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New materials such as plastics, fiber-reinforced composites and aluminium alloys have found their application into the design and manufacture of lighter, stronger and more reliable wheelchairs [9].
a) Stiffness K: The materials for the pinions and gears of the transmission are alloy steel and the values for the Poisson ratio and the Young’s modulus are: and .
The materials for the engaged gears are alloy steel and the meshing pairs are lubricated.
[14] Salmin Humaira, Design and Implementation of an Electric Wheel-Chair to Economize it with Respect to Bangladesh, International Journal Of Multidisciplinary Sciences And Engineering, 2014
[18] Tianxiang Mo, New Mechanism Used in Standing Wheelchair, Science Thesis in Mechanical Engineering, Karlskrona, Sweden, 2014

Comparison of yield strength with respect to 301 for different elongation To improve crash performance in automobiles, new materials are being used in order to transmit or absorb energy.
Auto manufacturers always quest for materials that are light weight and crash resistant.
Sathya Prasad, Application of cost-effective stainless steel for automotive components, Materials and Manufacturing Processes 24 (2009) 1442–1452
[11] Yingyot Aue-U-Lan, Gracious Ngaile and Taylan Altan, Optimizing tube hydroforming using process simulation and experimental verification, Journal of Materials Processing Technology 146 (2004) 137–143 [12] Lars-Erik Lindgren, Mikael Olsson and Per Carlsson, Simulation of hydroforming of steel tube made of metastable stainless steel, International Journal of Plasticity 26 (2010) 1576 –1590 [13] V.Tsakiris and D.V.Edmonds, Martensite and deformation twinning in austenitic steels.
Materials Science and Engineering A273–275 (1999) 430–436 [14] Filippo Placidi and Stefano Fraschetti, Potential application of stainless steel for vehicle crashworthiness structures, Proceedings of 1st International Conference of Super-High Strength Steels Rome 2-4 November, 2005

Journal of Environmental sciences. 10.(1) 2006, 146 – 152
Chowdhury, Engineering Materials.
Cheran, Crushed Bricks as Coarse Aggregate for Concrete, ACI Materials Journal 96-M60 (1999), 478-483
Koo Su, Estimation of Coarse aggregate Strength in High-Strength Concrete, ACI Materials Journal, 93- M1 (1996), 3-9
Taha, Use of Reclaimed asphalt Pavement as an Aggregate in Portland Cement Concrete, ACI Materials Journal, 94-M29 (1997), 251-256

Materials Nano-materials.
Journal of Construction Engineering and Management, September 2010
Materials and mechanical properties.
Construction and Building Materials, pp.364–369, vol 22 , 2008
Science and Technology of Overseas Buildings Materials, vol 26, 2005.

Influence of Hole size on Crack Propagation Mechanism of Nano-Single Crystal Copper Ge Li1,a, Xianqin Hou1, Zhimin Liu1 1Inner Mongolia University of Science and Technology, Baotou, 014010, China aligeab@imust.cn Keywords: Molecular dynamics, Holes, Crack propagation mechanism Abstract.
Introduction With the gradual deepening research of nano technology, the microscopic mechanism of the material crack initiation and propagation under nano-scale were urgently needed.
The crack propagation and fracture process of metal material were caused by the chemical bonds change of particles at the atomic scale, such as the formation of dislocation nucleation, motion, and empty, twins, micro-crack propagation [2, 3].
Therefore, it is very necessary that the influence of material internal defects such as the hole on crack propagation mechanism were researched.
References [1] Z.P.Han, L.Yuan and D.B.Dan: Journal of Harbin Institute of technology, Vol.38 (2006) No.10, p.1677 [2] Q.Wan, X.G.Tian and Y.P.Shen: Acta Mechanica Solida Sinica, Vol.25 (2004) No.3, p.345 [3] X.J.Wang, B.Q.Zhu and H.M.Wang: Journal of System Simulation, Vol.25 (2003) No.10, p.534 [4] D.Huang, W.M.Tao and Y.M.Guo: Computational Mechanics SINCA, Vol.23 (2006) No.5, p.559 [5] L.X.Cao and C.Y.Wang: Physics Sinica, Vol. 56(2007) No.1, p.413 [6] Y.F.Guo and S.W.Gao: Journal of Beijing Jiaotong University Vol.29 (2005) No.4, p.5

Geometry and material parameters of bengding cantilever beam and tension link is shown in Tab.1.
Acknowledgements This work was financially supported by the Natural Science Foundation of Henan Province (2010C460007).
Journal of Nanjing University of Aeronautics & Astronautics, Vol 41 No. 5, (2009), p. 606-610 (in Chinese) [2] Zhang Junnuo, Wang Ruilin, Shang Limin, et al..
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Chinese Journal of Computational Mechanics, Vol 27 No. 4, (2010), p. 694-697 (in Chinese)

Materials and Methods (1)Literature review: collection and analysis through literature, summarized urban heat island effect cooling and carbon reduction, thermal efficiency and density planting and other related theories for thorough analysis and discussion of the theoretical basis for this study [5,7,8,10,11,12]
(Project Number:NSC101-2410-H-235-005) References [1] Chen C.C., Lee S.H., Research of residential area ecological green roof for reduce the heat efficiency in Taichung ,Applied Mechanics and Materials Vols. 368-370 pp1270-1273 (2013)
[2] Chen C.C., Lee S.H., Research of Artificial sites green roof for energy-saving efficiency in Taiwan Taichung ,Applied Mechanics and Materials Vols. 368-370 pp1342-1345(2013)
&Lee,S.H., Research of green roof and façade vegetation reduce the heat efficiency (I) Journal of Health and Care Science Vol.1 N0.2 p88-103.,(2012),Taiwan(R.O.C
[9] Sendo, T., Kanechi, M., Uno, Y. and Noboru, I., “Evaluation of Growth and GreenCoverage of Ten Ornamental Species for Planting as Urban Rooftop Greening”, Journal of the Japanese Society for Horticultural Science, 79 (1):69-76.( 2010)

PA means physical attributes which include part weight, type of materials and parametric information, such as height, width, length, inside/outside diameters, thickness.
These relations can be identified via the analysis of the material, energy, and signal flow based on port ontology, and can be used to evaluate the functional interdependence and modularity.
Acknowledgements This research is sponsored by the NSFC (Grant No.50775065) and Nature Science Foundation of Hebei Province (Grant No.
Journal of Computing and Information Science in Engineering, Vol.9, 2009, pp.1-10
Journal of Computing and Information Science in Engineering, Vol.4, 2004, pp.197-205.

Electroless plating is one of the most promising methods for the preparation of fully dense nano-materials [8,9,10].
Experimental Materials.
Li: Journal of Solid Rocket Technology Vol. 8 (1995), p.39 [6] T.K.
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Tao: Chinese Journal of Catalysis Vol. 26 (2005), p. 91 [9] N.Y.

Materials are altered and, in many cases, lose their characteristic properties and structural integrity making it difficult to identify them.
Samples of burned materials need to be taken from the fire scene promptly to ensure as little contamination and loss of volatiles as possible.
Additionally, distributions and species of these compounds are different with materials.
Ghosal, Detection and Characterization of Petroleum Based Accelerants in Fire Debris by HPLC, Journal of Liquid Chromatography & Related Technologies, 1995 18,(9) ,1767 - 1786
The incidence of ignitable liquid residues in fire debris as determined by a sensitive and comprehensive analytical scheme, Journal of Forensic Sciences, 1997,42(5),828-832