Sort by:
Publication Type:
Open access:
Publication Date:
Periodicals:
Search results
Online since: January 2014
Authors: Zhong Sheng Wang, Li Min Li
K-means clustering based on feature weights optimizing
K-means [9] clustering method cut data set containing n data points into k subsets, in which represents each data point contains m features.
is the distance of ith data point and jth data point, which can be calculated by the equation: (2) Constraint condition of Eq1 is as follow: (3) Eq3 shows that each data point of X belongs to only one class.
Test results and analysis We use fault test data of the case western reserve university bearing data center as the test data [10].
[10].The Case Western Reserve University Bearing Data Center.
Bearing data center fault test data[EB/OL]. http://www.eecs.cwru.edu/laboratory/ bearing/ [2011-01-01]
is the distance of ith data point and jth data point, which can be calculated by the equation: (2) Constraint condition of Eq1 is as follow: (3) Eq3 shows that each data point of X belongs to only one class.
Test results and analysis We use fault test data of the case western reserve university bearing data center as the test data [10].
[10].The Case Western Reserve University Bearing Data Center.
Bearing data center fault test data[EB/OL]. http://www.eecs.cwru.edu/laboratory/ bearing/ [2011-01-01]
Online since: January 2012
Authors: Hai Wen Xiao, Qiang He, Ya Wen Luo, Jun Zhai
The reduction of portable water utilization brings good economic and social returns for the water system.
Methodology The basic data for the project Employees related to the design of this project are 500. 100 visitors drop in here every day.
In terms of rainfall data from Shanghai Weather Bureau, we calculated the runoff from roof, road and grass.
By Eq.7 total annual design case water usages: 294,580 +386,880=681,460 [gal], table 8 shows the water consumption reduction in this design case.
Table 8 Water consumption reduction Baseline case- annual water consumption 1070680 Gallons/year Design case- annual water consumption 681460 Gallons/year Municipal water supply 308880 Gallons/year Total annual non-potable water consumption 372580 Gallons/year Total annual water reduction 761800 Gallons/year Total annual water reducation rate 71.1 % From the above water saving result, we can see the design case has great water reduction rate, 71.1%, so we see the huge protential for water saving in the design case.
Methodology The basic data for the project Employees related to the design of this project are 500. 100 visitors drop in here every day.
In terms of rainfall data from Shanghai Weather Bureau, we calculated the runoff from roof, road and grass.
By Eq.7 total annual design case water usages: 294,580 +386,880=681,460 [gal], table 8 shows the water consumption reduction in this design case.
Table 8 Water consumption reduction Baseline case- annual water consumption 1070680 Gallons/year Design case- annual water consumption 681460 Gallons/year Municipal water supply 308880 Gallons/year Total annual non-potable water consumption 372580 Gallons/year Total annual water reduction 761800 Gallons/year Total annual water reducation rate 71.1 % From the above water saving result, we can see the design case has great water reduction rate, 71.1%, so we see the huge protential for water saving in the design case.
Online since: September 2023
Authors: Bhaskar Jyoti Saikia, Ansaar Ahmed Khan, Sajad Haque, Sahil Ahmed Mazumder, Kalyan Chakraborty
The chip reduction coefficient (CRC) and von Mises stress (VMS) were the output responses.
Subsequently, the chip reduction coefficients (ratio of formed and un-deformed chip thicknesses) were determined.
Data for the mean response Level Speed, (N) Feed, (f) DOC, (d) 1 -5.1277 -8.6458 -6.5573 2 -5.1142 -5.8871 -4.5501 3 -6.2072 -1.9162 -5.3417 Delta, (max-min) 1.093 6.7296 2.0072 Rank 3 1 2 It is seen that the optimal solution is attained at N2 f3 d2 i.e., at (0, 1, 0) (Table 7).
Validation of data obtained by Taguchi-FIS simulation.
Therefore, it is evident that the data obtained by the Taguchi-FIS simulation is validated.
Subsequently, the chip reduction coefficients (ratio of formed and un-deformed chip thicknesses) were determined.
Data for the mean response Level Speed, (N) Feed, (f) DOC, (d) 1 -5.1277 -8.6458 -6.5573 2 -5.1142 -5.8871 -4.5501 3 -6.2072 -1.9162 -5.3417 Delta, (max-min) 1.093 6.7296 2.0072 Rank 3 1 2 It is seen that the optimal solution is attained at N2 f3 d2 i.e., at (0, 1, 0) (Table 7).
Validation of data obtained by Taguchi-FIS simulation.
Therefore, it is evident that the data obtained by the Taguchi-FIS simulation is validated.
Online since: August 2014
Authors: Xiao Feng Chen, Xiao Feng Zhou, Dong Mei Hu
Given the “garbage in, garbage out” principle, dirty data will not be able to provide data miners with correct information. [1] Data cleaning, also called data cleansing or scrubbing, deals with detecting and removing errors and inconsistencies from data in order to improve the quality of data.[2] Approximately duplicate records is one kind of the dirty data in the data warehouse.
However, large number of approximately duplicate data exist in practice, due to various reasons, such as the different stands of input agencies, the data evolution, data abbreviation and spelling mistakes.
The process is as follow: (1) Attribute reduction There are not only numerous records in Data warehouse but also numerous attributes within each record.
If data is abnormal, put the data in the core data and clustering is performed again around the data to increase the accuracy.
IEEE Data Eng.
However, large number of approximately duplicate data exist in practice, due to various reasons, such as the different stands of input agencies, the data evolution, data abbreviation and spelling mistakes.
The process is as follow: (1) Attribute reduction There are not only numerous records in Data warehouse but also numerous attributes within each record.
If data is abnormal, put the data in the core data and clustering is performed again around the data to increase the accuracy.
IEEE Data Eng.
Online since: October 2018
Authors: L.A. Porozhnyuk, E.V. Porozhnyuk
Conditions have been developed for the oxidation-reduction reactions necessary in the reagent purification of sewage from chromium (VI).
Value of the pH of the precipitation of iron and chromium hydroxides and the residual concentration in solution The hydroxide formula The pH of the beginning precipitation at the initial concentration of the precipitated ion 0.01 M The values of the pH of the total precipitation (residual concentration less than 10-5 M) The pH of the beginning of dissolution Residual concentration of the metal ion, observed in practice at pH 8.5-9, [mg / l] Fe(OH)3 2.3 4.1 14.0 0.3-0.5 Cr(OH)3 4.9 6.8 12.0 0.01-0.05 According to the literature for the reduction of chromium (VI) by iron (II) ions it is necessary to create a pH of the reaction mixture in the range 2.5-3.5 [8].
On the other hand, the necessary conditions arise for the reduction of chromium (VI) by iron (II) ions to chromium (III).
According to the published data, only an insignificant excess of the reagent (up to 5% of the total amount of the reagent) is required to complete the reduction of chromium (VI) to chromium (III) stoichiometric amount) [8].
Value of the pH of the precipitation of iron and chromium hydroxides and the residual concentration in solution The hydroxide formula The pH of the beginning precipitation at the initial concentration of the precipitated ion 0.01 M The values of the pH of the total precipitation (residual concentration less than 10-5 M) The pH of the beginning of dissolution Residual concentration of the metal ion, observed in practice at pH 8.5-9, [mg / l] Fe(OH)3 2.3 4.1 14.0 0.3-0.5 Cr(OH)3 4.9 6.8 12.0 0.01-0.05 According to the literature for the reduction of chromium (VI) by iron (II) ions it is necessary to create a pH of the reaction mixture in the range 2.5-3.5 [8].
On the other hand, the necessary conditions arise for the reduction of chromium (VI) by iron (II) ions to chromium (III).
According to the published data, only an insignificant excess of the reagent (up to 5% of the total amount of the reagent) is required to complete the reduction of chromium (VI) to chromium (III) stoichiometric amount) [8].
Online since: December 2014
Authors: Guo Qi Tang, Zhao Liu, Ming Liang Li, Tian Jian Ji
It was found that the noise reduction is 5-8 dB(A) for surface with a 4/8 top layer, while the noise reduction is 6-8 dB(A) for the 2/6 top layer.
The average noise reduction is considered as 4dB(A).
The noise reduction became 8.5 dB (A) after 12 months.
Starting at an initial value of 5-9dB(A) noise reduction relative to the reference, the noise reduction decreases to 1-2dB(A) after years’ usage.
http://www.innovatieprogrammageluid.nl/data/files/algemeen/Internoise2005_1793.pdf [22] Abbott PG, Morgan P A, McKell B.
The average noise reduction is considered as 4dB(A).
The noise reduction became 8.5 dB (A) after 12 months.
Starting at an initial value of 5-9dB(A) noise reduction relative to the reference, the noise reduction decreases to 1-2dB(A) after years’ usage.
http://www.innovatieprogrammageluid.nl/data/files/algemeen/Internoise2005_1793.pdf [22] Abbott PG, Morgan P A, McKell B.
Online since: October 2008
Authors: Ikuho Yonezawa, Masanobu Kamitakahara, Tohru Ikeda, Takatoshi Okuda, Koji Ioku, Yasuaki Shibata, Yoshinori Gonda, Hisashi Kurosawa, Giichiro Kawachi
These data suggested that the spherical β-TCP
granules stimulated osteogenesis and osteoclast activity of the unloaded bone.
In this study, we analyzed osteoconductivity and bioresorbability of spherical β-TCP granules composed of rod-shaped particles in the bone with reduction in osteogenic potential induced by mechanical unloading [5].
In the operated right femur, regeneration of the non-critical sized bone defect in the unloaded bone was apparently delayed compared to the loaded bone (data not shown).
Greater numbers of tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase-positive cells were present around the implant than those in the other portions of the bone and in the control bone (data not shown).
These data suggested that the spherical β-TCP granules stimulated osteogenesis and osteoclast activity in the unloaded bone.
In this study, we analyzed osteoconductivity and bioresorbability of spherical β-TCP granules composed of rod-shaped particles in the bone with reduction in osteogenic potential induced by mechanical unloading [5].
In the operated right femur, regeneration of the non-critical sized bone defect in the unloaded bone was apparently delayed compared to the loaded bone (data not shown).
Greater numbers of tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase-positive cells were present around the implant than those in the other portions of the bone and in the control bone (data not shown).
These data suggested that the spherical β-TCP granules stimulated osteogenesis and osteoclast activity in the unloaded bone.
Online since: March 2011
Authors: Xiu Hong Wang, Man Yin Hu, Yi Jing Jin, Yu Sun
Simulation of boiler full load
The simulation is based on the existing data to set geometry model, through calculating Software setting the boundary conditions consistent with actual to conduct numerical calculation.
Fig. 2 the nephogram of vertical NOx mass fraction on catalyst layer under full load From the simulated data in the chart, the average of NOx mass fraction on catalyst layer under full load is 0.002414, with the denitration efficiency of 85.2%, more in line with the actual condition of 82%.
The concentration data of NH3 emission obtained by the software interception is 3.86mg/Nm3, and does not exceed the value of NH3 emissions allowed.
Simultaneously, the denitration efficiency will be increased correspondingly in the reactor, which is because when the gas volume reduces, NOx reduction will also reduce with it.
But note that when the boiler load is reduced, the reduction of flue gas temperature will affect the catalytic activity.
Fig. 2 the nephogram of vertical NOx mass fraction on catalyst layer under full load From the simulated data in the chart, the average of NOx mass fraction on catalyst layer under full load is 0.002414, with the denitration efficiency of 85.2%, more in line with the actual condition of 82%.
The concentration data of NH3 emission obtained by the software interception is 3.86mg/Nm3, and does not exceed the value of NH3 emissions allowed.
Simultaneously, the denitration efficiency will be increased correspondingly in the reactor, which is because when the gas volume reduces, NOx reduction will also reduce with it.
But note that when the boiler load is reduced, the reduction of flue gas temperature will affect the catalytic activity.
Online since: August 2013
Authors: Deng Hui Xie, Qi Jie Chen, Hong Wang
We sort out the social responsibility of low-carbon performance indicators of the CNPC by the above figure, and enter the data based on the 2006-2011 CSR Report of CNPC, then give its weight according to the average method.
Table 2 The data of financial performance of CNPC (unit: %) 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 Net interest rate of total assets 0.1612 0.1552 0.1054 0.0733 0.0909 0.0761 Rate of return on net assets 0.2515 0.2158 0.1485 0.1171 0.1491 0.1396 Sales net profit rate 0.1606 0.1542 0.0989 0.0871 0.0875 0.07962 Empirical Analysis Data Source: Sample data about low-carbon performance of CNPC is derived from corporate social responsibility reports and annual reports of CNPC from 2006 to 2011.
Data about financial performance of CNPC is derived from finance and stock websites Sina and is arranged by us.
Research model: the data in Table 3 are based on Table 1 and Table 2.
Due to limited sources, only CSR data of CNPC from 2006 to June of 2011 are obtained; and there is a little sample data for research; more discussion will be focused on index weight to CSR and low-carbon performance data.
Table 2 The data of financial performance of CNPC (unit: %) 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 Net interest rate of total assets 0.1612 0.1552 0.1054 0.0733 0.0909 0.0761 Rate of return on net assets 0.2515 0.2158 0.1485 0.1171 0.1491 0.1396 Sales net profit rate 0.1606 0.1542 0.0989 0.0871 0.0875 0.07962 Empirical Analysis Data Source: Sample data about low-carbon performance of CNPC is derived from corporate social responsibility reports and annual reports of CNPC from 2006 to 2011.
Data about financial performance of CNPC is derived from finance and stock websites Sina and is arranged by us.
Research model: the data in Table 3 are based on Table 1 and Table 2.
Due to limited sources, only CSR data of CNPC from 2006 to June of 2011 are obtained; and there is a little sample data for research; more discussion will be focused on index weight to CSR and low-carbon performance data.
Online since: November 2012
Authors: Te Sheng Li, Ling Hui Chen
The experimental results show that the most important factors in nanogap reduction were the metal type and the initial nanogap.
The reduction of nanogaps after the lithography process, as discussed earlier, is a SB quality characteristic.
The SNRs (signal to noise ratios), which condense multiple data points in a trial, depending on the characteristic that is being evaluated.
The confirmation result is -29.73 (dB) that the optimizations of the lithograph process nanogaps reduction is achieved.
The nanogaps reduction via metal layer expansion technique for nanogaps fabrication is established.
The reduction of nanogaps after the lithography process, as discussed earlier, is a SB quality characteristic.
The SNRs (signal to noise ratios), which condense multiple data points in a trial, depending on the characteristic that is being evaluated.
The confirmation result is -29.73 (dB) that the optimizations of the lithograph process nanogaps reduction is achieved.
The nanogaps reduction via metal layer expansion technique for nanogaps fabrication is established.