Search results

For instance, element M can be represented as М ϵ ({m1}, {m2}, …{mn}) where {m1} is the subset describing chemical composition, {m2} is the subset describing the mechanical, processing and other properties of the process material, etc.
The analysis of forging methods showed that weight of the non-controllable factors and factors controllable by adjustment increased progressively from cold forging to hot forging.
However, weight of the factors controlled preventively decreased from cold forging to hot forging.
Cold forging provides a higher forging accuracy and smaller percent of non-controllable factors.
The variability of process factors causes the deformation force to change.

The ultrasonic transmission at the contact interface is vulnerably affected by preload force factors and so on by the vibration experiments of the ultrasonic vibration cutting system.
In the end, the mechanical vibrations are passed to the horn and the longitudinal ultrasonic vibrations are generated by the horn, which the 600 chutes are opened at its front end.
Due to the inconsistencies of the material properties at the contact interface, the discontinuities of the ultrasonic wave at the interface appear.
The small changes of the preload at the contact interface will lead to the unstable output of the ultrasonic energy and impact on the ultrasonic vibration, thereby affects the effect of the vibration cutting.
Seen from the Fig.8 and Fig.9, the longitudinal amplitude of the output is 17.4um and the bending amplitude is 4.2um.The gap is obvious to the theoretical output value and the reason is influenced by the degree of connection interface bonding of the transducer or the horn, preload and the chute in horn.[1] Fig.8 The test result of the vertical amplitude Fig.9 The test result of the bending amplitude Conclusions The physical properties of materials influence the propagation of ultrasonic waves in the material.

Additionally, the residual stress state also affected part size stability and mechanical wear performance.
The experiment of Ghanem [3] showed the change of the cutting parameters can affect the residual stress.
The mechanical and physical properties of GCr15 in the simulation are shown in Table 1.
Table 1 GCr15 mechanical and physical properties Temperature [℃] Thermalconductivity [W/m·℃] Heat capacity Young's modulus [Gpa] Poisson's ratio Coefficient of expansion [10-6/℃] Emissivity 20 52.5 3.4 201 0.277 11.5 0.75 200 47.5 4.1 179 0.269 12.6 400 41.5 4.8 163 0.255 13.7 600 32.5 5.8 103 0.342 13.7 800 26.0 12.0 87 0.369 15.3 1000 29.0 4.5 67 0.490 15.3 This article designed a single factor cutting tests corresponding simulation parameters, the feed rate is f = 0.10mm, ap = 0.2mm, cutting speed is v = 100m/min.
The basic discipline of various factors was concluded through analyzing the results of the workpiece surface residual stress.

The carbon fibre reinforced composites are one such class of materials finding widespread application owing to their superior mechanical and chemical properties.
mechanical and functional properties due to the combination of its constituent materials that possesses desirable properties.
ANOVA is used for identifying the factors that affects the performance measures of quadratic models.
The magnitude of the variables indicates the relative weight of each of these factors.
If any of the responses or factors fall outside their desirability range, the overall function becomes zero.

l Natural factors refer to external environmental factors that affect pipe burst, mostly belonging to the static factors, including soil types, climatic conditions, load and so on.
l Human factors refer to the aspects of design and construction that affect the pipe explosion.
l Soil type.German Gas and Water Industry Association reported that soil property was the main factor that affected pipe explosion, via researching on more than one hundred water supply enterprises [2].
First, different types of soils have differences on pipeline corrosive properties.Corrosion of cohesive soil is much stronger than that of non-cohesive soil on pipeline; second, in different soils sedimentation properties of pipelines are different.
Its strength, ductility, toughness and other mechanical properties decrease significantly, which could shorten the pipe life.

The results shown that the vertical force experienced a steady process when tool was moving steadily in the workpiece; The vertical force in steady state was impacted by material, because the thermal and mechanical properties of different material were not same.
Workpiece was affected by heat and force during the friction stir welding.
The thermal and mechanical properties of material were the factors that affected the heat and force during welding, so as to affect the vertical force.
Fig. 3 Vertical forces in steady state welding different material Table 1 The average dates of vertical force welding different material Material Average force during steady welding Fa [KN] TC4 T2 LY12 8.40 7.35 3.10 Hardness of the material was the composite indicator of material elasticity, plasticity, strength, toughness and other mechanical properties.
Pin surface affected the average of vertical force acting on the material during the steady welding.

This might happen due to temperature changes, mechanical loads, humidity absorption, fluid loads and other factors.
In addition to changes of the waveguides properties, environmental factors can also influence the SHM system itself.
Additionally, any change to the waveguide will also affect the interaction between the changed strain field and the sensor, and typical environmental influences such as temperature changes or humidity absorption can also alter the properties of the adhesive and the sensor itself.
Apart from influencing wave propagation within the waveguide, the environmental factors can also affect the measurement process itself.
The coefficient ge used by Tracy [9] to calculate the sum of in-plane strain from the measured voltage is influenced not only by the stiffness of waveguide, adhesive and sensor, which can depend on various environmental factors, but also by the piezoelectric properties, geometric dimensions and so forth.

Crack-controlled parameters, such as shape factor, characteristic length, and orientation parameter, are found to be significant factors governing strain behavior.
The investigation considered various parametric factors, including crack geometry, support, and loading direction.
The results revealed distinct strain distributions with variations attributed to different factors.
The straight crack demonstrates sensitivity to load transfer through the crack, affecting strain generation at crack tip C2 even being distant from the excitation source.
· Impact Factors on Strain: The excitation-affected area had a predominant effect on strain generation, regardless of crack geometry

Bulk density and moisture content are factors that significantly affect the physical properties of autoclaved aerated concrete (AAC) including thermal conductivity and other thermo-technical characteristics.
The thermo-technical properties were measured using the ISOMET 2104, a portable measuring device.
Introduction Bulk density is the factor that affects all physical properties of every material, including autoclaved aerated concrete (AAC).
Properties of materials are affected not only by total porosity bat also by pore size distribution.
In praxis, however, the materials always have a certain moisture content which causes impairment of its thermo-technical properties.

However they have the disadvantage of solidifying in dendritic structure with large grain size which adversely affects their mechanical strength, toughness and surface quality.
However they solidify in dendritic structure with large grain size which adversely affects their mechanical characteristics, surface quality and impact toughness.
These alloys, which possess excellent casting and mechanical properties, have been increasingly used to replace traditional alloys such as aluminum, bronze, brass and cast iron in many industrial applications, [6].
Micro Alloys Flow stress (MPa)at strain= 20% Strain hardening index (n) Strength coefficient (K) MPa General equation of mechanical behavior ZA22 451 0.384 836.4 ϭ̅ =836.4ε̅0.384 ZA22-Ti-B 405 0.394 763.84 ϭ̅ =763.84ε̅0.394 ZA22-Mo 349 0.495 774.5 ϭ̅ =774.5ε̅0.495 ZA22-Ti-B-Mo 447 0.432 895.4 ϭ̅ =895.4ε̅0.432 Table 1: Mechanical properties of ZA22 and ZA22 grain refined by Ti-B Conclusions From the results obtained throughout this investigation the addition of Ti-B to ZA22 alone resulted in reduction of its grain size and modified its structure.
Kayali: The Effect of Manganese on the Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of Zinc–Aluminum Based ZA-8 Alloy  Journal of Material  Science Vol.42 (2007), p. 8298–8305