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Online since: March 2017
Authors: Emad A. Badawi, Mohamed Abdel-Rahman, M.A. Abdel-Rahman, Mohammed Salah
The diffraction peaks at 2ϴ = 38.6, 44.8, 65.1, 78, 82.1, 98.6 respectively correspond to (111), (200), (220), (311), (222), and (400) planes of face center cubic aluminum as confirmed by JCPDS X-ray powder file data.
The data for the lifetime spectra was analyzed by using the PALS fit computer program [10, 11].
Fig. 3 shows the mean lifetime (t) as a function of thickness reduction reveal that the lifetime increases with increasing degree of thickness reduction up to 15.30 %.
Fig. 3: The mean lifetime as a function of thickness reduction of 8006 Al-alloy. 3.
Fig. 4: Vickers hardness variation of 8006 Al-alloy as a function of thickness reduction.
The data for the lifetime spectra was analyzed by using the PALS fit computer program [10, 11].
Fig. 3 shows the mean lifetime (t) as a function of thickness reduction reveal that the lifetime increases with increasing degree of thickness reduction up to 15.30 %.
Fig. 3: The mean lifetime as a function of thickness reduction of 8006 Al-alloy. 3.
Fig. 4: Vickers hardness variation of 8006 Al-alloy as a function of thickness reduction.
Online since: December 2018
Authors: Yoshimasa Funakawa, Ling Ling Yang, Tatsuya Nakagaito, Katsumi Kojima
When a line was drown though data of steel C4 with ky1 of 300 MPa・μm-1/2 , σ01 became to be 115MPa.
When a line was drown though data of steel C16, C22 and C45 with ky2 of 600 MPa・μm-1/2, σ02 became to be 125 MPa.
To obtain the data of ky in the case of 210℃ aging, Wilson’s data was converted by Hundy10) as shown in Fig.7. ky was saturated to 600 MPa・μm-1/2 when aging time was 360s at 210℃.
Data of C22 aged was on Line (4), ky4 of steel aged was higher than that temper-rolled.
Data of steel C4 of C16 aged were on the line with temper-rolling.
When a line was drown though data of steel C16, C22 and C45 with ky2 of 600 MPa・μm-1/2, σ02 became to be 125 MPa.
To obtain the data of ky in the case of 210℃ aging, Wilson’s data was converted by Hundy10) as shown in Fig.7. ky was saturated to 600 MPa・μm-1/2 when aging time was 360s at 210℃.
Data of C22 aged was on Line (4), ky4 of steel aged was higher than that temper-rolled.
Data of steel C4 of C16 aged were on the line with temper-rolling.
Online since: February 2011
Authors: Wein Duo Yang, Jian Fu Wu, Liang Sheng Qiang, Rui Liu
The counter electrode of DSSCs is not only the function of charge transfer, but also plays an important role in the reduction reaction of electrolyte.
This result demonstrates that spin coating method can provide more platinum to catalyze the tri-iodide reduction.
Charge-transfer resistance is related to the electron transfer of tri-iodide reduction, which shows the catalytic activity of the counter electrode in DSSCs.
Fig. 3 illustrates the cyclic voltammetry and Table 3 complied the cathodic peak current (I pc) and cathodic peak potential (E pc) data.
It means that the reduction potential of tri-iodide to iodide for spin coating and dip coating is much smaller than sputtering method.
This result demonstrates that spin coating method can provide more platinum to catalyze the tri-iodide reduction.
Charge-transfer resistance is related to the electron transfer of tri-iodide reduction, which shows the catalytic activity of the counter electrode in DSSCs.
Fig. 3 illustrates the cyclic voltammetry and Table 3 complied the cathodic peak current (I pc) and cathodic peak potential (E pc) data.
It means that the reduction potential of tri-iodide to iodide for spin coating and dip coating is much smaller than sputtering method.
Online since: October 2014
Authors: Chong Wen Yu, Xiao Feng Li, Siddiqui Qasim
Modeling
1.1 Data preparation and selection of input factors
In this paper, 50 sets of data, collected from a textile mill in Shandong province, was used for prediction, which includes 5 combed and carded yarns of 60S, 40S, 32S, 20S and 16S.
To eliminate the effects of different original variables dimension, the 60 sets of data need to be standardized.
(1) 1.2 Principal components analysis Principal component analysis is an effective dimension reduction technology for data, by which the high correlated variables could be compressed and converted to several new compositive substitutes for the original.
New variables, which were independent from each other, could not only contain the most information of the original data and reduce the number of the input factor, but also simplified the complexity of the subsequent prediction model.
The relative predicted value error (RE) and root mean squared error (RMSE) of 10 sets of validation data is shown in Table-6, and the target fitting chart and epochs of 4 prediction models is given in Figure-3.
To eliminate the effects of different original variables dimension, the 60 sets of data need to be standardized.
(1) 1.2 Principal components analysis Principal component analysis is an effective dimension reduction technology for data, by which the high correlated variables could be compressed and converted to several new compositive substitutes for the original.
New variables, which were independent from each other, could not only contain the most information of the original data and reduce the number of the input factor, but also simplified the complexity of the subsequent prediction model.
The relative predicted value error (RE) and root mean squared error (RMSE) of 10 sets of validation data is shown in Table-6, and the target fitting chart and epochs of 4 prediction models is given in Figure-3.
Online since: June 2014
Authors: Rui Gang Wang, Randi Dangerfield, Shannon Sharp
As shown in Figure 3, X-ray diffraction (XRD) data suggests that such mixed CeO2-ZrO2 oxides are solid solution, rather than composed of a mixture of CeO2 and ZrO2.
Since the peak widths are related to the crystalline size (without considering the strain effects) this data suggests that Ce0.5Zr0.5O2 solid solution has a smaller crystalline size than that of pure ceria, and the Ce0.5Zr0.5O2 sample prepared at 50 oC has a smaller crystalline szie compared with the sample prepared at 150 oC.
Their results are also in qualitative agreement with specific area data, where a maximum is obtained for the Zr0.5Ce0.5O2 sample [17-18].
This suggests that reduction of the bulk lattice oxygen must occur simultaneously with the reduction of surface oxygen.
Analysis of Ce M4,5 white line intensity ratio, obtained from EELS data indicates that the particles in raw materials is in +4 oxidation state and after reduction treatments the particles show a mixed +3/+4 oxidation states, showin in Figure 6.
Since the peak widths are related to the crystalline size (without considering the strain effects) this data suggests that Ce0.5Zr0.5O2 solid solution has a smaller crystalline size than that of pure ceria, and the Ce0.5Zr0.5O2 sample prepared at 50 oC has a smaller crystalline szie compared with the sample prepared at 150 oC.
Their results are also in qualitative agreement with specific area data, where a maximum is obtained for the Zr0.5Ce0.5O2 sample [17-18].
This suggests that reduction of the bulk lattice oxygen must occur simultaneously with the reduction of surface oxygen.
Analysis of Ce M4,5 white line intensity ratio, obtained from EELS data indicates that the particles in raw materials is in +4 oxidation state and after reduction treatments the particles show a mixed +3/+4 oxidation states, showin in Figure 6.
Online since: October 2011
Authors: Joong Kim Hyun, Prakit Sukyai, Byoung Ho Lee, Klana Rong Sriroth
Brown coconut water was used as the medium in terms of production cost reduction.
All tests were performed for at least five specimens and the data was taken into account of the average values.
The PLA/KF specimen showed 17% decrease comparing to 11% reduction of PLA/KF/BC sample.
The reduction in intensity of tan delta was consistent with the rising of fiber contents.
The weight loss of KF and BC (data not shown) began to reduce at around 270°C consistent with degradation temperature.
All tests were performed for at least five specimens and the data was taken into account of the average values.
The PLA/KF specimen showed 17% decrease comparing to 11% reduction of PLA/KF/BC sample.
The reduction in intensity of tan delta was consistent with the rising of fiber contents.
The weight loss of KF and BC (data not shown) began to reduce at around 270°C consistent with degradation temperature.
Online since: July 2011
Authors: Bin He, Fang Zuo, A Li Luo, Yin Bi Li
Testing data
Template.
Testing data.
IRAF was developed in 1986, and becomes a popular tool for astronomical data reduction.
Lipton, "Sloan Digital sky survey: early data release," J.
Data reduction techniques," J.
Testing data.
IRAF was developed in 1986, and becomes a popular tool for astronomical data reduction.
Lipton, "Sloan Digital sky survey: early data release," J.
Data reduction techniques," J.
Online since: May 2020
Authors: Sergey O. Nepryakhin, Danil L. Shvarts
The comparison of the calculated values with the experimental data obtained on a laboratory mill 200 confirmed that the variational principle of minimum total power has sufficient accuracy for analysis of double -T section rolling in universal groove.
The following independent non-dimensional parameters for the unambiguous description of the shape and dimensions of the deformation zone according to this scheme were adopted: the reduction coefficient of web 1/ηw=d'/d; the reduction coefficient of flange 1/ηf=a'/a; relative height of profile flanges b=hf/a; relative thickness of flanges a=a/d; relative length of web lw=lw/d; reduced diameter of horizontal and vertical rolls Ah=Dh/d, Av=Dv/a; slope of the profile flanges tgφ.
Under the influence of web and flanges reduction, profile flanges get height increment Δhf=hf-h'f, and the length of each profile element increases according to the reduction ratio λw and λf.
The obtained calculation data compared with the results of experimental studies, estimating the error of calculation of the experimental data ΔP=(Pcal-Рex)/Рex, ΔМ=(Мcal-Мex)/Мex in percentage.
Calculations and experimental data in the H-beam rolling at the laboratory mill 200 Thickness [mm] Reduction ratio λ Flange spread Δhf [mm] Experimental data of forces P [kN] and torque M [N·m] Calculation data of forces P [kN] and torque M [N·m] Convergence of calculation and experimental data [%] Web Flange d d' a a' М Рh Pв М Рh Pв ΔM ΔPh ΔPv 9.85 7.65 10.9 8.4 1.288 0.9 435 36.5 10.3 494 32.1 11.4 13.6 -12.1 10.3 9.75 7.25 9.55 7.05 1.345 1 555 39.5 11.2 551 29.2 14.5 -0.7 -26.1 29.7 5.75 4.1 7.2 6.03 1.402 1 515 40 18.6 569 48.6 14.4 10.5 21.5 10 5.7 4.65 7.25 5.74 1.226 1 260 33 8.3 327 38.4 10.2 25.9 16.4 23.5 The estimated data have a satisfactory convergence with the results of the experimental studies.
The following independent non-dimensional parameters for the unambiguous description of the shape and dimensions of the deformation zone according to this scheme were adopted: the reduction coefficient of web 1/ηw=d'/d; the reduction coefficient of flange 1/ηf=a'/a; relative height of profile flanges b=hf/a; relative thickness of flanges a=a/d; relative length of web lw=lw/d; reduced diameter of horizontal and vertical rolls Ah=Dh/d, Av=Dv/a; slope of the profile flanges tgφ.
Under the influence of web and flanges reduction, profile flanges get height increment Δhf=hf-h'f, and the length of each profile element increases according to the reduction ratio λw and λf.
The obtained calculation data compared with the results of experimental studies, estimating the error of calculation of the experimental data ΔP=(Pcal-Рex)/Рex, ΔМ=(Мcal-Мex)/Мex in percentage.
Calculations and experimental data in the H-beam rolling at the laboratory mill 200 Thickness [mm] Reduction ratio λ Flange spread Δhf [mm] Experimental data of forces P [kN] and torque M [N·m] Calculation data of forces P [kN] and torque M [N·m] Convergence of calculation and experimental data [%] Web Flange d d' a a' М Рh Pв М Рh Pв ΔM ΔPh ΔPv 9.85 7.65 10.9 8.4 1.288 0.9 435 36.5 10.3 494 32.1 11.4 13.6 -12.1 10.3 9.75 7.25 9.55 7.05 1.345 1 555 39.5 11.2 551 29.2 14.5 -0.7 -26.1 29.7 5.75 4.1 7.2 6.03 1.402 1 515 40 18.6 569 48.6 14.4 10.5 21.5 10 5.7 4.65 7.25 5.74 1.226 1 260 33 8.3 327 38.4 10.2 25.9 16.4 23.5 The estimated data have a satisfactory convergence with the results of the experimental studies.
Online since: May 2022
Authors: Boonyanit Thaweboon, Sroisiri Thaweboon, Cherdkul Sopavanit
Up to 40% biofilm reduction was noticed with S. epidermidis and
P. aeruginosa while that of S. aureus was about 30%.
In conclusion, the present data demonstrate that the development of orthodontic PMMA resin incorporated with vanillin may be a possible candidate for fabricating of oral appliance with antimicrobial property against respiratory pathogens.
Result After a 24-incubation period, the amount of vital biofilm of each bacterium was measured by the cell counting kit and data were expressed as optical density values.
Table 1 Biofilm formation of respiratory pathogens on orthodontic resin Vanillin 0% 0.1% 0.5% S. aureus 0.593+0.019 0.374+0.035* 0.387+0.016* S. epidermidis 0.690+0.022 0.689+0.021 0.390+0.021* S. pneumoniae 0.289+0.017 0.301+0.012 0.293+0.010 P. aeruginosa 2.282+0.051 1.739+0.070* 1.354+0.065* data expressed as mean optical density + SD * significant difference from control Figure 1 displays the percentages of biofilm reduction observed on vanillin incorporated groups compared with a control (resin without vanillin).
Summary The present data demonstrate that the development of orthodontic resin combined with vanillin may be a possible candidate for fabricating of oral appliance with antimicrobial property against respiratory pathogens.
In conclusion, the present data demonstrate that the development of orthodontic PMMA resin incorporated with vanillin may be a possible candidate for fabricating of oral appliance with antimicrobial property against respiratory pathogens.
Result After a 24-incubation period, the amount of vital biofilm of each bacterium was measured by the cell counting kit and data were expressed as optical density values.
Table 1 Biofilm formation of respiratory pathogens on orthodontic resin Vanillin 0% 0.1% 0.5% S. aureus 0.593+0.019 0.374+0.035* 0.387+0.016* S. epidermidis 0.690+0.022 0.689+0.021 0.390+0.021* S. pneumoniae 0.289+0.017 0.301+0.012 0.293+0.010 P. aeruginosa 2.282+0.051 1.739+0.070* 1.354+0.065* data expressed as mean optical density + SD * significant difference from control Figure 1 displays the percentages of biofilm reduction observed on vanillin incorporated groups compared with a control (resin without vanillin).
Summary The present data demonstrate that the development of orthodontic resin combined with vanillin may be a possible candidate for fabricating of oral appliance with antimicrobial property against respiratory pathogens.
Online since: August 2013
Authors: Xue Fang Bao
Research on the key technology of vegetation roofing energy saving
Bao Xuefang
Department of architecture & urban planning of Anhui institute of Architecture & Industry, China
Email: 984813129@qq.com
Keywords: vegetation roof planting technology energy-saving emission reduction ecological landscape
Abstract: This paper focuses on the key technical requirements of roof vegetation, using contrastive method analysis of vegetation roofing heat preservation, heat insulation performance advantages and energy saving and ecological landscape effect, to study the climate vegetation roofing greening plant key technology and application.
Vegetation roofing energy-saving emission reduction effect Energy saving and economic benefits mainly with insulation in summer and heating in winter in roof greening effect, can effectively overcome the influence of summer extreme climate in hot summer and cold winter area of hot, cold winter, improve the building environment microclimate, save the air-conditioning and heating or cooling load, reduce the pressure of city electricity, energy saving
(1) analysis of roof green insulation, insulation performance Green roofs have "natural air conditioning", has a certain heat preservation, heat insulation and energy saving effect,It likes a warm cover the protection of buildings in winter, roof greening in addition to the insulation layer outside the heat insulation effect, the vegetation layer and the planting soil layer also has the performance of double heat preservation, According to the roof greening Hefei area and control area (cement roof) recording observation data: green roof after the indoor temperature increase compared to 2 ℃, (Fig.4) winter warming effect is obvious, double insulation can basically meet the requirement of thermal comfort in buildings in the area.
Vegetation roofing vegetation in the summer, vigorous growth, with luxuriant foliage plant growth, photosynthesis will most of the solar energy into biomass, solar radiation heat and reduce the direct effect on the roof, at the same time, planting grass roof thickness increased, gain ability to resist the external thermal effects, Summer (August) afternoon 14 when the roof greening and the control area of the roof temperature observation data recording, the control area of the common roofing temperature is 50.5 ℃, the green zone temperature is only 35.4 ℃, 15 ℃ floor temperature difference, the indoor temperature 1.5 ℃ contrast decreased (Fig.), so green roof can Fig.4 Vegetation roofing and the common roof and test temperature control effectively reduce the temperature of the roof and the summer indoor temperature, reduce air conditioning load, to achieve the purpose of energy-saving insulation.
(2) vegetation roofing reduction effect Air is the necessary material conditions for human survival, city of oxygen consumption of dense population, the high concentration of carbon dioxide, green plants producing oxygen absorption of carbon dioxide, the ground greening area limited, roof greening of atmospheric oxygen and carbon dioxide balance play an important role.
Vegetation roofing energy-saving emission reduction effect Energy saving and economic benefits mainly with insulation in summer and heating in winter in roof greening effect, can effectively overcome the influence of summer extreme climate in hot summer and cold winter area of hot, cold winter, improve the building environment microclimate, save the air-conditioning and heating or cooling load, reduce the pressure of city electricity, energy saving
(1) analysis of roof green insulation, insulation performance Green roofs have "natural air conditioning", has a certain heat preservation, heat insulation and energy saving effect,It likes a warm cover the protection of buildings in winter, roof greening in addition to the insulation layer outside the heat insulation effect, the vegetation layer and the planting soil layer also has the performance of double heat preservation, According to the roof greening Hefei area and control area (cement roof) recording observation data: green roof after the indoor temperature increase compared to 2 ℃, (Fig.4) winter warming effect is obvious, double insulation can basically meet the requirement of thermal comfort in buildings in the area.
Vegetation roofing vegetation in the summer, vigorous growth, with luxuriant foliage plant growth, photosynthesis will most of the solar energy into biomass, solar radiation heat and reduce the direct effect on the roof, at the same time, planting grass roof thickness increased, gain ability to resist the external thermal effects, Summer (August) afternoon 14 when the roof greening and the control area of the roof temperature observation data recording, the control area of the common roofing temperature is 50.5 ℃, the green zone temperature is only 35.4 ℃, 15 ℃ floor temperature difference, the indoor temperature 1.5 ℃ contrast decreased (Fig.), so green roof can Fig.4 Vegetation roofing and the common roof and test temperature control effectively reduce the temperature of the roof and the summer indoor temperature, reduce air conditioning load, to achieve the purpose of energy-saving insulation.
(2) vegetation roofing reduction effect Air is the necessary material conditions for human survival, city of oxygen consumption of dense population, the high concentration of carbon dioxide, green plants producing oxygen absorption of carbon dioxide, the ground greening area limited, roof greening of atmospheric oxygen and carbon dioxide balance play an important role.