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Online since: December 2011
Authors: Satyam Suwas, Srinivasa Ranganathan, K. Sreekumar, Parameshwar Prasad Sinha, P. Ramesh Narayanan
Electron back-scatter diffraction (EBSD) measurements were carried out on the QUANTA FEG SEM, with TSL data acquisition software.
A close observation of the α and β fibres indicate the weakening of Cu and Bs texture components with increase in the cold rolling reduction.
In order to understand the texture development in the three types of alloys, ф2 sections of the ODFs for similar cold reduction (70%) were compared.
Image Quality Maps for cold rolled samples of AA7075 alloy (a) and (b) and AFRNOR7020 alloy (c) and (d) stronger with an increase in cold reduction.
The deformation texture components Cu, Bs and S increase with rolling reduction for both the alloys. 2.
A close observation of the α and β fibres indicate the weakening of Cu and Bs texture components with increase in the cold rolling reduction.
In order to understand the texture development in the three types of alloys, ф2 sections of the ODFs for similar cold reduction (70%) were compared.
Image Quality Maps for cold rolled samples of AA7075 alloy (a) and (b) and AFRNOR7020 alloy (c) and (d) stronger with an increase in cold reduction.
The deformation texture components Cu, Bs and S increase with rolling reduction for both the alloys. 2.
Online since: February 2018
Authors: C. Daniel, L. Sarala, D. Tensing, S. Sundar Manoharan, Hemalatha G
The damper displacement due to an earthquake or strong wind, implies a reduction in the maximum damping force by about 15%.
The damper was fixed to the ground floor16 of the frame as shown in Fig. 8.a. and Fig 8. b. is Data Aquitition system connected with the shake table.
Data Acquisition, c).
The displacement was measured at all the floor levels through the data acquisition system.
Maximum vibration reduction for Shear mode MR damper was proved in Shake table test where the displacement reduced by 40 to 67%.
The damper was fixed to the ground floor16 of the frame as shown in Fig. 8.a. and Fig 8. b. is Data Aquitition system connected with the shake table.
Data Acquisition, c).
The displacement was measured at all the floor levels through the data acquisition system.
Maximum vibration reduction for Shear mode MR damper was proved in Shake table test where the displacement reduced by 40 to 67%.
Online since: January 2010
Authors: Giuliano Angella
In the second heat treatment alloy the work hardening data showed a single linear
region at high stresses, whilst no linear stage occurred at low stresses.
In HT2 material the work hardening data show a single linear behaviour, limited only at high stresses.
The linear data at high stresses are not significantly different to the HT1 alloy and they can be attributed to the Stage III of work hardening, i.e.
In the HT1material the work hardening data presented two linear regions: at high stresses the linearity has been described as the conventional Stage III of work hardening, whilst at low stresses the data linearity has not been rationalised in any conventional stage of work hardening.
In the HT2 alloy the work hardening data showed a single linear region at high stresses, i.e.
In HT2 material the work hardening data show a single linear behaviour, limited only at high stresses.
The linear data at high stresses are not significantly different to the HT1 alloy and they can be attributed to the Stage III of work hardening, i.e.
In the HT1material the work hardening data presented two linear regions: at high stresses the linearity has been described as the conventional Stage III of work hardening, whilst at low stresses the data linearity has not been rationalised in any conventional stage of work hardening.
In the HT2 alloy the work hardening data showed a single linear region at high stresses, i.e.
Online since: October 2014
Authors: Jian Xing Ren, Tian Yu Sun, Qing Yang Wang, Jian Zhang
Data presented in Table 1.
Unit parameters parameter symbol/unit data Circulating water quantity to heat 1375 Efficiency of boiler 0.942 Generating efficiency 0.415 Run time 5040 The value of standard coal combustion 29260 A water source heat pump can make the circulating water inlet and outlet temperature of 29 ˚C /21 ˚C and the heating end inlet and outlet temperature of 50 ˚C /60 ˚C.Checking the table enthalpy of water, enthalpy value was obtained the corresponding temperature.
Data presented in Table 2.
Water source heat pump parameters parameter symbol/unit data parameter symbol/unit data Water source heat pump water flow 1375 COP 5 Circulating water inlet temperature 29 Circulating water inlet water enthalpy 122.10 Circulating water heating temperature 21 Circulating water heating water enthalpy 88.659 The heating end inlet temperature 50 The heating end inlet water enthalpy 209.85 The heating end outlet temperature 60 The heating end outlet water enthalpy 251.67 Heat capacity of water source heat pump system is the water source heat pump system driven by energy consumption of the sum of electricity and waste heat extracted from the circulating water, the heat absorbed by the condensate, the condensation of water absorbing heat: It absorbs heat into the amount of coal equivalent, in other words this part of the amount of saving coal is the recovery from the waste heat of exhaust steam, the amount of coal equivalent is saved as: The consumed energy water source
References [1] the ‘12th Five-Year Plan’ energy reduction comprehensive reform[J].Shanghai Energy Conservation, 2011(10):2-8
Unit parameters parameter symbol/unit data Circulating water quantity to heat 1375 Efficiency of boiler 0.942 Generating efficiency 0.415 Run time 5040 The value of standard coal combustion 29260 A water source heat pump can make the circulating water inlet and outlet temperature of 29 ˚C /21 ˚C and the heating end inlet and outlet temperature of 50 ˚C /60 ˚C.Checking the table enthalpy of water, enthalpy value was obtained the corresponding temperature.
Data presented in Table 2.
Water source heat pump parameters parameter symbol/unit data parameter symbol/unit data Water source heat pump water flow 1375 COP 5 Circulating water inlet temperature 29 Circulating water inlet water enthalpy 122.10 Circulating water heating temperature 21 Circulating water heating water enthalpy 88.659 The heating end inlet temperature 50 The heating end inlet water enthalpy 209.85 The heating end outlet temperature 60 The heating end outlet water enthalpy 251.67 Heat capacity of water source heat pump system is the water source heat pump system driven by energy consumption of the sum of electricity and waste heat extracted from the circulating water, the heat absorbed by the condensate, the condensation of water absorbing heat: It absorbs heat into the amount of coal equivalent, in other words this part of the amount of saving coal is the recovery from the waste heat of exhaust steam, the amount of coal equivalent is saved as: The consumed energy water source
References [1] the ‘12th Five-Year Plan’ energy reduction comprehensive reform[J].Shanghai Energy Conservation, 2011(10):2-8
Online since: February 2024
Authors: Wan Norlinda Roshana binti Mohd Nawi, Nor Haleeda binti Mudzarol
For CCUS technology to be widely used, more accurate evaluation work based on geological, geophysical, geochemical, rock mechanical, and other data should be done.
Illustrated Case Study The CTS-PTA is tabulated using secondary data from a variety of sources.
Table 1 shows the CO2 data sources (S) and demands (D).
The algebraic targeting approach was used on secondary data to assess the potential CO2 utilisation management by meeting CO2 demands at different purities.
The use of this innovative approach resulted in a 47% reduction in CO2 storage.
Illustrated Case Study The CTS-PTA is tabulated using secondary data from a variety of sources.
Table 1 shows the CO2 data sources (S) and demands (D).
The algebraic targeting approach was used on secondary data to assess the potential CO2 utilisation management by meeting CO2 demands at different purities.
The use of this innovative approach resulted in a 47% reduction in CO2 storage.
Online since: March 2013
Authors: Dan Zhang
Activated carbon supported gold nanoparticles (Au/C) were prepared by a chemical reduction process using NaBH4 as a reducing agent.
The X-ray powder diffraction (XRD) data of the Au/C catalyst was collected using a D/Max-2200PC X-ray diffractometer (Rigaku, Japan) with Cu Kα radiation (λ = 1.5406 Å) at a step rate of 0.02 °/s.
Since no surface oxidation or reduction occurred in a relatively negative potential Fig. 2 XRD pattern of Au/C.
Q2: the amounts of electricity expended for reduction of gold oxides corresponding to the different positive potential limits.
ΔQ: the increment of Q2 between two adjacent positive limits corresponding to gold oxides reduction.
The X-ray powder diffraction (XRD) data of the Au/C catalyst was collected using a D/Max-2200PC X-ray diffractometer (Rigaku, Japan) with Cu Kα radiation (λ = 1.5406 Å) at a step rate of 0.02 °/s.
Since no surface oxidation or reduction occurred in a relatively negative potential Fig. 2 XRD pattern of Au/C.
Q2: the amounts of electricity expended for reduction of gold oxides corresponding to the different positive potential limits.
ΔQ: the increment of Q2 between two adjacent positive limits corresponding to gold oxides reduction.
Online since: September 2016
Authors: Mikhail S. Lipkin, M.S. Lipkin, V.I. Lachin
Selected current pulse mode effect corresponds to the reduction of the emergence of new centers of crystallization probability and the adatoms on the surface of the cathode movement probability.
The main focus of this improvement is the clarification of the conditions of reduction of dispersion of the resulting product.
Chronopotentiogramms of copper ions reduction and potential transient obtained on potentiostat P8-nano [24].
Mode 2: Pulse time less than the transfer time of the copper complex (I) reduction (point B in Fig. 1a.) and is equal to 0.8 sec.
Comparing the simulation results with the experimental data, we can conclude that the conditions for the complete consumption of the electroactive material into the electrode surface with preservation of the diffusion layer in the pause correspond to decrease of the probability of the emergence of new centers of crystallization and movement of the adatoms on the surface of the cathode.
The main focus of this improvement is the clarification of the conditions of reduction of dispersion of the resulting product.
Chronopotentiogramms of copper ions reduction and potential transient obtained on potentiostat P8-nano [24].
Mode 2: Pulse time less than the transfer time of the copper complex (I) reduction (point B in Fig. 1a.) and is equal to 0.8 sec.
Comparing the simulation results with the experimental data, we can conclude that the conditions for the complete consumption of the electroactive material into the electrode surface with preservation of the diffusion layer in the pause correspond to decrease of the probability of the emergence of new centers of crystallization and movement of the adatoms on the surface of the cathode.
Online since: May 2016
Authors: Bengt Gunnar Svensson, Roberta Nipoti, Anders Hallén, Hussein M. Ayedh
A significant reduction of the VC concentration was demonstrated by the slow cooling rate.
Results and Discussion Reduction of the [VC] by a slow cooling rate.
process, further reduction of the [VC] can be accomplished.
The data in Fig. 2 forms a line that represents the formation of VC’s and the measured values represent quenched concentrations, since fast cooling was applied.
The effective reduction of the [VC] in both approaches mentioned above can be attributed to one of the following two mechanisms.
Results and Discussion Reduction of the [VC] by a slow cooling rate.
process, further reduction of the [VC] can be accomplished.
The data in Fig. 2 forms a line that represents the formation of VC’s and the measured values represent quenched concentrations, since fast cooling was applied.
The effective reduction of the [VC] in both approaches mentioned above can be attributed to one of the following two mechanisms.
Online since: June 2012
Authors: Antonios Kladas, Themistoklis D. Kefalas
Reduction of Power Grid Losses by Using
Energy Efficient Distribution Transformers
Themistoklis D.
As a result, the reduction of no-load loss of distribution transformers has attracted in recent years the interest of researchers, transformer manufacturers, and electrical utilities [6].
The reduction of no-load losses and the consequent minimization of operating and manufacturing costs of transformers can be achieved by methods of forecasting no-load losses during the design phase of the transformer.
The specific experimental setup involves the usage of search test coils, a sampling card and appropriate computational analysis of measured data using LabVIEW software [9]-[12].
The development of the proposed methods has led to the reduction of the manufacturing and operating costs of wound core distribution transformers.
As a result, the reduction of no-load loss of distribution transformers has attracted in recent years the interest of researchers, transformer manufacturers, and electrical utilities [6].
The reduction of no-load losses and the consequent minimization of operating and manufacturing costs of transformers can be achieved by methods of forecasting no-load losses during the design phase of the transformer.
The specific experimental setup involves the usage of search test coils, a sampling card and appropriate computational analysis of measured data using LabVIEW software [9]-[12].
The development of the proposed methods has led to the reduction of the manufacturing and operating costs of wound core distribution transformers.
Online since: August 2010
Authors: Taghi Tawakoli, Bahman Azarhoushang
Reducing the static cutting edges via segmenting the wheel which automatically leads to reduction
of momentarily engaging cutting edges results in a reduction of rubbing and plowing regimes and
therefore a decrease in the specific grinding energy.
Reducing the static cutting edges via segmenting the grinding wheel which automatically leads to reduction of momentarily engaging cutting edges results in a reduction of rubbing and plowing regimes and therefore a decrease in specific grinding energy.
In order to achieve reliable data each test was repeated three times.
Hence grinding forces acting on each active grain are decreased, resulting in a reduction of total grinding forces.
Furthermore, the considerable force reduction by employing the T-Tool wheel may also be interpreted as a reduction in the generated heat in the contact zone.
Reducing the static cutting edges via segmenting the grinding wheel which automatically leads to reduction of momentarily engaging cutting edges results in a reduction of rubbing and plowing regimes and therefore a decrease in specific grinding energy.
In order to achieve reliable data each test was repeated three times.
Hence grinding forces acting on each active grain are decreased, resulting in a reduction of total grinding forces.
Furthermore, the considerable force reduction by employing the T-Tool wheel may also be interpreted as a reduction in the generated heat in the contact zone.