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Simulation Study of Gas-Solid Macro-Mixing Characterization in Small Fixed-Fluidized Bed Reactor Wenjing Liu1, a, Hui Zhao1, b, Chaohe Yang1, c, Honghong Shan1, d 1 State Key Laboratory of Heavy Oil Processing, China University of Petroleum, Qingdao, Shandong 266555, PR China azjhjsnh@163.com, bzhaohui@upc.edu.cn, cyangch@upc.edu.cn, dshanhh@upc.edu.cn Keywords: 3D-CFD simulation; Small fixed-fluidized bed reactor; Gas residence time distribution; Macro-mixing characterization Abstract.
Many researchers hope to understand the flow phenomenon by testing and simulation in order to improve and optimize the reactor design.
Currently, Gobin et al. [8] presented their capabilities to predict the overall flow of the form of simulation in large reactor.
Simulation and mathematical model Mathematical model.
In Numerical Simulation of a Gas-Phase Polymerisation Reactor.

Delsman et al. [6] described the design, model simulation, and experimental validation and operation of a microdevice for the preferential oxidation of carbon monoxide in hydrogen-rich reformate gas.
Moreover, numerical simulations for temperature distribution in single-phase flow are also presented.
Numerical simulations Numerical simulation of the single-phase heat transfer characteristics of the MCHE was conducted using a commercial CFD software ANSYS FLURENT.
Chu, A study on the simulation and experiment of a microchannel counter-flow heat exchanger, Applied Thermal Engineering, 30(14-15) (2010) 2163-2172

Foreign scholars on the replacement system on fresh air cooling composite roof carried out extensive and in-depth research, research mainly has the experimental study and numerical simulation, the research content mainly includes thermal comfort [3], design parameters [4] and system control method [5], etc..
And related to this aspect research in China, Literature [6] for room combination of displacement ventilation and cooling air conditioning system in the study, analysis the influence of various parameters on the thermal comfort of human body, based on the human body thermal comfort requirements the most appropriate design value, literature [7]using fluid dynamics (CFD) method is proposed to separate displacement ventilation and cooling plate of displacement ventilation system is simulated, the simulation results show that the cooling roof - displacement ventilation systems can reduce indoor temperature gradient, improve thermal comfort of human body.
Study on indoor thermal environment office space controlled by cooling panel system using field measurement and the numerical simulation.
The influence of cooling a threatening the displacement ventilation system: CFD research.

The facades with ventilated air cavity are researched and developed by many different approaches with concentration on energy performance in winter season [1], simulation and experimental validation of ventilated facade [2], [3], energy performance of open joints ventilated facade [4], numerical assessments of ventilated façade constructions [5], [6], modeling of ventilated façades for energy building simulation software [7], numerical modeling of ventilated facades [8], numerical assessment of the insect grilles influence on airflow and temperatures in the ventilated façade cavity [9], experimental assessments of the summer performance [10], experimental assessment of a a zinc-titanium ventilated façade [11], thermal performance of a ventilated facade with phase change materials [12], CFD modeling of a ventilated active façade including phase change materials [13], solar absorption in a ventilated facade with PCM [14], numerical and experimental assessment of energy active cladding parts
Royo-Pastor, Energy performance of a ventilated façade by simulation with experimental validation, Applied Thermal Engineering, Volume 66, Issues 1–2, May 2014, Pages 563-570, ISSN 1359-4311
Moreno, Modeling of ventilated façades for energy building simulation software, Energy and Buildings, Vol. 65, 2013, pp. 419-428
Sala, A comparative study of the CFD modeling of a ventilated active façade including phase change materials, Applied Energy, Volume 126, 1 August 2014, Pages 307-317, ISSN 0306-2619

The physical state of the entire system was studied using numerical simulations of heat motion, plasma generation and acceleration[2]
A CFD code was used in this research to calculate the aerodynamic thrust as well.
The numerical simulations of the plasma behaviour along with the experimentation showed that the specific impulse and the thrust efficacy gradually decreased with usage due to the uneven receding of the PTFE bar[2].
However, the round-to-rectangle primary nozzle’s underperformance seen in the numerical simulations is a result of imperfect cell contour, which is one of the vital elements of the nozzle[3].
A multidisciplinary approach was used to attempt to optimize the structural and functional performance of a linear aerospike rocket nozzle, using CFD analysis for thrust and nozzle wall pressure calculations[4].

It can be concluded that the modified SST model used in this paper has a good applicability in the unsteady cloud cavitation simulation.
Wang et al [5] studied the cloud cavitating flow around the hydrofoil using large eddy simulation (LES).
In the simulation results, the vapor volume fraction is used to illustrate cavity shape and the deeper color represents higher vapor fraction.
For numerical stability, CFD software tends to ignore the relative velocity between the gas and liquid phase and the thermal effect of phase change, and the dramatic density change of cavitation would be restricted.
From the above, the modified SST model used in this paper has a good applicability in the unsteady cloud cavitation simulation.

Numerical simulation for the three-dimensional laminar flow through a forward facing step channel was simulated by Fluent 6.3 code.
Nakamura et al. [3] obtained results for a three-dimensional analysis by means of a DNS simulation.
A density of ρ=1.225kg/m3 and dynamic viscosity µ=1.78x10-5kg/m-s corresponding to air were considered in the numerical simulation.
The numerical simulation of a laminar flow trough a forward-facing step was presented in this paper.
Carswell: Comparison of CFD simulation to the experiments for forward-facing step, ASME FEDSM. pp. 1-6, 2003

Aims of the experiments were the following: § evaluation of stress-strain state of a statically indeterminate not protected steel structure exposed to fire with non-uniform temperature distribution over the cross section [6], § comparison of experimental results and results from numerical simulation by FEM.
Kozubkova, CFD Simulations of the Effect of Wind on the Spontaneous Heating of Coal Stockpiles, Fuel, 2014, vol. 118, pp. 107-112

Measuring wall temperatures on the surface area of the drying chamber was an attempt to study the temperature difference between experimental data and CFD simulations.
Daud, Editor, Spray Drying: Operation, Deposition and CFD Modelling, VDM Verlag Dr.

It is evident that simulations realization of the conditions APB TAPB W W> , 12 APB TAPB W W> or the conditions 12 2 APB TAPB TAPB W W W> + allows to transform the pair of shear APB into a thermal complex.
When the displacements of atoms are symmetric relatively a boundary plane, two types of defects (symmetric) are distinguished - simple types of defects: APB, TbAPB, SA, TAPB, SFD, superstructure twin FD, superstructure extrinsic FD, some types of CFD asymmetric - PAPB, a big group of CFD.