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In single phase flow simulation, there is no difference between fluid elements, therefore, it no exists the so-called “relative sliding velocity”.
As the same of solving conservation equation of single phase flow needs a turbulence model to close the equation, therefore, in the simulation of multiphase flow, it still needs the turbulence model too.
(2) In this representation Cm——lift constant (numerical area is normally 0.53) Object of Study and CFD Setting Object Structure.
Simulation Result Firstly, contrast the velocity vectors of axial fore-and-after ventilation in the bioreactor (Fig2).
Thus, the selection of ventilation height (C0＝1/6T) is adopted widely by researchers to continue simulation.

China heguo953760@163.com Keywords: exhaust system; water-collecting box (WCB); spray cooling; Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) Abstract.
Tab.1 Different structures of WCB models Tab.2 Four working conditions in simulation Model L1 L2 Style of turning I L0 L0/2 Folded tube II L0/2 L0 Folded tube III L0 L0 Folded tube IV L0 L0/2 Bended tube Ⅴ L0/2 L0 Bended tube Ⅵ L0 L0 Bended tube Working condition Tin / K Vin / 1 473 10 2 573 15 3 673 20 4 723 25 The Discrete Phase Model (DPM) was used to solve the problem in the FLUENT code.
The simulation of spraying cooling into IV model is done, and the numerical results agree well with the experimental results in Ref. [5].

In the direction OB the distribution of thickness strain is illustrated in Fig. 3, which show a good agreement of simulation with reported experiment results in [16].
According to the Taguchi quality design concept, a array with 27 rows is used for the simulation experiments.
The application of the CFD and Kriging method to an optimization of heat sink.

Wu Di[5] and others come to the conclusion that slurry flow rate and concentration of crystal on the impact is bigger by establishing solid-liquid two-phase flow pipeline transport modeling and simulation.
Simulation And Experiment of Backfilling Pipeline Transportation Of Solid—Liquid Two—Phase Flow Based on CFD [J].

To simplify the model, this study use two-dimensional numerical simulation to reflect the conditions inside foam chamber instead.
In this paper, the commercial software Fluent is used to calculate model based on the finite volume method of CFD.
Namely, the coupled field average data from the numerical simulation shows a monotonic trend as the increasing of the foamability.
Therefore, there is a clear correlation between the experimental results and numerical simulations results.
To evaluate the merits of the two models, the numerical simulations of the two models is going to be compared as follows based on the experimental results.

With the improvement of laboratory equipment and development of computer technology, a large number of experiments and numerical simulations have been made since 1970s..
A large number of experiments show that the method of setting elasticity artificially also could get the same result by simulation based on accurate elasticity.
Tab.2 Parameter of PFC2d calculation Particle parameters Calculation step Partice size range （mm） Surface friction coefficient Particle density （kg/m 3） Wears stiffness Tangential stiffness DEM CFD 0.80~12.0 0.3~0.5 2.65E3 1.00E6 1.00E6 2.00E-7 2.00E-5 size（mm） Wall parameter Fluid parameters L H Wears stiffness Tangential stiffness Surface friction coefficient density （kg/m 3） Dynamic viscosity （Pa.s） Fluid cells 300 500 1.00E8 1.00E8 0.3 1.00E3 1.00E-3 1×1 In order to change hydraulic gradient into velocity recognized by PFC2D software, firstly, using the method of getting permeability though porosity obtains the estimating permeability coefficient of permeability of filter layer.
Strack: A Discrete Numerical Model for Granular Assemblies, Géotechnique Vol.29 (1979), p.47-65 [3] Zhang Gang: Researches on Meso-scale Mechanism of Piping Failure by Means of Model Test and PFC Numerical Simulation, Shanghai: Tongji University, 2007 [4] Mindlin, R.D., and H.Deresiewiez: Elastic Spheres in Contact under Varying Oblique Forces, J.APPI.Meeh., 1953，Vol.20 (1953), p.327-344 [5] Cundall, P.
Tanata: Discrete Particle Simulation of Two-Dimensional FluidizedBed, Powder Tech., Vol77, (1993), p.79-87 [9] Kawaguchi, T.: Discrete Particle Simulations of Gas-Fluidized Bed, Osaka University, 2003

Simulation results show that the introduction of seed bubbles improves the heat transfer performance and suppresses the flow instability simultaneously.
Numerical simulations of bubble growth rate coupled with heat transfer rate was observed to increased significantly by W.
A numerical simulation was performed to analyze the wall heat transfer mechanisms during growth of a vapor bubble inside a microchannel by A.
Figure 2 A section of the computational mesh used in the CFD simulations Figure 3 Comparison of the present work with experiment results [1] Results and discussion Figure 3 shows a comparison of the experimental results obtained by Xu et al. [1] with the simulations.
As can be seen from Fig. 3, the simulation result shows a shift to wall temperature no more than 3 K as compared to the experiment data.

Focal panel of hexahedron six side up and down with the air and surface are direct contact will occur convection, can think it is natural convection, another of the focal panel 19 through holes are installed in the hollow shaft axis, the air inside being heated will also occur movement, because of the limited space in the shaft here is very complicated way of heat is bad for simulation, so in this paper that here is, and coke insulation panel on the surface of the natural convection of the convection coefficient in slightly larger take.
Apparently temperature field distribution in fig.4 should be the same as that in figure 3 References [1]REN De-peng    XIA Xin-lin Analysis of Coupled Heat Transfer in Air Cooling Channel of Aeroengine and Thermal Isolation Layer, ACTA AERONAUTICA ET ASTRONAUTICA SINICA, 2005, 26(4) [2]LI Juxiang    TU Shandong ,Heat transfer of laminar flow over a plate embedded in porous medium with a constant heat flux under local non-equilibrium condition, JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL INDUSTRY AND ENGINEERING(CHINA) ,2010, 61(1) [3]Wenge Chen, Thermal analysis of toroidal field coils of the HT-7U tokamak, JOURNAL OF HEFEI UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY, 2001, 24(4) [4]Guixiang Zhang, Heat transfer analysis for double skin facade of building based on CFD fluid model, CONSTRUCTION & DESIGN FOR PROJECT, 2003, (9)

Simulation and Application of solid-liquid coupled heat transfer in internal combustion engines [D].Hangzhou: Zhejiang University, 2006:39~45
CFD analysis for cylinder head water-jacket in separated cooling type diesel engine[J].Automobile Technology,2004(3):9~12.

The results have been compared with the simulations obtained from finite element model.
In this simulation, discharge gas is air, the temperature is set as 20°C, and the density is 1.205 kg/m3.
Conclusion The transport property of discharge gas under vacuum is investigated by adopting the combination of numerical simulation of fluid distribution, pipe flow theory and Fluent simulation design.
The best sample position obtained from experiments is 20 mm, which is in good agreement with the simulations.
Review on the commercial CFD softwares [J].