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Inside the porous material, the air flow obeyed the Darcy’s law.
The air flow was assumed to be laminar and isotropic inside the porous material.
Acknowledgement The authors are grateful to the National Science Council of the ROC, for support of this research under grant no.
Kagawa, Study on the basic characteristics of a vortex bearing element, International Journal of Advanced Manufacturing Technology, Vol. 64, No. 1-4, p. 1-12 (2013)
Joseph, Boundary conditions at a naturally permeable wall, Journal of Fluid Mechanics, Vol. 30, No. 1, p. 197-207 (1967).

Schumpeter [7] identified five sources of innovation: the introduction of a new good or a new quality of good, the introduction of a new method of production, the opening of a new market, the conquest of a new source of raw materials or half-manufactured goods, and the process of carrying out a reorganization of any industry.
Davila et al. [10] organized reasons why enterprises undertake innovation: · Improved quality · Creation of new markets · Extension of the product range · Reduced labour costs · Improved production processes · Reduced materials · Reduced environmental damage · Replacement of products/services · Reduced energy consumption · Conformance to regulations Modernization, technological and quality upgradation have assumed great significance in the present day’s context.
[31] Cohen, W., Nelson, R.R. and Walsh, J. (2002) ‘Links and Impacts: the Influence of Public Research on Industrial R&D’, Management Science, Vol. 48, pp. 1–23
, Administrative Science Quarterly, Vol. 46, No. 4, pp. 597–662
[41] Li, J.Z. (2000) ‘The reason and organization of R&D cooperation’, Science Research Management, Vol. 21, No. 1, pp. 106–112

The heterogeneity of Composition and Microstructure in cast large sized 3104 alloy slab HUANG Ruiyin 1,2,a, YIN Zhimin1,b, ZHU Yuanzhi3,c 1School of Materials Science and Engineering, Central South University, Changsha , 410083, China 2Chalco Ruimin Co., Ltd, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350015, China 3Wuhan university of science and technology, wuhan, 430081,china) ahuangruiyin868@163.com, bzmyin@163.com, ctozyz1@163.com Key words: 3104 Alloy, Slab, microstructure,Composition, Heterogeneity Abstract.
As the decrease of the thickness of the aluminum canbody materials, the effect of the secondary particles becomes stronger and stronger, which may lead to the pinhole, cans leakage, or even broken cans etc.
The experimental materials and methods The sample in this research is from the actual production slab, which is melted in 75 tons furnace, then through holding furnace, degassing, filtering, grain refining, finally cast by a low-level mold.
Influence of homogenization on microstructure of 3004 aluminum alloy[J]The Chinese Journal of Nonferrous Metals, 1999, 9(3): 556-560 [4] Graeme J.
Marshall, Microstructural Control during Processing of Aluminium Canning Alloys, 1996, Materials Science Forum, 217-222, 1 [5] FEND Penh-fa, TANG Jinlin, LI Shuan shou, ZENG Dben, Development of Mechanism of Grain Refinement in Aluminum, FOU NDRY T ECH NOLOGY, Vol. 26 No. 3,Mar. 2005：220-223 [6] Johnsson M, Backerud L, Sigworth G K.Study of the mechanism of grain refinement of aluminum after additions of Ti and B containing master alloys[J] .Metal Trans A, 1993,24A:481 [7] LIANG Pingxin, ZHANG Junyao, the macroscopical segregation of wrought alloy, Light alloy fabrication technology, 1987(10):20 [8] WANG Limei, ZHANG Faming, The center segregation of aluminium sheet fof twin-roll continous casting, Light metal,1989(9):55 [9]ZHANG Xin-ming, LI Fei-qing,TANG Jian-guo, XUMin,HUANG Ping, GUO Jin-long, Dissolution and precipitation behavior of 3104 aluminum alloy during homogenization ,Journal of Central South University (Science and Technology), 2009(8): 909-914 [10]Dong Changqin, the

Materials and Methods Materials The viscosity test in this study selected RAP materials milled from the pavement at Nangang industrial zone in Taiwan.
Lin, Engineering characterization of recycled asphalt concrete and aged bitumen mixed recycling agent, Journal of Materials Science. 42 (2007) 9867-9876
Amirkhanian, Modeling viscosity behavior of crumb rubber modified binders, Construction and Building Materials. 23 (2009) 3053-3062
Isacsson, Laboratory studies of diffusion in bitumen using markers, Journal of Materials Science. 38 (2003) 2835-2844
Isacsson, Application of FTIR-ATR to characterization of bitumen rejuvenator diffusion, Journal of Materials in Civil Engineering, ASCE, 15(2) (2003) 157-165

One is starting time limit caused by material supply constraint, namely, the batch production can start only when there is material.
One is priority of material supply represented by (Ci, Sj).
Summary This work is supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant (71001074); Humanity Social Science Youth foundation of Ministry of Education of China under Grant (13YJC630146); Soft Science Project of Shenyang Science and Technology Bureau ( F13-315-5-29).
Ghafari, R.Sahraeian: International Journal of Industrial Engineering and Production Research Vol. 25(1)(2014), p. 55-63
[6]D.Shabtay: European Journal of Operational Research Vol. 233(1)(2014), p. 64-74.

Among the non-traditional machining methods currently proposed for the hard-brittle materials, rotary ultrasonic machining (RUM) is regarded as a relatively cost-effective process that combines the material removal mechanisms of ultrasonic machining (USM) and conventional grinding (CG) [1].
Since the birth of RUM in 1960s, it was primarily applied to drill core hole on brittle materials [3].
Tang: International Journal of Machine Tools & Manufacture Vol. 52 (2012), p. 77 [2] D.X.
Haselkorn: International Journal of Machine Tools and Manufacture Vol. 35 (1995), p. 1033 [5] D.X.
Wang: Journal of Advanced Manufacturing Technology, DOI 10.1007/s00170-012-4509-1 [6] Z.

Previous research conducted on 3D braiding structural composites has shown that they can be considered as alternative materials since they are less prone to delamination and more damage tolerant as compared to laminates.
Materials properties of fiber and resin Fiber Ef1/GPa Ef2/GPa Gf12/GPa Gf23/GPa μf12 Resin Em/GPa μm T700-12K 230 40 24 14.3 0.26 Epoxy TDE 86 3.5 0.35 Table 2 shows the properties predicted by the analytical models and the experimental results.
Chinese Journal of Aeronautics, 2003, 16(3):142-150
Journal of Composite Materials, 2004, 64(19-20):395-448
Journal of Aeronautical Materials, 2015, 35(3):89-96.

The artificial CSOs shall be flowing into the filter performance evaluation device by flow regulator and then discharged after the polluted materials are settled or filtered.
SEM images of solid fabric filter media As shown in Table 1, materials of solid fabric filter media consist of polypropylene and polyethylene.
Oh, in: Development on Materials for Reducing Pollutant Discharge on the Impervious Cover (4th year), edited by Korea Institute of Construction Technology, Korea (2008)
Svensson: Water Science Technology Vol. 46 (2007), p.191-198
Evett: Journal of Environmental Engineering Vol. 124 (1998), p.987-993

The fractional derivative model can describe the mechanical behaviors of viscoelastic materials in a very wide range frequency and need less model experiment parameters to fit experimental data[9], so the fractional derivative viscoelastic model has enough attention in recent years.
Canadian Geotechnical Journal, Vol. 11 (1978), p. 574 [6] Veletsos A S, Dotson K W.
China Civil Engineering Journal, Vol. 38 (2005), p. 87 (in Chinese)
Natural Science Journal of Xiangtan University, Vol. 23 (2001), p. 30 (in Chinese)
Journal of Rheology, Vol. 27 (1983), p. 201 [10] Timoshenko S.

Preparation and Characterization of Coenzyme Q10-loaded Nanostructured Lipid Carriers Qiang Xia 1, 2, 3, 4, a, Jiaying Wu1, 2, 3,b 1 School of Biological Science&Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, China 2State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, China 3Suzhou Key Laboratory of Biomedical Materials and Technology, Southeast University, Suzhou 215123, China 4Suzhou Nanohealth Biotech Co., Ltd., Suzhou 215123, China axiaq@seu.edu.cn, bwjy_seu@126.com Keywords: Coenzyme Q10, High-pressure Homogenization, Nanostructured Lipid Carriers.
Materials and methods Materials.
Müller, Lipid nanoparticles (SLN, NLC) in cosmetic and pharmaceutical dermal products, International Journal of Pharmaceutics, 366 (2009) 170-184 [3] S.
Biopharm., 50 (2000) 61-177 [6] P J Duan, M Luo, T Y Jiang, Investigation of basic physico-chemical properties of coenzyme Q10, Chinese Journal of Pharmaceutics, 6 (2008) 370 (In Chinese) [7] V.B.
Process Eng. 6 (2006) 598-602 (In Chinese) [9] J P Chen, R Rong, et al., Formulation optimization and characterization of nimodipine submicron emulsion for intravenous injection, Chinese Journal of Pharmaceutics, 6 (2008) 234