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Online since: September 2013
Authors: Pramusanto Pramusanto, Johny Wahyuadi Soedarsono, Sri Harjanto, Adji Kawigraha
The reduction is characterised based on thermogravimetry graphs.
The research found that the reduction of iron ore occurs in some stages.
The hydroxylation is followed by reduction.
The data are procceed for obtaining differential thermogravimetry curves.
This formation affects to higher reduction degree of pellet [6].
The research found that the reduction of iron ore occurs in some stages.
The hydroxylation is followed by reduction.
The data are procceed for obtaining differential thermogravimetry curves.
This formation affects to higher reduction degree of pellet [6].
Online since: July 2014
Authors: Xin Cao, Xin Yue Wang, Gui Juan Song
In this paper, a marketing data mart is constructed and isolates the business data and analysis data based on the customer and transaction of a large supermarket.
Based on the data mart, using data mining technology, the description model and predictive model of customer classification were constructed.
The first part is the supermarket customer and transaction data, it provides original data for the model; The second part will process the data of the first layer, load the data to data mart focusing on customer data, then on the basis of data mart, with technology as the core of data mining based on RS, store the analysis of the results in the classification model library, The third part predicts classification for new customers through the model library.
The following data mining steps are based on RS: (1) Data pretreatment (2) Attribute selection with reduction algorithm (3) Generating rules.
The structure system of customer classification model based on Rough Set According to the customer data in the database and sales data, one of 15 customer historical data is selected as test data sets through data cleaning.
Based on the data mart, using data mining technology, the description model and predictive model of customer classification were constructed.
The first part is the supermarket customer and transaction data, it provides original data for the model; The second part will process the data of the first layer, load the data to data mart focusing on customer data, then on the basis of data mart, with technology as the core of data mining based on RS, store the analysis of the results in the classification model library, The third part predicts classification for new customers through the model library.
The following data mining steps are based on RS: (1) Data pretreatment (2) Attribute selection with reduction algorithm (3) Generating rules.
The structure system of customer classification model based on Rough Set According to the customer data in the database and sales data, one of 15 customer historical data is selected as test data sets through data cleaning.
Online since: February 2013
Authors: Lin Zhou, Jin Fu Xu, Xue Bo Xu
And the multi-objective colligation evaluation model and scientific evaluation system for energy saving and emission reduction oriented to industry characteristics was constructed.
The Chinese government attached great importance to energy conservation and emissions reduction work.
Chinese administrative departments at all levels and enterprises have made some achievements in energy conservation and emission reduction.
A scientific evaluation system of energy conservation and emissions reduction was established based on the characteristics of certain industry.
Through collection and processing of the enterprise detailed data, the original data of quantitative indexes are concluded.
The Chinese government attached great importance to energy conservation and emissions reduction work.
Chinese administrative departments at all levels and enterprises have made some achievements in energy conservation and emission reduction.
A scientific evaluation system of energy conservation and emissions reduction was established based on the characteristics of certain industry.
Through collection and processing of the enterprise detailed data, the original data of quantitative indexes are concluded.
Online since: August 2013
Authors: Xiu Qin Ma, Wei Li, You Shan Sun, Chao Huang
Survey on Heating Mode
Through site visiting and collecting and analyzing heating energy consumption data of each heating station, it is noted that all the heating stations use coal as the fuel.
The survey covered a total heating area of 17.73 million m2, the calculated pollutant emission reduction potential is shown in Table 2.
Table 2: Potential data of pollutants emission reduction Pollutant Emissions of the heating stations (t) Standard emissions (t) emission reduction (t) CO2 1,122,179 627,722 494,457 CO 25,936 14,508 11,428 SO2 558 312 246 NOX 4,105 2,295 1,810 Smoke and Dust 92 52 40 Slag 52,764 29,515 23,249 Fly Ash 23,744 13,282 10,462 Summary The achievements that north China has made in building energy efficiency are very significant, but some deficiencies are also worth close attention.
The building industry as one of the energy-consuming industries still has a big potential for emission reduction.
Analysis of the Status Quo of China's Building Energy Consumption Data and the Problem of Energy Consumption Statistics.
The survey covered a total heating area of 17.73 million m2, the calculated pollutant emission reduction potential is shown in Table 2.
Table 2: Potential data of pollutants emission reduction Pollutant Emissions of the heating stations (t) Standard emissions (t) emission reduction (t) CO2 1,122,179 627,722 494,457 CO 25,936 14,508 11,428 SO2 558 312 246 NOX 4,105 2,295 1,810 Smoke and Dust 92 52 40 Slag 52,764 29,515 23,249 Fly Ash 23,744 13,282 10,462 Summary The achievements that north China has made in building energy efficiency are very significant, but some deficiencies are also worth close attention.
The building industry as one of the energy-consuming industries still has a big potential for emission reduction.
Analysis of the Status Quo of China's Building Energy Consumption Data and the Problem of Energy Consumption Statistics.
Online since: February 2011
Authors: Min Li Wang, Zhi Wang Zheng, Li Xiao
This text studied the affection of the coiling temperature and cold reduction ratio to the adding P high strength IF steel on microstructure, property and textures, and assured the optimal coiling temperature and cold reduction ratio which has supplied the theoretical guidance and reference data to the industry.
(a) coiling temperature: 500℃; cold reduction ratio:80 % (b) coiling temperature: 550℃; cold reduction ratio:60 % (c) coiling temperature: 600℃; cold reduction ratio: 70 % Fig.1 Effect of coiling temperature on microstructure of experimental steel conditions diffrenent cold reduction ratio From the fig1, the microstructure is 100% ferrite.
While the cold reduction ratio is 50%, the ReL get the minimum value.
While the cold reduction ratio is 80%, the A80 gets maximum value.
While the cold reduction ratio is 70%, the A80 gets maximum value.
(a) coiling temperature: 500℃; cold reduction ratio:80 % (b) coiling temperature: 550℃; cold reduction ratio:60 % (c) coiling temperature: 600℃; cold reduction ratio: 70 % Fig.1 Effect of coiling temperature on microstructure of experimental steel conditions diffrenent cold reduction ratio From the fig1, the microstructure is 100% ferrite.
While the cold reduction ratio is 50%, the ReL get the minimum value.
While the cold reduction ratio is 80%, the A80 gets maximum value.
While the cold reduction ratio is 70%, the A80 gets maximum value.
Online since: August 2013
Authors: Di Ping Zhang, Xue Yang Hua
This paper analyzes the problems of energy saving and emission reduction in China's logistics industry.
The American enterprises have applied many advanced technologies in actual logistics activities (such as transportation, distribution, packaging, etc.), including Electronic Data Interchange, EDI, Just In Time, JIT, distribution planning, and green packaging[5].
The development of energy saving and emission reduction standard in logistics industry.
On solving the energy saving and emission reduction problems, developed countries usually introduce various laws and regulations on aspects of energy saving and emission reduction.
Promoting research and application of new technology in energy saving and emission reduction of logistics.
The American enterprises have applied many advanced technologies in actual logistics activities (such as transportation, distribution, packaging, etc.), including Electronic Data Interchange, EDI, Just In Time, JIT, distribution planning, and green packaging[5].
The development of energy saving and emission reduction standard in logistics industry.
On solving the energy saving and emission reduction problems, developed countries usually introduce various laws and regulations on aspects of energy saving and emission reduction.
Promoting research and application of new technology in energy saving and emission reduction of logistics.
Online since: May 2021
Authors: Tengku Shafazila Tengku Saharuddin, Alinda Samsuri, Fairous Salleh, Mohd Ambar Yarmo, Maratun Ajina Abu Tahari, Norliza Dzakaria, Mohd Nor Latif
The reduction performance were examined up to 700°C and reduction was continued for 60 min at 700°C in a stream of 20 vol. % CO in nitrogen.
Temperature-programmed reduction (TPR) method was used to analyse the completeness of catalyst reduction.
The standard diffraction data (JCPDS) file was referred to identify the crystalline phase composition of recorded diffraction patterns.
The TPR profile signified with two reduction stages for reduction MoO3 to MoO2, in which Stage I signified by peak showed at early reduction step of MoO3 to Mo4O11 species.
Meanwhile, the addition of zirconia to MoO3 has a significant influence in the reduction behaviour of MoO3 catalyst by delaying the reduction process.
Temperature-programmed reduction (TPR) method was used to analyse the completeness of catalyst reduction.
The standard diffraction data (JCPDS) file was referred to identify the crystalline phase composition of recorded diffraction patterns.
The TPR profile signified with two reduction stages for reduction MoO3 to MoO2, in which Stage I signified by peak showed at early reduction step of MoO3 to Mo4O11 species.
Meanwhile, the addition of zirconia to MoO3 has a significant influence in the reduction behaviour of MoO3 catalyst by delaying the reduction process.
Online since: September 2013
Authors: Jun Heng, Yun Fei Tian, Peng Yan
Data mining method based on rough set theory and BP neural network is put up.
At last, the mining data by the experimental data of the troops marching warfare simulation system and the result with the actual reference value is obtained. 1 Introduction Essence of modern warfare simulation system is an information processing system whose core depends on the model and data.
Its process contains calling, disposing and transmitting data constantly.
In this paper, for the simulation system data, based on the analysis of military data characteristics, research data classification, sources as well as the formation process, preliminary exploration is made using BP neural networks and rough set in simulation data mining.
The firing drill result data of troops traveling are simulated and analyzed.
At last, the mining data by the experimental data of the troops marching warfare simulation system and the result with the actual reference value is obtained. 1 Introduction Essence of modern warfare simulation system is an information processing system whose core depends on the model and data.
Its process contains calling, disposing and transmitting data constantly.
In this paper, for the simulation system data, based on the analysis of military data characteristics, research data classification, sources as well as the formation process, preliminary exploration is made using BP neural networks and rough set in simulation data mining.
The firing drill result data of troops traveling are simulated and analyzed.
Online since: August 2012
Authors: Zhu Xing Tang, He Zhang, Hui Hui Tan, Ying Zhang, Ke Zhou Xu
Synthesis of Aluminum Nitride Powder by Carbothermal Reduction
Kezhou Xu 1, a, Zhuxing Tang 1, b*, Ying Zhang 1, c, Huihui Tan 1, d,
He Zhang 1, e
1School of Material Science and Engineering, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo, Shandong, 255049, China
akezhou81@163.com,c zhangying9134@163.com, dtan497976788@163.com, ezhanghe1215@163.com,
b* Corresponding author, e-mail: tangzx@sdut.edu.cn
Key words: aluminum nitride (AlN), carbothermal reduction, alumina (Al2O3), carbon black
Abstract.
In this paper, aluminum nitride powder was prepared by carbothermal reduction.
The experimental data, SEM photographs and XRD analysis showed that higher temperature was conducive to the increase in conversion ratio of Al2O3, the growth of particles, and improving the degree of crystallization and purity of AlN.
Experimental This experiment used carbothermal reduction [6~7].
The carbothermal reduction can occur according to the reaction: A12O3+3C+N2→2AlN+3CO (1) Results and discussion Effect of C/Al2O3 and reaction temperatures on the conversion ratio of Al2O3 Fig.3-1 is the line chart of conversion ratio of Al2O3 in the samples which were obtained in different mass ratio of carbon black and Al2O3 at 1800℃ and 1900℃.
In this paper, aluminum nitride powder was prepared by carbothermal reduction.
The experimental data, SEM photographs and XRD analysis showed that higher temperature was conducive to the increase in conversion ratio of Al2O3, the growth of particles, and improving the degree of crystallization and purity of AlN.
Experimental This experiment used carbothermal reduction [6~7].
The carbothermal reduction can occur according to the reaction: A12O3+3C+N2→2AlN+3CO (1) Results and discussion Effect of C/Al2O3 and reaction temperatures on the conversion ratio of Al2O3 Fig.3-1 is the line chart of conversion ratio of Al2O3 in the samples which were obtained in different mass ratio of carbon black and Al2O3 at 1800℃ and 1900℃.
Online since: June 2012
Authors: Yu Yu Liu, Jin Li Qiao, Ling Ling Liu, Li Xu, Lei Ding
Further using rotating disk electrode (RDE) measurements and Koutechy-Levich analysis, the overall electron transfer number in the catalyzed ORR on 40%NiPc/C was found to be 2.8, suggesting the catalyzed ORR proceeds via both the 2e- transfer reduction and the 4e- transfer reduction.
The RDE voltammograms for ORR were performed at various rotation rates and the data were using the Koutecky-Levich (K-L) equations [8]: ik = i·id/(id - i) (1) id = Bω1/2 (2) B = 0.2nFSCo2Do22/3ν-1/6 (3) Where B is the Levich slope, ω is the rotation rate, n is the electron transfer number per oxygen molecule, F is Faraday constant, S the electrode surface area, CO is the concentration of oxygen, DO is the diffusion coefficient of O2 in different electrolytes, ν is the kinetic viscosity and the constant 0.2 is adopted when rotation speed is expressed in revolutions per minute.
It can be calculated the electron transfer numbers per oxygen molecule in the overall reduction process are 2.93, 2.76 and 2.61, respectively.
These data suggest that the ORR on NiPc/C-800 electrode process via both the 2e- transfer reduction and the 4e- transfer reduction process.
For NiPc/C-non, NiPc/C-600 and NiPc/C-900, the electron transfer numbers are all determined to be about 2.2, which suggests that the oxygen reduction catalyzed on these electrodes are the 2e- reduction process leading to great deal of H2O2.
The RDE voltammograms for ORR were performed at various rotation rates and the data were using the Koutecky-Levich (K-L) equations [8]: ik = i·id/(id - i) (1) id = Bω1/2 (2) B = 0.2nFSCo2Do22/3ν-1/6 (3) Where B is the Levich slope, ω is the rotation rate, n is the electron transfer number per oxygen molecule, F is Faraday constant, S the electrode surface area, CO is the concentration of oxygen, DO is the diffusion coefficient of O2 in different electrolytes, ν is the kinetic viscosity and the constant 0.2 is adopted when rotation speed is expressed in revolutions per minute.
It can be calculated the electron transfer numbers per oxygen molecule in the overall reduction process are 2.93, 2.76 and 2.61, respectively.
These data suggest that the ORR on NiPc/C-800 electrode process via both the 2e- transfer reduction and the 4e- transfer reduction process.
For NiPc/C-non, NiPc/C-600 and NiPc/C-900, the electron transfer numbers are all determined to be about 2.2, which suggests that the oxygen reduction catalyzed on these electrodes are the 2e- reduction process leading to great deal of H2O2.