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Online since: February 2014
Authors: Jin Suo Zhang, Wei Zhang, Jian Xu
Energy data and computing method
Carbon emission is mainly come from Fossil energy consumption.
Currently, the carbon emission is mainly computed by macro statistic data of fossil energy consumption.
Most of the data used in the article are from Shaanxi Statistic Almanac.
The other data are completed by Almanac of China Energy Statistic.
Compared the data ,it is found that the yearly decreasing rate of carbon emission intensity of Shaanxi province is less than yearly increasing rate of GDP.
Currently, the carbon emission is mainly computed by macro statistic data of fossil energy consumption.
Most of the data used in the article are from Shaanxi Statistic Almanac.
The other data are completed by Almanac of China Energy Statistic.
Compared the data ,it is found that the yearly decreasing rate of carbon emission intensity of Shaanxi province is less than yearly increasing rate of GDP.
Online since: July 2014
Authors: Xian Bin Teng, Ran Ran Wang, Yan Ming Xu
Multi-body Dynamics Analysis of V-type Diesel Engine Crankshaft
Wang Ranran1,a, Xu Yanming2,b, Teng Xianbin3,c
1English Teaching Department, Tianjin Maritime College, Tianjin 300350
2Marine Engineering Department, Tianjin Maritime College, Tianjin 300350
ahuangmao818@163.com, bxym4800658@163.com, ctengxbin@163.com,
Key words: Crankshaft; Modal reduction; Multi-body dynamics; Dynamic characteristics
Abstract.
First, by 3d software and finite element software to establish the multi-body dynamic models of the crankshaft, bearing and piston, then simulated the actual engine working condition, and got the data such as crankshaft acceleration, velocity and displacement by the multi-body dynamics simulation analysis.
With the model completed above and importing related parameters, the connecting rod generates model automatically by software based on the related data.
First, by 3d software and finite element software to establish the multi-body dynamic models of the crankshaft, bearing and piston, then simulated the actual engine working condition, and got the data such as crankshaft acceleration, velocity and displacement by the multi-body dynamics simulation analysis.
With the model completed above and importing related parameters, the connecting rod generates model automatically by software based on the related data.
Online since: March 2014
Authors: Jun Mei, Yong Yao, Shun Mei Li
Potential Analysis of Architectural Application of Solar Energy Resource in Panzhihua
Shunmei Li1,a, Jun Mei1,b, Yong Yao1,c
Collage of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang
alishunmei@yeah.net,bmeijun12@126.com,cyy001221@163.com
Keywords: solar energy resource; solar hot water system; shading and day-lighting; photovoltaic system;potential analysis
Abstract: Basing on the meteorological data of Panzhihua, such as monthly solar radiation, sunshine duration, sunshine percentage, sunny days, and transmission coefficient, etc, we analyzed the distribution and application potential of solar energy resource .
The whole world currently faces the major issue of energy-saving and emissions reduction.
Table 1 Solar energy resource rejoins of china [3] Regional Level Annual sunshine hours /h The annual total radiation /MJ/m2 In the same region abroad Remark One Type 2800~3300 ≧6700 India, northern Pakistan Rich regions Two Type 3000~3200 5400~6700 Indonesia, Jamaica Bioscor, Washington DC Less Rich areas Three type 2200~3000 4200~5400 Italy, Milan Resources in general Four type 1400~2200 <4200 Paris, Moscow Poor area The analysis of solar energy resources in Panzhihua According to finish "China building thermal environment-specific meteorological data collection" and the relevant meteorological data in the China meteorological administration website, we calculate the total solar radiation and analyze spatial and temporal distribution of solar radiation in the calculation method of the literature[4].Simultaneously we analyze sunshine duration, sunshine percentage, sunny days and projection coefficients.
According to statistics derived from meteorological data, sunny days and sunshine hours can better reflect the atmosphere transparent condition and the annual average climatology transmission coefficient is from 48 %to 53%.
Table 3 shows the system pollutant emission reduction and environmental benefits.
The whole world currently faces the major issue of energy-saving and emissions reduction.
Table 1 Solar energy resource rejoins of china [3] Regional Level Annual sunshine hours /h The annual total radiation /MJ/m2 In the same region abroad Remark One Type 2800~3300 ≧6700 India, northern Pakistan Rich regions Two Type 3000~3200 5400~6700 Indonesia, Jamaica Bioscor, Washington DC Less Rich areas Three type 2200~3000 4200~5400 Italy, Milan Resources in general Four type 1400~2200 <4200 Paris, Moscow Poor area The analysis of solar energy resources in Panzhihua According to finish "China building thermal environment-specific meteorological data collection" and the relevant meteorological data in the China meteorological administration website, we calculate the total solar radiation and analyze spatial and temporal distribution of solar radiation in the calculation method of the literature[4].Simultaneously we analyze sunshine duration, sunshine percentage, sunny days and projection coefficients.
According to statistics derived from meteorological data, sunny days and sunshine hours can better reflect the atmosphere transparent condition and the annual average climatology transmission coefficient is from 48 %to 53%.
Table 3 shows the system pollutant emission reduction and environmental benefits.
Online since: October 2014
Authors: Mohd Zaki Nuawi, Dieter Schramm, Teuku Edisah Putra, Tobias Bruckmann, Shahrum Abdullah
Abstract.This paper presents the ability of the wavelet transforms for compressing automobile strain data.
This work is expected can give a contribution to the fatigue studies, especially in shortening fatigue data.
The kurtosis for a set of discrete data can be expressed as follows: (5) Wavelet Transform.
The method could shorten the data by 59% retaining 90% and 99% of the statistical and fatigue damage values, respectively.
From the results, it was found that the Morlet wavelet could produce shorter data than other techniques did.
This work is expected can give a contribution to the fatigue studies, especially in shortening fatigue data.
The kurtosis for a set of discrete data can be expressed as follows: (5) Wavelet Transform.
The method could shorten the data by 59% retaining 90% and 99% of the statistical and fatigue damage values, respectively.
From the results, it was found that the Morlet wavelet could produce shorter data than other techniques did.
Online since: October 2013
Authors: Shan Liu, Zhi Qiang Wan, Yao Kun Wang
The external nonlinear aerodynamic force data can be obtained by Euler solver, Navier-Stokes solver and wind tunnel tests.
This will lead to the gradual reduction of natural vibration frequency of aircrafts.
A static aeroelastic response analysis method which can use external nonlinear 3-D aerodynamic force data is developed in this paper.
In addition, the value of aerodynamic coefficient based on flexible data is smaller than based on rigid data.
Aircraft static aeroelasticrespons analysis based on nonlinear experimental aerodynamic data[J].
This will lead to the gradual reduction of natural vibration frequency of aircrafts.
A static aeroelastic response analysis method which can use external nonlinear 3-D aerodynamic force data is developed in this paper.
In addition, the value of aerodynamic coefficient based on flexible data is smaller than based on rigid data.
Aircraft static aeroelasticrespons analysis based on nonlinear experimental aerodynamic data[J].
Online since: July 2012
Authors: Peng Fu, Sen Meng An, Wei Ming Yi, Xue Yuan Bai
With increasing temperature from 300 to 1000 oC, the selectivity for hydrogen and carbon monoxide increased significantly along with a reduction in methane selectivity.
Since acetic acid is one of the major components in the bio-oil [2], it has often been used as a model compound of bio-oil and study of acetic acid steam reforming (AASR) can provide valuable data for hydrogen production from the real bio-oil.
This work provides the thermodynamical data necessary for hydrogen production by the AASR.
The selectivity for hydrogen and carbon monoxide increased significantly with increasing temperature along with a reduction in methane selectivity.
By increasing the WAFR, hydrogen selectivity can be increased with a reduction in carbon monoxide selectivity by increased water-gas shift reaction.
Since acetic acid is one of the major components in the bio-oil [2], it has often been used as a model compound of bio-oil and study of acetic acid steam reforming (AASR) can provide valuable data for hydrogen production from the real bio-oil.
This work provides the thermodynamical data necessary for hydrogen production by the AASR.
The selectivity for hydrogen and carbon monoxide increased significantly with increasing temperature along with a reduction in methane selectivity.
By increasing the WAFR, hydrogen selectivity can be increased with a reduction in carbon monoxide selectivity by increased water-gas shift reaction.
Online since: April 2015
Authors: Jie Xu, Sheng Li Li, Xing Dong Peng, Mei Ling Wang
The results showed that when carbon content was 0.04%, adding aluminum content or reducing silicon content and manganese content, reducing the reduction in previous rolling passes and increasing the reduction of the finishing pass at high temperature was beneficial for reducing the yield strength and tensile strength of the hot rolled strips.
C Mn Si S P Al A1 and A2 0.046 0.15 0.04 0.0043 0.0088 0.021 B1 and B2 0.041 0.16 0.05 0.0041 0.0083 0 In Fig. 1, the results showed that the main microstructure of the samples included ferrite and very little pearlite scattering along the grain boundary with the mean grain size of (A1:28um, B1:27.13um; A2:14.15um, B2:11.55um), and it can be deduced that increasing the reduction of the finishing rolling pass was beneficial, especially in the previous, increasing rolling passes and decreasing the reduction of each pass.
Three samples were tested at each level and fatigue life was calculated after data processing.
Fig. 8 Pictures of support parts after stamping Conclusions When carbon content was 0.04%, it was beneficial for reducing the yield strength and tensile strength by adding aluminum or reducing silicon and manganese, reducing the reduction in the previous rolling passes, and increasing the reduction of the finishing pass at high temperature, which was used to reduce the yield and tensile strength.
C Mn Si S P Al A1 and A2 0.046 0.15 0.04 0.0043 0.0088 0.021 B1 and B2 0.041 0.16 0.05 0.0041 0.0083 0 In Fig. 1, the results showed that the main microstructure of the samples included ferrite and very little pearlite scattering along the grain boundary with the mean grain size of (A1:28um, B1:27.13um; A2:14.15um, B2:11.55um), and it can be deduced that increasing the reduction of the finishing rolling pass was beneficial, especially in the previous, increasing rolling passes and decreasing the reduction of each pass.
Three samples were tested at each level and fatigue life was calculated after data processing.
Fig. 8 Pictures of support parts after stamping Conclusions When carbon content was 0.04%, it was beneficial for reducing the yield strength and tensile strength by adding aluminum or reducing silicon and manganese, reducing the reduction in the previous rolling passes, and increasing the reduction of the finishing pass at high temperature, which was used to reduce the yield and tensile strength.
Online since: November 2012
Authors: Arnaldo M.G. Pinto, Filipe J.P. Chaves, Mariana D. Banea, Lucas F.M. da Silva, Raul D.S.G. Campilho
Many works have been published regarding the definition of the CZM parameters and a few data reduction techniques are currently available (e.g. the property determination technique, the direct method and the inverse method) that enclose varying degrees of complexity and expected accuracy of the results.
The inverse method consists on the estimation of the CZM parameters by trial and error fitting analyses between FEM data and the test results.
The CZM laws were derived by a direct method that used Prony-series to the Gn/Gs vs. dn/ds data.
The values introduced in ABAQUS® for the adhesive layer damage laws, defined from average values of the test data, are as follows: Young’s modulus, E=1.85 GPa, shear modulus, G=0.56 GPa, tn0=21.63 MPa, ts0=17.9 MPa, Gnc=0.43 N/mm and Gsc=4.70 N/mm.
Fig. 5 b) corresponds to Gsc and pictures a significant difference to the data of Fig. 5 a) (Gnc), as Pm/Pm0 varies nearly proportionally with LO for under predictions of Gsc.
The inverse method consists on the estimation of the CZM parameters by trial and error fitting analyses between FEM data and the test results.
The CZM laws were derived by a direct method that used Prony-series to the Gn/Gs vs. dn/ds data.
The values introduced in ABAQUS® for the adhesive layer damage laws, defined from average values of the test data, are as follows: Young’s modulus, E=1.85 GPa, shear modulus, G=0.56 GPa, tn0=21.63 MPa, ts0=17.9 MPa, Gnc=0.43 N/mm and Gsc=4.70 N/mm.
Fig. 5 b) corresponds to Gsc and pictures a significant difference to the data of Fig. 5 a) (Gnc), as Pm/Pm0 varies nearly proportionally with LO for under predictions of Gsc.
Online since: February 2019
Authors: Andrey N. Dmitriev, Galina Yu. Vitkina, R.V. Petukhov, Elena A. Vyaznikova
Reduction Roasting of Titaniferous Ores
A.N.
These mathematical models, among others, allow us to use the metallurgical characteristics of iron ore as the initial data, including in the two-dimensional version.
Diffractogram of pellets Р3 Metallurgical Properties of Agglomerate and Pellets According to the method described above, the physicochemical properties of the investigated agglomerate and pellets (mechanical strength, reducibility, softening and melting points, reduction strength) were determined.
According to the data obtained, agglomerate and pellets correspond to the current requirements for the initial and final softening temperatures.
These mathematical models, among others, allow us to use the metallurgical characteristics of iron ore as the initial data, including in the two-dimensional version.
Diffractogram of pellets Р3 Metallurgical Properties of Agglomerate and Pellets According to the method described above, the physicochemical properties of the investigated agglomerate and pellets (mechanical strength, reducibility, softening and melting points, reduction strength) were determined.
According to the data obtained, agglomerate and pellets correspond to the current requirements for the initial and final softening temperatures.
Online since: July 2016
Authors: Krittee Eidhed, Chokchai Singhatham
Data from this research can be used as the guideline suggestion for the welding procedure specificcation (WPS) and the procedure qualification record (PQR) for the welding repair in the peroid of maintenace.
1.
From the calculated data, the cooling rate of the used tube was higher than that of the new tube with all distances because the effect of carburization, carbon (c) content in the matrix promoted the thermal conductivity properties of the used tube.
Strength (N/mm2) Failure & Location % Reduction strength compared to new tube % Reduction strength compared to used tube Acceptance Criteria New tube 532 Non-weld - - - Used tube 401 Non-weld 20.1 % - - TS-001 394 Base metal of used tube - 1.7 % Accepted TS-002 352 Base metal of used tube - 12.2 % Unaccepted The mechanical tests for tensile (Table 1) and bending properties were shown in Fig. 4(e-f).
The criteria of tensile strength No.TS-001 specimen was accepted because its reduction was less than 5% of the minimum specified tensile strength of two base metal without welding (new and used tubes shown in Table 1) while No.TS-002 was unaccepted because its reduction was more than 5% [9].
From the calculated data, the cooling rate of the used tube was higher than that of the new tube with all distances because the effect of carburization, carbon (c) content in the matrix promoted the thermal conductivity properties of the used tube.
Strength (N/mm2) Failure & Location % Reduction strength compared to new tube % Reduction strength compared to used tube Acceptance Criteria New tube 532 Non-weld - - - Used tube 401 Non-weld 20.1 % - - TS-001 394 Base metal of used tube - 1.7 % Accepted TS-002 352 Base metal of used tube - 12.2 % Unaccepted The mechanical tests for tensile (Table 1) and bending properties were shown in Fig. 4(e-f).
The criteria of tensile strength No.TS-001 specimen was accepted because its reduction was less than 5% of the minimum specified tensile strength of two base metal without welding (new and used tubes shown in Table 1) while No.TS-002 was unaccepted because its reduction was more than 5% [9].