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Online since: November 2011
Authors: Neng Hsin Chiu, Guo Ting Weigh
Friendrich et al [1] pointed out that micro-milling is for 3D mini-element, which can effectively perform micro removal.
Alauddin et al [4] developed a prediction model to optimize end-milling of Inconel 718 for better surface roughness.
Wentian et al [5] constructed a model for micro-milling of aluminum to predict machined roughness.
The method was proposed by Horn et al [10] in 1994 as a pre-selection mechanism, which is described next.
El Baradie, and M.S.J.
Alauddin et al [4] developed a prediction model to optimize end-milling of Inconel 718 for better surface roughness.
Wentian et al [5] constructed a model for micro-milling of aluminum to predict machined roughness.
The method was proposed by Horn et al [10] in 1994 as a pre-selection mechanism, which is described next.
El Baradie, and M.S.J.
Online since: May 2007
Authors: Zhi Yong He, Xiao Ping Liu, Wen Ping Liang, Zhong Xu, Qiang Miao
Table1 Composition of Ti2AlNb alloy (wt %)
Ti Al Nb O N
Bal. 10.82 42.12 0.034 0.0054
Chromizing.
Larsen, E.L.
[8] Zhang Y G, Han Y F, Chen G L, et al.
[9] Wang C Z, Tang B, Su Y A, et al: Transactions of metal heat treatment Vol. 12(3) (1991), p. 43-50
[10] Gu F Y, Qian M G, Li J L, et al: Transactions of metal heat treatment Vol. 14(3) (1993), p. 61-64
Larsen, E.L.
[8] Zhang Y G, Han Y F, Chen G L, et al.
[9] Wang C Z, Tang B, Su Y A, et al: Transactions of metal heat treatment Vol. 12(3) (1991), p. 43-50
[10] Gu F Y, Qian M G, Li J L, et al: Transactions of metal heat treatment Vol. 14(3) (1993), p. 61-64
Online since: May 2014
Authors: Wan Rosli Wan Sulaiman, Ramli Mat, Asmadi Ali, Siti Hamidah Mohd Setapar, Anwar Johari, Tuan Amran Tuan Abdullah, Mohd Johari Kamaruddin
Muhammad Abbas, et al., Dielectric Properties for the Ring Opening Polymerisation of ε-Caprolactone submitted to Applied Mechanics and Materials Journal, Trans Tech Publications (2013)
El Harfi, et al., Continuous direct on-line reaction monitoring of a controlled polymerisation via dielectric measurement, Green Chemistry 13(5) (2011) 1147-1151
Clarke, et al., A Guide to characterisation of dielectric materials at RF and microwave frequencies, The Institute of Measurement and Control, London, 2003
Fang, et al., Microwave syntheses of poly(epsilon-caprolactam-co-epsilon-caprolactone), Journal of Polymer Science Part a-Polymer Chemistry 38(8) (2000) 1379-1390
Edgar, et al., Microwave processing of materials, National Academic of Sciences, Washington, D.C., 1994, pp. 5-59.
El Harfi, et al., Continuous direct on-line reaction monitoring of a controlled polymerisation via dielectric measurement, Green Chemistry 13(5) (2011) 1147-1151
Clarke, et al., A Guide to characterisation of dielectric materials at RF and microwave frequencies, The Institute of Measurement and Control, London, 2003
Fang, et al., Microwave syntheses of poly(epsilon-caprolactam-co-epsilon-caprolactone), Journal of Polymer Science Part a-Polymer Chemistry 38(8) (2000) 1379-1390
Edgar, et al., Microwave processing of materials, National Academic of Sciences, Washington, D.C., 1994, pp. 5-59.
Online since: August 2014
Authors: Wancheng Sittikijyothin, Rattanaphol Mongkholrattanasit, Nattadon Rungruangkitkrai, Charoon Klaichoi, Kongkiat Maha-In, Wiphawan Pimklang, Panida Buathong
Colour strength
(K/S)
Colour value
Colour
obtained
L*
a*
b*
-
Undyed
0.30
95.67
3.07
-9.52
-
Without
-
5.30
56.40
9.62
25.74
AlK(SO4)2
(Al)
10
4.57
59.48
9.35
26.98
20
4.62
58.90
9.28
26.49
30
5.19
58.15
9.74
27.27
CuSO4
(Cu)
10
4.91
55.00
8.71
23.90
20
4.99
57.51
9.35
25.09
30
5.32
55.67
9.61
25.89
FeSO4
(Fe)
10
2.11
60.61
8.12
10.80
20
3.99
52.78
3.60
17.14
30
4.04
50.91
5.76
13.63
SnCl2
(Sn)
10
1.80
72.24
13.75
21.66
20
2.88
69.03
7.92
28.39
30
3.47
66.29
8.62
28.94
Effect of Fastness Properties
The fastness ratings of silk fabric dyed with or without mordants at a dye concentration of 30% owf. and 10% owf. mordant concentration are presented in Tables 2-4.
Colour fastness to washing at 40°C (ISO 105-C06 A1S: 2010) and colour fastness to water (ISO 105-E01: 2010) Fastness to Washing Water W Al Cu Fe Sn W Al Cu Fe Sn Colour change 4-5 4-5 4-5 4-5 4-5 4-5 4-5 4-5 4-5 4-5 Colour staining -Acetate 4-5 4-5 4-5 4-5 4-5 4-5 4-5 4-5 4-5 4-5 -Cotton 4-5 4-5 4-5 4-5 4-5 4-5 4-5 4-5 4-5 4-5 -Nylon 4-5 4-5 4-5 4-5 4-5 4-5 4-5 4-5 4-5 4-5 -Polyester 4-5 4-5 4-5 4-5 4-5 4-5 4-5 4-5 4-5 4-5 -Acrylic 4-5 4-5 4-5 4-5 4-5 4-5 4-5 4-5 4-5 4-5 -Wool 4-5 4-5 4-5 4-5 4-5 4 4-5 4 4-5 4 Note: W= without mordant, Al = AlK(SO4)2, Cu = CuSO4, Fe = FeSO4, Sn = SnCl2 Table 3.
El-Shishtawy, B.
Al-Amoudi, and E.
Colour fastness to washing at 40°C (ISO 105-C06 A1S: 2010) and colour fastness to water (ISO 105-E01: 2010) Fastness to Washing Water W Al Cu Fe Sn W Al Cu Fe Sn Colour change 4-5 4-5 4-5 4-5 4-5 4-5 4-5 4-5 4-5 4-5 Colour staining -Acetate 4-5 4-5 4-5 4-5 4-5 4-5 4-5 4-5 4-5 4-5 -Cotton 4-5 4-5 4-5 4-5 4-5 4-5 4-5 4-5 4-5 4-5 -Nylon 4-5 4-5 4-5 4-5 4-5 4-5 4-5 4-5 4-5 4-5 -Polyester 4-5 4-5 4-5 4-5 4-5 4-5 4-5 4-5 4-5 4-5 -Acrylic 4-5 4-5 4-5 4-5 4-5 4-5 4-5 4-5 4-5 4-5 -Wool 4-5 4-5 4-5 4-5 4-5 4 4-5 4 4-5 4 Note: W= without mordant, Al = AlK(SO4)2, Cu = CuSO4, Fe = FeSO4, Sn = SnCl2 Table 3.
El-Shishtawy, B.
Al-Amoudi, and E.
Online since: May 2017
Authors: Patrick Fiorenza, Fabrizio Roccaforte, Simona Lorenti, Ferdinando Iucolano, Marilena Vivona, Andrea Severino
El, IEEE Trans.
Stedile, et al., Mater.
Biggerstaff, et al., Appl.
Kimoto, et al.
Chanthaphan, et al., Appl.
Stedile, et al., Mater.
Biggerstaff, et al., Appl.
Kimoto, et al.
Chanthaphan, et al., Appl.
Online since: January 2016
Authors: Ritanjali Sethi, Soumya Gangopadhyay, Chandan Kumar Biswas
According to Tong el al. [1], Taguchi method is an implemented experimental technique, used an orthogonal array to perform experiments and employed the signal-to-noise (S/N) ratio as the quality measurement index, to optimize only a single response, i.e., the parametric settings can be optimised with respect to only one performance characteristic at a time.
Sim et al. [2] had studied the variation of hardness and the thickness of WC-Co (material of cemented carbide), generated by WEDM.
Zhang et al. [3] investigated the effect of the EDM pulse current on the micro structure and the properties of the P20 specimen surface.
Ghani et al. [4] published the comparison effect of the end milling and EDM parameters on the surface integrity of AISI H13 tool steel (HRC 50±3).
Singh et al. [5] reported an experimental investigations EDM of OHNS die steel with Inconel (an alloy of chromium, nickel and iron) electrode under machining conditions favouring high electrode wear.
Sim et al. [2] had studied the variation of hardness and the thickness of WC-Co (material of cemented carbide), generated by WEDM.
Zhang et al. [3] investigated the effect of the EDM pulse current on the micro structure and the properties of the P20 specimen surface.
Ghani et al. [4] published the comparison effect of the end milling and EDM parameters on the surface integrity of AISI H13 tool steel (HRC 50±3).
Singh et al. [5] reported an experimental investigations EDM of OHNS die steel with Inconel (an alloy of chromium, nickel and iron) electrode under machining conditions favouring high electrode wear.
Online since: August 2008
Authors: H.N. Yoshimura, Paulo Francisco Cesar, André Luiz Molisani, C.E. Bellinati, Cátia Fredericci, R.Q.E. Alcântara
Yoshimura
1, A.L.
Prado et al
Stumpfe et al.: Mater.
Navarro - El Vidreo (Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas) (1991), p.350
Butts et al.: J.
Prado et al
Stumpfe et al.: Mater.
Navarro - El Vidreo (Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas) (1991), p.350
Butts et al.: J.
Online since: September 2007
Authors: Jean Marie Bluet, Gabriel Ferro, Maher Soueidan, Yves Monteil, Véronique Soulière, Ghassan Younes, Bilal Nsouli, Nada Habka, Khaled Zahraman
Box 11-8281,
Riad El Solh 1107 2260 Beirut, Lebanon
3
Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Beirut Arab University,
P.O.
But, it is very difficult to find attempts of such B doping via liquid growth, except the work of Epelbaum et al.
Savidou et al [10] have shown that, under accelerated proton incidence, B undergoes mainly two nuclear reactions giving γ emission at specific energies, 429 and 718 keV respectively for 10B (p, αγ) 7Be and 10B (p, p'γ) 10B.
One can see that there is no interference with other peaks of the substrate or of other classic impurities found in such material like nitrogen or even Al.
Adding B in 20 µm c) 50 µm a) Fig. 1 : Surface morphology of 4H-SiC epitaxial layers grown by VLS in different melts under 5 sccm of propane a) Si90B10 (10 min, ∼ 2 µm) and b) Si27Ge68B5 (40 min, ∼ 1 µm) at 1500°C, c) Si25Ge75 with 5 sccm of diborane at 1450°C (60 min, ∼ 1 µm). 50 µm b) Fig. 2: Raman spectrum collected on a VLS grown epilayer using Si90B10 melt at 1500°C under 5 sccm propane. 0 200 400 600 800 1000 Epilayer Substrate Intensity Raman shift (cm-1) 0 200 400 600 800 1000 Epilayer Substrate Intensity Raman shift (cm-1) Fig. 3: LTPL spectrum collected at 10K on the same sample as in figure 2. 400 500 600 700 Wavelenghth (nm) Intensity Epilayer Substrate DAP Al-N N-BE DAP B -N DAP 400 500 600 700 400 500 600 700 Wavelenghth (nm) Intensity Epilayer Substrate DAP Al-N N-BE DAP B -N DAP the initial melt or in the feeding gas phase both result in the
But, it is very difficult to find attempts of such B doping via liquid growth, except the work of Epelbaum et al.
Savidou et al [10] have shown that, under accelerated proton incidence, B undergoes mainly two nuclear reactions giving γ emission at specific energies, 429 and 718 keV respectively for 10B (p, αγ) 7Be and 10B (p, p'γ) 10B.
One can see that there is no interference with other peaks of the substrate or of other classic impurities found in such material like nitrogen or even Al.
Adding B in 20 µm c) 50 µm a) Fig. 1 : Surface morphology of 4H-SiC epitaxial layers grown by VLS in different melts under 5 sccm of propane a) Si90B10 (10 min, ∼ 2 µm) and b) Si27Ge68B5 (40 min, ∼ 1 µm) at 1500°C, c) Si25Ge75 with 5 sccm of diborane at 1450°C (60 min, ∼ 1 µm). 50 µm b) Fig. 2: Raman spectrum collected on a VLS grown epilayer using Si90B10 melt at 1500°C under 5 sccm propane. 0 200 400 600 800 1000 Epilayer Substrate Intensity Raman shift (cm-1) 0 200 400 600 800 1000 Epilayer Substrate Intensity Raman shift (cm-1) Fig. 3: LTPL spectrum collected at 10K on the same sample as in figure 2. 400 500 600 700 Wavelenghth (nm) Intensity Epilayer Substrate DAP Al-N N-BE DAP B -N DAP 400 500 600 700 400 500 600 700 Wavelenghth (nm) Intensity Epilayer Substrate DAP Al-N N-BE DAP B -N DAP the initial melt or in the feeding gas phase both result in the
Online since: April 2012
Authors: Ze Ping Xu, Chuan Lun Yang, Xin Qing Zhang, Xiu Zhi Wang, Bao Sheng Huang
[2] TW Liang, YJ Chen, YH Yen, et. al: Process Biochemistry Vol. 42 (2007), p. 527-534
[3] HW Lee, YS Park, JW Choi, et. al: Biol.
[4] Artan M, Karadeniz F, Karagozlu MZ, et. al: Carbohydr Res.
[5] Mendis E, Kim MM, Rajapakse N, et. al: Life Sci.
El-Saharty, Ahmed Abdel Bary: Analytica Chimica Acta Vol. 462 (2002), p. 125-131
[3] HW Lee, YS Park, JW Choi, et. al: Biol.
[4] Artan M, Karadeniz F, Karagozlu MZ, et. al: Carbohydr Res.
[5] Mendis E, Kim MM, Rajapakse N, et. al: Life Sci.
El-Saharty, Ahmed Abdel Bary: Analytica Chimica Acta Vol. 462 (2002), p. 125-131
Online since: April 2014
Authors: Intan Rahayu Ibrahim, Ahmad Maliki Omar, Zakaria Hussain
Ibrahim, et al., “Dual-power PV-grid Energy System Utilizing Multilevel Inverter - An Overview and Alternative to PV Energy System in Malaysia,” 2011
Mosazadeh, et al., “New high frequency switching method of cascaded multilevel inverters in PV application,” Proc. 2012 International Conference on Power Engineering and Renewable Energy (ICPERE), 2012, pp. 1-6
Daher, et al., “Multilevel Inverter Topologies for Stand-alone PV Systems ” IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics, vol. 55, no. 7, 2008, pp. 2703-2712
Dahidah, et al., “SHE-PWM and optimized DC voltage levels for cascaded multilevel inverters control,” Proc.
El-Naggar and T.H.
Mosazadeh, et al., “New high frequency switching method of cascaded multilevel inverters in PV application,” Proc. 2012 International Conference on Power Engineering and Renewable Energy (ICPERE), 2012, pp. 1-6
Daher, et al., “Multilevel Inverter Topologies for Stand-alone PV Systems ” IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics, vol. 55, no. 7, 2008, pp. 2703-2712
Dahidah, et al., “SHE-PWM and optimized DC voltage levels for cascaded multilevel inverters control,” Proc.
El-Naggar and T.H.