Sort by:
Publication Type:
Open access:
Publication Date:
Periodicals:
Search results
Online since: September 2014
Authors: Sung Ho Tae, Yu Ri Gong, Seung Jun Roh
            
                For a more active fulfillment of greenhouse gas reduction, diverse environment-friendly reduction activities are being continuously carried out with environment-friendly Building Certification System.
In terms of essential assessment items and methods, Mat 01 item selects the form in which a self-checklist is prepared and corresponding data is attached on the assessment methods used in the project such as scope of assessment, guideline, program, and use of database.
Green Guide is an environment-friendly building material information website developed by BRE of the United Kingdom launched in 1996 to provide environmental impact information of building materials with user convenience based on quantitative data.
Guidelines must include system boundary for assessment, scope of data collection, and details about data collection for analysis of life cycle list, and detailed guidelines are required to have details about assessment items according to characteristics of each material.
Assessment program can assess environmental performance of buildings according to the database for each stage of life cycle using the established environmental performance data of building materials.
            
    In terms of essential assessment items and methods, Mat 01 item selects the form in which a self-checklist is prepared and corresponding data is attached on the assessment methods used in the project such as scope of assessment, guideline, program, and use of database.
Green Guide is an environment-friendly building material information website developed by BRE of the United Kingdom launched in 1996 to provide environmental impact information of building materials with user convenience based on quantitative data.
Guidelines must include system boundary for assessment, scope of data collection, and details about data collection for analysis of life cycle list, and detailed guidelines are required to have details about assessment items according to characteristics of each material.
Assessment program can assess environmental performance of buildings according to the database for each stage of life cycle using the established environmental performance data of building materials.
Online since: February 2012
Authors: Keishi Matsuda, Hidenori Ishihara
            
                Asama et al. proposed the Intelligent Data Carrier (IDC) with the aim of sharing knowledge among the robots [4]-[6].
(The data’sis low and each of the data size is smaller than a storage.) 3) CASE 3 Sharing like Distribution The data file is stored among several modules as multi-files.
(The data is less frequently referred and the size is very large.)
And the rarely referred data must be archived or deleted from the storage.
is knowledge for the cost reduction
            
    (The data’sis low and each of the data size is smaller than a storage.) 3) CASE 3 Sharing like Distribution The data file is stored among several modules as multi-files.
(The data is less frequently referred and the size is very large.)
And the rarely referred data must be archived or deleted from the storage.
is knowledge for the cost reduction
Online since: July 2020
Authors: Charlos T. Stevanus, Iman S. Nugraha, Alamsyah Aprizal, Adi Cifriadi, Thomas Wijaya, Dadi R. Maspanger, Arief Ramadhan, norma kinasih
            
                Indeed, novel canal blocking could sustain peatland environment through peatland fire risk reduction, carbon dioxide (CO2) emission reduction and increase peatland plantation production.
That data showed the physical properties of natural rubber composite sheet was not significantly change after immersion in peatland water under experimental condition.
Reduction of CO2 Emission The reduction level of CO2 emission calculation was really related to the drainage system. weather and peatland properties.
This data showed linearly agreed with Sundari et al. [8] and Cao et al.[9] research result that CO2 emission increased as lowering ground water level.
and analysis and Mr, Iman S, Nugraha and Aprizal A, for their contribution in economic analysis data dan interpretation Reference [1] A.
            
    That data showed the physical properties of natural rubber composite sheet was not significantly change after immersion in peatland water under experimental condition.
Reduction of CO2 Emission The reduction level of CO2 emission calculation was really related to the drainage system. weather and peatland properties.
This data showed linearly agreed with Sundari et al. [8] and Cao et al.[9] research result that CO2 emission increased as lowering ground water level.
and analysis and Mr, Iman S, Nugraha and Aprizal A, for their contribution in economic analysis data dan interpretation Reference [1] A.
Online since: October 2020
Authors: Mochamad Syaiful Anwar, Rahadian Roberto, Fatayalkadri Citrawati, Miftakhur Rohmah
            
                Some samples were cold-rolled at 30% and 70% in thickness reduction.
Effect of Time of Salt Spray on Corrosion Rate at The Homogenized of Sample (Ho); Austempering Process of Sample (HT); 30% Reduction of Sample (Ho-30%); 30% Reduction Followed by Austempering Process of Sample (30%-HT); 70% Reduction of Sample (Ho-70%); And 70% Reduction Followed By Austempering Process of Sample (70%-HT) Fig. 2.
Sample sequence from left to right: homogenized sample, austempering process of sample, 30% reduction of sample, 30% followed by the austempering process of sample, 70% reduction of a sample, 70% reduction followed by the austempering process of sample.
Visual observation of samples is qualitative data collection using the non-scratch method.
Ho-70% Ho-30% reduction Ho (a) (b) (c) 70%-HT 30%-HT HT (d) (e) (f) Fig. 6 Macrostructure of Product Corrosion After CASS Test for (a) Homogenized (b) 30% Reduction (c) 70% Reduction (d) Austempering Process (e) 30% Reduction Followed by Austempering Process (f) 70% Reduction Followed by Austempering Process Conclusion Fe-Ni lateritic steel with bainite structure was successfully corroded in acetic copper acid of fog environment for 2, 4, and 6 days of exposure.
            
    Effect of Time of Salt Spray on Corrosion Rate at The Homogenized of Sample (Ho); Austempering Process of Sample (HT); 30% Reduction of Sample (Ho-30%); 30% Reduction Followed by Austempering Process of Sample (30%-HT); 70% Reduction of Sample (Ho-70%); And 70% Reduction Followed By Austempering Process of Sample (70%-HT) Fig. 2.
Sample sequence from left to right: homogenized sample, austempering process of sample, 30% reduction of sample, 30% followed by the austempering process of sample, 70% reduction of a sample, 70% reduction followed by the austempering process of sample.
Visual observation of samples is qualitative data collection using the non-scratch method.
Ho-70% Ho-30% reduction Ho (a) (b) (c) 70%-HT 30%-HT HT (d) (e) (f) Fig. 6 Macrostructure of Product Corrosion After CASS Test for (a) Homogenized (b) 30% Reduction (c) 70% Reduction (d) Austempering Process (e) 30% Reduction Followed by Austempering Process (f) 70% Reduction Followed by Austempering Process Conclusion Fe-Ni lateritic steel with bainite structure was successfully corroded in acetic copper acid of fog environment for 2, 4, and 6 days of exposure.
Online since: September 2013
Authors: Wisut Titiroongruang, Laddawan Supadee, Santi Chatruprachewin, Chaba Suriya-Amaranont
            
                The enormous of data shrew corrosion pattern was usually happened at the edge of topography.
The reduction of the overcoat thickness will degrade their corrosion- and wear-resistance.
Electrochemical Impedance Analysis.The general effectiveness of DLC on corrosion protection was determined by potentiostatic polarization measurements [1,2,4] with data interpretation by the Tafel extrapolation method.
Indirect investigation to verify the DLC films weak point is powerful technique to provide the information for process engineer especially for the new process requirements that always continuously attempt to reduce DLC thickness for achieving better magnetic signal during data storage.
CoNiFe high moment material in data storage device was protect from corrosion with Si3N4/DLC films.
            
    The reduction of the overcoat thickness will degrade their corrosion- and wear-resistance.
Electrochemical Impedance Analysis.The general effectiveness of DLC on corrosion protection was determined by potentiostatic polarization measurements [1,2,4] with data interpretation by the Tafel extrapolation method.
Indirect investigation to verify the DLC films weak point is powerful technique to provide the information for process engineer especially for the new process requirements that always continuously attempt to reduce DLC thickness for achieving better magnetic signal during data storage.
CoNiFe high moment material in data storage device was protect from corrosion with Si3N4/DLC films.
Online since: May 2019
Authors: Boonyanit Thaweboon, Sroisiri Thaweboon, Futoshi Nakazawa
            
                Up to 80% and 33% reductions of biofilm mass were demonstrated on P. aeruginosa and S. aureus, respectively.
Table 1 Biofilm formation on PMMA resin 0 Vanillin (%) 0.1 0.5 commercial S. aureus 0.206+0.019 0.138+0.022a,b 0.170+0.040a,b 0.257+0.057 P. aeruginosa 2.382+0.027 0.441+0.197a,b,c 1.356+0.190a,b 2.430+0.162 S. pneumoniae 0.102+0.002 0.116+0.0005 0.109+0.0005 0.112+0.002 * data expressed as mean optical density + SD a significant difference from 0% vanillin group b significant difference from commercial group c significant difference from 0.5% vanillin group Approximately 80% and 44% biofilm reductions were noticed in groups of 0.1% and 0.5% vanillin against P. aeruginosa as compared with 0% vanillin group while 33% and 17% biofilm reductions were observed against S. aureus (Fig. 1).
The 0.1% vanillin group exhibited a significant reduction of P. aeruginosa biofilm mass compared with 0.5% concentration.
Up to 80% and 33% reductions of biofilm mass were demonstrated on P. aeruginosa and S. aureus, respectively.
Interestingly, the 0.1% vanillin group exhibited a significant more reduction of P. aeruginosa biofilm mass compared with 0.5% concentration.
            
    Table 1 Biofilm formation on PMMA resin 0 Vanillin (%) 0.1 0.5 commercial S. aureus 0.206+0.019 0.138+0.022a,b 0.170+0.040a,b 0.257+0.057 P. aeruginosa 2.382+0.027 0.441+0.197a,b,c 1.356+0.190a,b 2.430+0.162 S. pneumoniae 0.102+0.002 0.116+0.0005 0.109+0.0005 0.112+0.002 * data expressed as mean optical density + SD a significant difference from 0% vanillin group b significant difference from commercial group c significant difference from 0.5% vanillin group Approximately 80% and 44% biofilm reductions were noticed in groups of 0.1% and 0.5% vanillin against P. aeruginosa as compared with 0% vanillin group while 33% and 17% biofilm reductions were observed against S. aureus (Fig. 1).
The 0.1% vanillin group exhibited a significant reduction of P. aeruginosa biofilm mass compared with 0.5% concentration.
Up to 80% and 33% reductions of biofilm mass were demonstrated on P. aeruginosa and S. aureus, respectively.
Interestingly, the 0.1% vanillin group exhibited a significant more reduction of P. aeruginosa biofilm mass compared with 0.5% concentration.
Online since: December 2012
Authors: Xiao Bei Zhang, Yong Sheng Zhang
            
                The measured value of the heat transfer coefficient of the exterior walls is better than the designed value before renovation by 1.33 W/m2·K, or a reduction of 80.7 %; the measured value of the heat transfer coefficient of the roof is better than the designed value before renovation by 0.224 W/m2·K, or a reduction of 49.8 %.
To understand the change of indoor thermal environment after renovation, we installed temperature and humidity sensors and exterior wall internal surface temperature sensors in each northward facing room of the #2 residential building in the heating seasons during 2010-2011 and 2011-2012, and set the sensors to read data once every 0.5 h.
Test results of computer-acquired test data for a continuous half month are shown in Table 2.
Comparison of temperature before and after renovation Average indoor temperature [°C] Average indoor humidity [%] Average internal surface temperature of exterior wall [°C] Average internal surface temperature of thermal bridge [°C] Before renovation 15.4 37.7 14.6 10.2 After renovation 22.6 35.2 21.9 15.7 According to the test data, after renovation, the average indoor temperature of the #2 residential building ranged within 19.6–24.4 °C, the average relative humidity ranged within 22.1–46.7 %, the average internal surface temperature of the exterior wall ranged within 18.7–22.6 °C, and the average internal surface temperature of the thermal bridge ranged within 14.6–16.6 °C.
(4) Shanxi Province completed an energy-saving renovation of a total of 4.67 million square meters of existing residential buildings during the 11th Five-Year Plan period, leading to a coal reduction of as much as 46,000 tonnes and a carbon dioxide emission reduction of 115,000 tonnes, so the effects of energy conservation and emission reduction are significant.
            
    To understand the change of indoor thermal environment after renovation, we installed temperature and humidity sensors and exterior wall internal surface temperature sensors in each northward facing room of the #2 residential building in the heating seasons during 2010-2011 and 2011-2012, and set the sensors to read data once every 0.5 h.
Test results of computer-acquired test data for a continuous half month are shown in Table 2.
Comparison of temperature before and after renovation Average indoor temperature [°C] Average indoor humidity [%] Average internal surface temperature of exterior wall [°C] Average internal surface temperature of thermal bridge [°C] Before renovation 15.4 37.7 14.6 10.2 After renovation 22.6 35.2 21.9 15.7 According to the test data, after renovation, the average indoor temperature of the #2 residential building ranged within 19.6–24.4 °C, the average relative humidity ranged within 22.1–46.7 %, the average internal surface temperature of the exterior wall ranged within 18.7–22.6 °C, and the average internal surface temperature of the thermal bridge ranged within 14.6–16.6 °C.
(4) Shanxi Province completed an energy-saving renovation of a total of 4.67 million square meters of existing residential buildings during the 11th Five-Year Plan period, leading to a coal reduction of as much as 46,000 tonnes and a carbon dioxide emission reduction of 115,000 tonnes, so the effects of energy conservation and emission reduction are significant.
Online since: May 2015
Authors: Hui Ting Tang, Yuh Ming Lee
            
                This study will investigate data on changes in the atmospheric environment in Taiwan over the years, and will correlate them to temperature and relative humidity within the comfort range for human beings.
Therefore, a focused analysis of climate data can not only give building users a healthier and more comfortable environment to live in, but also help achieve energy conservation in buildings.
Data from the Central Weather Bureau (CWB) in Taiwan over the past three years (2011-2013) are also included in Fig.1 for comparison.
Tai: The Study of Military Green Building Design in Meteorological Data (Master’s Thesis, Chung Cheng Institute of Technology, National Defense University, Taoyuan, Taiwan 2012)
Chang: Life Cycle Assessment on the Reduction of Carbon Dioxide Emission of Buildings (Ph.D.
            
    Therefore, a focused analysis of climate data can not only give building users a healthier and more comfortable environment to live in, but also help achieve energy conservation in buildings.
Data from the Central Weather Bureau (CWB) in Taiwan over the past three years (2011-2013) are also included in Fig.1 for comparison.
Tai: The Study of Military Green Building Design in Meteorological Data (Master’s Thesis, Chung Cheng Institute of Technology, National Defense University, Taoyuan, Taiwan 2012)
Chang: Life Cycle Assessment on the Reduction of Carbon Dioxide Emission of Buildings (Ph.D.
Online since: March 2015
Authors: Quan Jiang, Ping Zhao, Chun Zhi Zhao, Li Ping Ma
            
                Based on the data statistics at production site and the general rules for market transaction, the square metre, m2, of window is taken as the functional unit.
Data calculation principles
(2) The production data of steel lining adopt those of 100% carbon steel, about 10% of scrap steel is recycled during the production process of carbon steel, but no related data is found, so it is not considered in calculation
(5) Data on the assembling process of windows adopt the internal actual production data of enterprises.
Table 10 Design parameters of rooms Design parameter Data Indoor design temperature in summer 26℃ Indoor design temperature in winter 20℃ Per person occupied area 33.98m2/person Lighting power density in living room 7W/m2 Equipment load 3.8W/m2 Fig. 6 Reference building model illustration See Fig. 6 for the model built with e-Quest software according to the above parameters.
            
    Data calculation principles
(2) The production data of steel lining adopt those of 100% carbon steel, about 10% of scrap steel is recycled during the production process of carbon steel, but no related data is found, so it is not considered in calculation
(5) Data on the assembling process of windows adopt the internal actual production data of enterprises.
Table 10 Design parameters of rooms Design parameter Data Indoor design temperature in summer 26℃ Indoor design temperature in winter 20℃ Per person occupied area 33.98m2/person Lighting power density in living room 7W/m2 Equipment load 3.8W/m2 Fig. 6 Reference building model illustration See Fig. 6 for the model built with e-Quest software according to the above parameters.
Online since: February 2012
Authors: Yin Huan Zheng, Bing Chen, Bei Zhan Wang, Xue Qin Hu
            
                Therefore, the clustering algorithm for numeric data is not suitable to process the categorical valued data.
Data preprocessing based on data warehouse Data preprocessing is an important work for project estimation.
There are four main steps to do the data preprocessing in application system of cost station. 1) Data cleansing: by filling the vacancy value, smoothing noisy data, identifying outliers, and solving the inconsistent data. 2) Data integration: combine the multiple data sources into a consistent data storage, such as integrating data in different databases into the data warehouse. 3) Data transformation: transfer data to suitable form for mining, such as scaling the attribute data in proportion, and make it fall into a relatively small interval. 4) Data stipulation: on the condition of not influence the mining results, compressing data by data aggregation and deleting the redundancy data, that increased the quality of mining models and reduced the time complexity. 2.1 Data cleaning and integration According to characteristics of various data sources of Xiamen project cost station, our system used xml standard as common export format standard of different data sources.
In process of data logging, user can detect data according to system business and technical rules.
Then, we applied the BP neural network and used MIV method to do dimension reduction.
            
    Data preprocessing based on data warehouse Data preprocessing is an important work for project estimation.
There are four main steps to do the data preprocessing in application system of cost station. 1) Data cleansing: by filling the vacancy value, smoothing noisy data, identifying outliers, and solving the inconsistent data. 2) Data integration: combine the multiple data sources into a consistent data storage, such as integrating data in different databases into the data warehouse. 3) Data transformation: transfer data to suitable form for mining, such as scaling the attribute data in proportion, and make it fall into a relatively small interval. 4) Data stipulation: on the condition of not influence the mining results, compressing data by data aggregation and deleting the redundancy data, that increased the quality of mining models and reduced the time complexity. 2.1 Data cleaning and integration According to characteristics of various data sources of Xiamen project cost station, our system used xml standard as common export format standard of different data sources.
In process of data logging, user can detect data according to system business and technical rules.
Then, we applied the BP neural network and used MIV method to do dimension reduction.