reflects prominent inhomogeneity and increases gradually with concrete age, which was one of the main factors leading to increasing of internal tensile stress of the concrete.
            
    Strain data were collected by data acquisition system, sampling frequency was 1/h.
Conclusions can be draw from Fig.2 that the shrinkage strain at each testing section decreasing with reduction of the distance of testing section to bonding interface and reaching minimum at bonding interface, which is the distribution of internal strain in new concrete slab restrained by old concrete slab.
The shrinkage strain of testing section reduces with reduction of the distance of testing section to bonding interface and reaches minimum at bonding interface, that is, the shrinkage strain reflects prominent inhomogeneity and increases gradually with concrete age, which was one of the main factors leading to increasing of internal tensile stress of the concrete.
Online since: December 2011
Authors: Leo A.I. Kestens, Roumen H. Petrov, Patricia Gobernado, Carla Barbatti, Jaap Moerman
            
                Present data indicate that localized deformation in near {001}<110> grains plays an essential role in the nucleation of {311}<136> orientations.
A total cold reduction of 60% was applied in 12 passes by alternatively changing the RD and TD after each pass, according to a cross-rolling schedule.
The acquired EBSD data were recorded with a step size of 0.3µm and 1µm (in the deformed and annealed samples, respectively) and further processed with the commercial EDAX-TSL® package.
Textural data gathered on the RD-ND section of both materials are shown in Fig.1a and Fig.1c.
Present data showed the development of a substructure in {001}<110> grains but also in grains of which the orientation does not belong to the a- nor the g-fibre.
            
    A total cold reduction of 60% was applied in 12 passes by alternatively changing the RD and TD after each pass, according to a cross-rolling schedule.
The acquired EBSD data were recorded with a step size of 0.3µm and 1µm (in the deformed and annealed samples, respectively) and further processed with the commercial EDAX-TSL® package.
Textural data gathered on the RD-ND section of both materials are shown in Fig.1a and Fig.1c.
Present data showed the development of a substructure in {001}<110> grains but also in grains of which the orientation does not belong to the a- nor the g-fibre.
Online since: November 2015
Authors: Gheorghe Stan, Paul Alin Butunoi, Ana Lăcrămioara Ungureanu
            
                From Eq. 27, it results that an increased number of rolling bodies lead to a reduction of the maximum interaction load Qmaxm.
For the numerical data, the value of the maximum interaction load Qmaxm will be equal to half of the value corresponding to the resultant reaction load Rm.
A module m=2 for all gears and an input torque M1=280 [daN×mm] were also considered as part of the input data.
The numerical data from Table 1 show that lower values for reaction loads are attained when the planetary gears are fixed and supported at the extremities, while in the case of free planetary gears, the reaction loads are equal with the difference between the resultant tangential and radial meshing loads.
The results presented graphically in Fig. 5 and Fig. 6 show a reduction of the bearing deflection, for roller bearings.
            
    For the numerical data, the value of the maximum interaction load Qmaxm will be equal to half of the value corresponding to the resultant reaction load Rm.
A module m=2 for all gears and an input torque M1=280 [daN×mm] were also considered as part of the input data.
The numerical data from Table 1 show that lower values for reaction loads are attained when the planetary gears are fixed and supported at the extremities, while in the case of free planetary gears, the reaction loads are equal with the difference between the resultant tangential and radial meshing loads.
The results presented graphically in Fig. 5 and Fig. 6 show a reduction of the bearing deflection, for roller bearings.
Online since: February 2012
Authors: Ren Guang Wang, Hong Tao Chen, Lin Tao Zhang, Chao Yu
            
                The results show that the FEM model is correct and reliable, and can be used for weight reduction analysis.
Tab.1 Comparison of static test and calculation results Test point Test data Calculation Data Test point Test data Calculation Data Test point Test data Calculation Data 1 -5.65 -7.81 25 -2.95 -3.55 49 -2.22 -4.78 2 8.08 7.72 26 15.55 5.39 50 0 -0.28 3 0.61 1.82 27 -46.44 -50.84 51 -1.21 -11.82 4 5.25 6.59 28 4.85 6.67 52 10.1 11.02 5 -5.21 -6.94 29 5.86 6.61 53 2.22 2.94 6 5.05 4.43 30 9.89 5.76 54 -6.06 -12.32 7 -1.01 -3.62 31 12.32 8.25 55 -0.2 -0.98 8 5.05 3.91 32 1.82 0.66 56 -2.62 -5.23 9 1.62 3.08 33 3.84 -0.59 57 2.62 -0.08 10 13.33 19.14 34 58.15 14 58 0.2 -9.81 11 -4.44 -3.52 35 -0.2 -2.85 59 -0.2 -0.69 12 14.94 13.31 36 15.35 24.94 60 -12.12 -10 13 -19.38 -27.72 37 -19.18 -9.31 61 3.23 -0.64 14 -20.6 -12.77 38 -5.45 -10.45 62 0 0.1 15 -58.76 -70.88 39 -7.27 -7.5 63 -2.42 1.57 16 -57.35 -43.1 40 2.42 1.12 64 0 0.77 17 -28.27 -18.34 41 4.64 6.25 65 2.22 2.4 18 -3.21 -5 42 21.4 18.31 66 -0.61 -2.42 19 -0.2 -6.86 43 -1.62 -1.83 67 -5.65 -4.98 20 -3.43 -0.23 44 -12.12 -17.08
The maximum stress changed from 110.805 MPa to 110.063 MPa with 0.67% reduction.
This result shows that both weight reduction and strength improvement can be achieved with optimum parameters selected.
The real case shows that this method is useful and can be adopted in vehicle body weight reduction.
            
    Tab.1 Comparison of static test and calculation results Test point Test data Calculation Data Test point Test data Calculation Data Test point Test data Calculation Data 1 -5.65 -7.81 25 -2.95 -3.55 49 -2.22 -4.78 2 8.08 7.72 26 15.55 5.39 50 0 -0.28 3 0.61 1.82 27 -46.44 -50.84 51 -1.21 -11.82 4 5.25 6.59 28 4.85 6.67 52 10.1 11.02 5 -5.21 -6.94 29 5.86 6.61 53 2.22 2.94 6 5.05 4.43 30 9.89 5.76 54 -6.06 -12.32 7 -1.01 -3.62 31 12.32 8.25 55 -0.2 -0.98 8 5.05 3.91 32 1.82 0.66 56 -2.62 -5.23 9 1.62 3.08 33 3.84 -0.59 57 2.62 -0.08 10 13.33 19.14 34 58.15 14 58 0.2 -9.81 11 -4.44 -3.52 35 -0.2 -2.85 59 -0.2 -0.69 12 14.94 13.31 36 15.35 24.94 60 -12.12 -10 13 -19.38 -27.72 37 -19.18 -9.31 61 3.23 -0.64 14 -20.6 -12.77 38 -5.45 -10.45 62 0 0.1 15 -58.76 -70.88 39 -7.27 -7.5 63 -2.42 1.57 16 -57.35 -43.1 40 2.42 1.12 64 0 0.77 17 -28.27 -18.34 41 4.64 6.25 65 2.22 2.4 18 -3.21 -5 42 21.4 18.31 66 -0.61 -2.42 19 -0.2 -6.86 43 -1.62 -1.83 67 -5.65 -4.98 20 -3.43 -0.23 44 -12.12 -17.08
The maximum stress changed from 110.805 MPa to 110.063 MPa with 0.67% reduction.
This result shows that both weight reduction and strength improvement can be achieved with optimum parameters selected.
The real case shows that this method is useful and can be adopted in vehicle body weight reduction.
Online since: September 2019
Authors: Alexander V. Gradoboev, Ksenia N. Orlova, Anastasiia V. Simonova
            
                The radiation dose was set by the exposure time, using the data on the activity of the installation at the time of the research.
Experimental Data Processing.
Note that in the graphical representation of the obtained experimental data, we do not provide confidence intervals, but only average values of the measured values.
Typical watt-ampere characteristic of the investigated LEDs in lg-lg coordinates: LC - low current region; HC is the area of high currents; symbols - experimental data; lines calculated by the formula (1), respectively; vertical arrow - boundary current between selected areas These results allow us to distinguish two characteristic regions of operating currents (the region of low currents — LC and the region of high currents — HC, Fig.3).
In more detail, this stage of power reduction is shown in Fig. 8.
            
    Experimental Data Processing.
Note that in the graphical representation of the obtained experimental data, we do not provide confidence intervals, but only average values of the measured values.
Typical watt-ampere characteristic of the investigated LEDs in lg-lg coordinates: LC - low current region; HC is the area of high currents; symbols - experimental data; lines calculated by the formula (1), respectively; vertical arrow - boundary current between selected areas These results allow us to distinguish two characteristic regions of operating currents (the region of low currents — LC and the region of high currents — HC, Fig.3).
In more detail, this stage of power reduction is shown in Fig. 8.
Online since: February 2019
Authors: Sergey N. Lezhnev, Abdrakhman B. Naizabekov, Andrey O. Tolkushkin
            
                Dimensions of the deformed billets after drawing along the entire length was b´h´l=27.2´61.8´267.7 mm, forging reduction was equal to 1.10.
Forging reduction after two was equal to 1.21.
Forging reduction after two was equal to 1.26.
Forging reduction after two was equal to 1.20.
Results and Discussion Data, obtained during the study of steel 40 microstructure shown in Table 1.
            
    Forging reduction after two was equal to 1.21.
Forging reduction after two was equal to 1.26.
Forging reduction after two was equal to 1.20.
Results and Discussion Data, obtained during the study of steel 40 microstructure shown in Table 1.
Online since: October 2014
Authors: Hai Bo Li, Xin Wang, Ji Fu Ma, Yan Yan Yu, Xue Dong Lv
            
                Oxidation reduction potential plays an extremely important role in the SWIS[3].
As the comprehensive index system oxidation-reduction environment, influence microenvironment, inside the system is also one of the main factors influencing the treatment effect.
In order to improve the oxidation reduction environment in SWIS, researches domestic and overseas scholars made focuse on the following aspects: Flooding and Drying Alternate.
Matrix has good permeability, oxygen content is high, oxidation reaction is preferred; If permeability is poor, it gives priority to reduction reaction.
According to the data indicates that, root of the reed at the depth of about 60cm in general , while Yellow flag and Canna is only about 33cm.To the plant roots, different scholars have different calculation methods, so the result is also a great difference.
            
    As the comprehensive index system oxidation-reduction environment, influence microenvironment, inside the system is also one of the main factors influencing the treatment effect.
In order to improve the oxidation reduction environment in SWIS, researches domestic and overseas scholars made focuse on the following aspects: Flooding and Drying Alternate.
Matrix has good permeability, oxygen content is high, oxidation reaction is preferred; If permeability is poor, it gives priority to reduction reaction.
According to the data indicates that, root of the reed at the depth of about 60cm in general , while Yellow flag and Canna is only about 33cm.To the plant roots, different scholars have different calculation methods, so the result is also a great difference.
Online since: October 2004
Authors: Thierry Baudin, Richard Penelle, Ph. Gerber, Jacek Tarasiuk, Amel Samet-Meziou
            
                The quality index of the Kikuchi patterns (EBSD data) is used to qualitatively evaluate the stored 
energy for each grain.
Modelling details Recrystallization Monte Carlo simulation have been done from EBSD data performed on cold rolled IF-Ti (R = 40 %) on a Zeiss 940 scanning electron microscope (SEM).
Fig. 1a and 1b show the calculated ODF from the experimental EBSD data: the deformed state (initial microstructure for the calculation) and the recrystallized one.
Fig. 1d, e and f represent the calculated ODF from the simulated Monte Carlo data with the different proposed mechanisms RN, HMHE and HMLE.
The best agreement with the experimental EBSD data is obtained for the nucleation mechanism in the low stored energy sites with high misorientation with respect to the neighbours.
            
    Modelling details Recrystallization Monte Carlo simulation have been done from EBSD data performed on cold rolled IF-Ti (R = 40 %) on a Zeiss 940 scanning electron microscope (SEM).
Fig. 1a and 1b show the calculated ODF from the experimental EBSD data: the deformed state (initial microstructure for the calculation) and the recrystallized one.
Fig. 1d, e and f represent the calculated ODF from the simulated Monte Carlo data with the different proposed mechanisms RN, HMHE and HMLE.
The best agreement with the experimental EBSD data is obtained for the nucleation mechanism in the low stored energy sites with high misorientation with respect to the neighbours.
Online since: June 2014
Authors: Ying Cai, Ya Jun Wang, Chu Ne Li
            
                Therefore this paper simulated the relative energy saving ratio under performing different energy saving standards, this study further analyzed economy, energy saving and emission reduction.
The ratio of energy-saving and emission reduction of the implementation of the "65% energy-saving standards compared with the implementation of the "50% energy saving standards" and how about the economy, witch is unable to draw by the theoretical analysis or experiment.
The meteorological data used in the simulation are come from typical meteorological year data issued by Technology Department of Tsinghai University and Meteorological Information Center Meteorological data of China Meteorological Administration.
One building annual reduction of CO2 emissions is 398.6t per year, SO2 emissions is 2.8t per year and NO2 emissions is 0.14t per year.
Fatherly, reductions of CO2 emissions is 25×104t per year, SO2 emissions is1800t per year and NO2 emissions is 90t per year in the entire city of Lanzhou.
            
    The ratio of energy-saving and emission reduction of the implementation of the "65% energy-saving standards compared with the implementation of the "50% energy saving standards" and how about the economy, witch is unable to draw by the theoretical analysis or experiment.
The meteorological data used in the simulation are come from typical meteorological year data issued by Technology Department of Tsinghai University and Meteorological Information Center Meteorological data of China Meteorological Administration.
One building annual reduction of CO2 emissions is 398.6t per year, SO2 emissions is 2.8t per year and NO2 emissions is 0.14t per year.
Fatherly, reductions of CO2 emissions is 25×104t per year, SO2 emissions is1800t per year and NO2 emissions is 90t per year in the entire city of Lanzhou.
Online since: February 2012
Authors: Keishi Matsuda, Hidenori Ishihara
            
                Asama et al. proposed the Intelligent Data Carrier (IDC) with the aim of sharing knowledge among the robots [4]-[6].
(The data’sis low and each of the data size is smaller than a storage.) 3) CASE 3 Sharing like Distribution The data file is stored among several modules as multi-files.
(The data is less frequently referred and the size is very large.)
And the rarely referred data must be archived or deleted from the storage.
is knowledge for the cost reduction
            
    (The data’sis low and each of the data size is smaller than a storage.) 3) CASE 3 Sharing like Distribution The data file is stored among several modules as multi-files.
(The data is less frequently referred and the size is very large.)
And the rarely referred data must be archived or deleted from the storage.
is knowledge for the cost reduction