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Online since: November 2012
Authors: Li Fang Wang
The system first pre-treats those collected data, regulates data and builds concept lattice using the minimal set of attributes which are obtained by attribute reduction.
There are discrete data and continuous data in network data.
Network Intrusion Data Intrusion Behavior Data Data Collection And Format Conversion Data Preprocessing Intrusion Detector Data Preprocessing System Alarm Intrusion Detector Data Preprocessing Attribute Selection And Reduction Establishing Concept Lattice and Producing Classification Rules Rule Reduction Intrusion Detector Data Preprocessing Rule Base Fig.1 Intrusion Detection Model Based on Concept Lattice Intrusion Detection Algorithm based on the Concept Lattice According to the intrusion detection model, the implementation algorithm consists of two parts: the generating intrusion detection classification rules algorithm and the perfecting intrusion detection rules model algorithm.
KDD Cup 1999 includes all kinds of normal data and attacking data.
And attribute reduction deletes redundant information in feature data and effectively reduces the problem dimension.
There are discrete data and continuous data in network data.
Network Intrusion Data Intrusion Behavior Data Data Collection And Format Conversion Data Preprocessing Intrusion Detector Data Preprocessing System Alarm Intrusion Detector Data Preprocessing Attribute Selection And Reduction Establishing Concept Lattice and Producing Classification Rules Rule Reduction Intrusion Detector Data Preprocessing Rule Base Fig.1 Intrusion Detection Model Based on Concept Lattice Intrusion Detection Algorithm based on the Concept Lattice According to the intrusion detection model, the implementation algorithm consists of two parts: the generating intrusion detection classification rules algorithm and the perfecting intrusion detection rules model algorithm.
KDD Cup 1999 includes all kinds of normal data and attacking data.
And attribute reduction deletes redundant information in feature data and effectively reduces the problem dimension.
Online since: December 2012
Authors: Michaela Horalova Kalinova, Darja Gabriska, German Michalconok
One of the modern methods of in-depth data analysis is the process of data mining which forms one stage in a complex process of knowledge discovery in the databases known as the concept of KDD (Knowledge Discovery in Database).
Data mining methods in structural identification In the process of structural identification, we can define the main fields of problems, which are the identification of structural relations, reduction of the system recognition level, and significance analysis of input and output variables.
In primary analyses of extensive databases, the methods for neural networks have proved to be a very powerful tool for data processing.
The main task of this type of neural networks is to reveal spatial representation of complex data structures.
The data mining methods provide large opportunities for data collection and representation, offering suitable techniques to retrieve the knowledge about mutual data dependencies, which can be used in the identification process of complex dynamic systems.
Data mining methods in structural identification In the process of structural identification, we can define the main fields of problems, which are the identification of structural relations, reduction of the system recognition level, and significance analysis of input and output variables.
In primary analyses of extensive databases, the methods for neural networks have proved to be a very powerful tool for data processing.
The main task of this type of neural networks is to reveal spatial representation of complex data structures.
The data mining methods provide large opportunities for data collection and representation, offering suitable techniques to retrieve the knowledge about mutual data dependencies, which can be used in the identification process of complex dynamic systems.
Online since: September 2013
Authors: Pramusanto Pramusanto, Johny Wahyuadi Soedarsono, Sri Harjanto, Adji Kawigraha
The reduction is characterised based on thermogravimetry graphs.
The research found that the reduction of iron ore occurs in some stages.
The hydroxylation is followed by reduction.
The data are procceed for obtaining differential thermogravimetry curves.
This formation affects to higher reduction degree of pellet [6].
The research found that the reduction of iron ore occurs in some stages.
The hydroxylation is followed by reduction.
The data are procceed for obtaining differential thermogravimetry curves.
This formation affects to higher reduction degree of pellet [6].
Online since: February 2013
Authors: Lin Zhou, Jin Fu Xu, Xue Bo Xu
And the multi-objective colligation evaluation model and scientific evaluation system for energy saving and emission reduction oriented to industry characteristics was constructed.
The Chinese government attached great importance to energy conservation and emissions reduction work.
Chinese administrative departments at all levels and enterprises have made some achievements in energy conservation and emission reduction.
A scientific evaluation system of energy conservation and emissions reduction was established based on the characteristics of certain industry.
Through collection and processing of the enterprise detailed data, the original data of quantitative indexes are concluded.
The Chinese government attached great importance to energy conservation and emissions reduction work.
Chinese administrative departments at all levels and enterprises have made some achievements in energy conservation and emission reduction.
A scientific evaluation system of energy conservation and emissions reduction was established based on the characteristics of certain industry.
Through collection and processing of the enterprise detailed data, the original data of quantitative indexes are concluded.
Online since: August 2013
Authors: Di Ping Zhang, Xue Yang Hua
This paper analyzes the problems of energy saving and emission reduction in China's logistics industry.
The American enterprises have applied many advanced technologies in actual logistics activities (such as transportation, distribution, packaging, etc.), including Electronic Data Interchange, EDI, Just In Time, JIT, distribution planning, and green packaging[5].
The development of energy saving and emission reduction standard in logistics industry.
On solving the energy saving and emission reduction problems, developed countries usually introduce various laws and regulations on aspects of energy saving and emission reduction.
Promoting research and application of new technology in energy saving and emission reduction of logistics.
The American enterprises have applied many advanced technologies in actual logistics activities (such as transportation, distribution, packaging, etc.), including Electronic Data Interchange, EDI, Just In Time, JIT, distribution planning, and green packaging[5].
The development of energy saving and emission reduction standard in logistics industry.
On solving the energy saving and emission reduction problems, developed countries usually introduce various laws and regulations on aspects of energy saving and emission reduction.
Promoting research and application of new technology in energy saving and emission reduction of logistics.
Online since: May 2011
Authors: Xiang Xin Xue, Man Sheng Chu, Zhuang Nian Li, Jue Tang, Qing Jie Zhao, Zhao Cai Wang
The mechanisms of roasting, the rules of reduction, and the properties of reduction swelling are also investigated.
The properties of boron-bearing pellets after roasting for 20 min at 1200℃ could meet to the requirements of gas-based shaft furnace direct reduction process, which exhibited fast reaction rate, good reduction swelling properties and high compressive strength both before and after reduction.
Effects of Reduction Temperatures and Atmospheres on the Reaction Rate.
The data revealed that, the time required for 95% reduction ratio is decreased with the increasing temperature and H2 content of reduction atmosphere.
Also, the pellets’ cold strength after reduction is detected.
The properties of boron-bearing pellets after roasting for 20 min at 1200℃ could meet to the requirements of gas-based shaft furnace direct reduction process, which exhibited fast reaction rate, good reduction swelling properties and high compressive strength both before and after reduction.
Effects of Reduction Temperatures and Atmospheres on the Reaction Rate.
The data revealed that, the time required for 95% reduction ratio is decreased with the increasing temperature and H2 content of reduction atmosphere.
Also, the pellets’ cold strength after reduction is detected.
Online since: April 2014
Authors: Yan Yun Zhu, Ting Liu, Jun Zhang
The datum showed that their sulfate reduction capacity increased by 0.1855 and 0.4820 than original bacteria respectively.
Besides this, the sulfate reduction capability of wild SRB separated from the nature are generally low, therefore, to study how to improve the reduction capability of SRB also becomes more and more important.
In this study, SRB with higher reduction capability were obtained through the enrichment, separation and purification.
Among them, the sulfate reduction capability of STP2-1-5(2) and STP2-1-5(4) is higher than that of others.The sulfate reduction rate of STP2-1-5(2) and STP2-1-5(4) increases by 0.1855 and 0.4820 than that of original bacteria, respectively.
Conclusions In this study, the method of barium sulfate precipitation was adopted for the determination of sulfate reduction capability of SRB, the results suggest that 22 strains of them have sulfate reduction capability.
Besides this, the sulfate reduction capability of wild SRB separated from the nature are generally low, therefore, to study how to improve the reduction capability of SRB also becomes more and more important.
In this study, SRB with higher reduction capability were obtained through the enrichment, separation and purification.
Among them, the sulfate reduction capability of STP2-1-5(2) and STP2-1-5(4) is higher than that of others.The sulfate reduction rate of STP2-1-5(2) and STP2-1-5(4) increases by 0.1855 and 0.4820 than that of original bacteria, respectively.
Conclusions In this study, the method of barium sulfate precipitation was adopted for the determination of sulfate reduction capability of SRB, the results suggest that 22 strains of them have sulfate reduction capability.
Online since: August 2012
Authors: Zhu Xing Tang, He Zhang, Hui Hui Tan, Ying Zhang, Ke Zhou Xu
Synthesis of Aluminum Nitride Powder by Carbothermal Reduction
Kezhou Xu 1, a, Zhuxing Tang 1, b*, Ying Zhang 1, c, Huihui Tan 1, d,
He Zhang 1, e
1School of Material Science and Engineering, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo, Shandong, 255049, China
akezhou81@163.com,c zhangying9134@163.com, dtan497976788@163.com, ezhanghe1215@163.com,
b* Corresponding author, e-mail: tangzx@sdut.edu.cn
Key words: aluminum nitride (AlN), carbothermal reduction, alumina (Al2O3), carbon black
Abstract.
In this paper, aluminum nitride powder was prepared by carbothermal reduction.
The experimental data, SEM photographs and XRD analysis showed that higher temperature was conducive to the increase in conversion ratio of Al2O3, the growth of particles, and improving the degree of crystallization and purity of AlN.
Experimental This experiment used carbothermal reduction [6~7].
The carbothermal reduction can occur according to the reaction: A12O3+3C+N2→2AlN+3CO (1) Results and discussion Effect of C/Al2O3 and reaction temperatures on the conversion ratio of Al2O3 Fig.3-1 is the line chart of conversion ratio of Al2O3 in the samples which were obtained in different mass ratio of carbon black and Al2O3 at 1800℃ and 1900℃.
In this paper, aluminum nitride powder was prepared by carbothermal reduction.
The experimental data, SEM photographs and XRD analysis showed that higher temperature was conducive to the increase in conversion ratio of Al2O3, the growth of particles, and improving the degree of crystallization and purity of AlN.
Experimental This experiment used carbothermal reduction [6~7].
The carbothermal reduction can occur according to the reaction: A12O3+3C+N2→2AlN+3CO (1) Results and discussion Effect of C/Al2O3 and reaction temperatures on the conversion ratio of Al2O3 Fig.3-1 is the line chart of conversion ratio of Al2O3 in the samples which were obtained in different mass ratio of carbon black and Al2O3 at 1800℃ and 1900℃.
Online since: August 2013
Authors: Xiu Qin Ma, Wei Li, You Shan Sun, Chao Huang
Survey on Heating Mode
Through site visiting and collecting and analyzing heating energy consumption data of each heating station, it is noted that all the heating stations use coal as the fuel.
The survey covered a total heating area of 17.73 million m2, the calculated pollutant emission reduction potential is shown in Table 2.
Table 2: Potential data of pollutants emission reduction Pollutant Emissions of the heating stations (t) Standard emissions (t) emission reduction (t) CO2 1,122,179 627,722 494,457 CO 25,936 14,508 11,428 SO2 558 312 246 NOX 4,105 2,295 1,810 Smoke and Dust 92 52 40 Slag 52,764 29,515 23,249 Fly Ash 23,744 13,282 10,462 Summary The achievements that north China has made in building energy efficiency are very significant, but some deficiencies are also worth close attention.
The building industry as one of the energy-consuming industries still has a big potential for emission reduction.
Analysis of the Status Quo of China's Building Energy Consumption Data and the Problem of Energy Consumption Statistics.
The survey covered a total heating area of 17.73 million m2, the calculated pollutant emission reduction potential is shown in Table 2.
Table 2: Potential data of pollutants emission reduction Pollutant Emissions of the heating stations (t) Standard emissions (t) emission reduction (t) CO2 1,122,179 627,722 494,457 CO 25,936 14,508 11,428 SO2 558 312 246 NOX 4,105 2,295 1,810 Smoke and Dust 92 52 40 Slag 52,764 29,515 23,249 Fly Ash 23,744 13,282 10,462 Summary The achievements that north China has made in building energy efficiency are very significant, but some deficiencies are also worth close attention.
The building industry as one of the energy-consuming industries still has a big potential for emission reduction.
Analysis of the Status Quo of China's Building Energy Consumption Data and the Problem of Energy Consumption Statistics.
Online since: November 2013
Authors: Qi Sun, Cheng Jun Wang, Guo Dong Liu, Shan Shan Gong
On the basis of 1H and 13C NMR and mass spectroscopy characterization data, the less polar product was determined as 2-phenylbenzothiazole (4) and the more polar product was identified as S-2-(benzamido)phenylbenzothioate (5).
The less polar 2-phenylbenzothiazole (4) was easily identified based on the standard sample and NMR data.
The mass spectroscopic data confirmed that the molecular weight of 5 was 336.0, suggesting that an extra benzoyl group was attached to the molecule.
On the basis of both NMR and MS data, the more polar product was identified as S-2-(benzamido)phenylbenzothioate (5).
Proposed reaction paths upon reduction of bis(2-(benzoylamino)phenyl)disulfide (3).
The less polar 2-phenylbenzothiazole (4) was easily identified based on the standard sample and NMR data.
The mass spectroscopic data confirmed that the molecular weight of 5 was 336.0, suggesting that an extra benzoyl group was attached to the molecule.
On the basis of both NMR and MS data, the more polar product was identified as S-2-(benzamido)phenylbenzothioate (5).
Proposed reaction paths upon reduction of bis(2-(benzoylamino)phenyl)disulfide (3).