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Online since: July 2015
Authors: Jacek Pietraszek, Ewa Skrzypczak-Pietraszek
Such a procedure is called “the reduction of dimensionality” [3].
In general, the data form 12 points in eight-dimensional space.
PCA score plot of experimental data (data source: [6]).
How data uncertainty may affect the final results?
PCA scree plot of experimental data (data source: [6]).
In general, the data form 12 points in eight-dimensional space.
PCA score plot of experimental data (data source: [6]).
How data uncertainty may affect the final results?
PCA scree plot of experimental data (data source: [6]).
Online since: July 2014
Authors: Zhao Quan Zhu, Shu Cheng Deng, Sen Qiu
The result shows that viscous damper has effect on seismic reduction and control.
The maximum value of vibration-reduction ratio is 36.0%, 67.9%, 36.9%.
The maximum value of vibration-reduction ratio is 36.0%.
The maximum value of vibration-reduction ratio is 67.9%.
CANNY2004 DATA-INPUT MANUAL.
The maximum value of vibration-reduction ratio is 36.0%, 67.9%, 36.9%.
The maximum value of vibration-reduction ratio is 36.0%.
The maximum value of vibration-reduction ratio is 67.9%.
CANNY2004 DATA-INPUT MANUAL.
Online since: October 2010
Authors: Yong Zhi Li, Liang Bo Ji
So it is a kind of effective means for increasing producing magnesium by silicon-thermo-reduction.
There are numerous applications of ANN in data analysis, pattern recognition and adaptive control.
which need to be optimized as follows[6]: the first is reduction time(t), the second is vacuum degree(P) and the last is average reduction temperature(T).
The experimental samples in Table 1 are utilized as the training and simulating data.
On the interface of predicting the rate of producing magnesium, as shown in Fig.4, the user need to input three processing parameters such as reduction time, vacuum degree and average reduction temperature.
There are numerous applications of ANN in data analysis, pattern recognition and adaptive control.
which need to be optimized as follows[6]: the first is reduction time(t), the second is vacuum degree(P) and the last is average reduction temperature(T).
The experimental samples in Table 1 are utilized as the training and simulating data.
On the interface of predicting the rate of producing magnesium, as shown in Fig.4, the user need to input three processing parameters such as reduction time, vacuum degree and average reduction temperature.
Online since: November 2013
Authors: D.C. Sau, P. Nishant, M. Bhattacharya, Manoj Kumar
The kinetics of reduction of tungsten oxide has also been proposed.
Steps are as follows: Step 1: Removal of ammonia and crystallised water Theoretical Data: 11.17 % loss in weight when heated above 4500C [24] Observation: When heated above 4500C, 11.5% loss in weight Step 2: Reduction of tungsten oxide WO3 + 3H2 W + 3H2O (7) Given: Weight of the sample taken = 2 gm 1.
Beyond 45 minutes, the increase of percentage reduction was higher and at 10000C, rapid increase in the reduction to 99.9% was observed.
For 0.1 lpm, the percentage reduction in 60 minutes was 63.88%, whereas for 0.3 lpm the percentage reduction of 100% was obtained in 60 minutes time.
Table 1 Rate of reduction of APT with time S.No.
Steps are as follows: Step 1: Removal of ammonia and crystallised water Theoretical Data: 11.17 % loss in weight when heated above 4500C [24] Observation: When heated above 4500C, 11.5% loss in weight Step 2: Reduction of tungsten oxide WO3 + 3H2 W + 3H2O (7) Given: Weight of the sample taken = 2 gm 1.
Beyond 45 minutes, the increase of percentage reduction was higher and at 10000C, rapid increase in the reduction to 99.9% was observed.
For 0.1 lpm, the percentage reduction in 60 minutes was 63.88%, whereas for 0.3 lpm the percentage reduction of 100% was obtained in 60 minutes time.
Table 1 Rate of reduction of APT with time S.No.
Online since: January 2016
Authors: Mohd Ambar Yarmo, Alinda Samsuri, Fairous Salleh, Rizafizah Othaman, Tengku Shafazila Tengku Saharuddin, Mohamed Wahab Mohamed Hisham
Thermodynamic data were used to discuss phenomenologically behavior of the reduction stages in terms of Gibbs-Helmholtz relationship as below.
For identification purposes of crystalline phase composition, diffraction patterns obtained were matched with standard diffraction data (JCPDS) file.
Results and Discussion Thermodynamic Consideration: The thermodynamic considerations data for the reduction of MoO3 in CO atmosphere was tabulated in Table 1 and the Gibbs free energy changes due to reaction were calculated.
Reduction Behavior by TPR.
This results are accomplish with the thermodynamic consideration data in Table 1 that indicated the formation of Mo2C is more favourable compared to formation of metallic molybdenum when the excess of CO are introduced to the reduction system.
For identification purposes of crystalline phase composition, diffraction patterns obtained were matched with standard diffraction data (JCPDS) file.
Results and Discussion Thermodynamic Consideration: The thermodynamic considerations data for the reduction of MoO3 in CO atmosphere was tabulated in Table 1 and the Gibbs free energy changes due to reaction were calculated.
Reduction Behavior by TPR.
This results are accomplish with the thermodynamic consideration data in Table 1 that indicated the formation of Mo2C is more favourable compared to formation of metallic molybdenum when the excess of CO are introduced to the reduction system.
Online since: August 2011
Authors: Jie Li, Xiang Yang Xia
Research of Aluminum Reduction Cell Thermal Balanced Intelligent Control System
Xiangyang Xia1,a, Jie Li1,b
1 School of Metallurgical Science and Engineering, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410083, China
axia_xy@126.com, bsummer719@sohu.com
Keywords: aluminum reduction, control system, liquidus temperature, superheat, energy saving.
This control system can reduce the superheat of aluminum reduction cell in a certain range, and reduce production cost of per ton of primary aluminum on maximal degree.
Aluminum Reduction Cell Heat Balance Intelligent Control System Aluminum reduction cell heat balance intelligent control system Schematic was shown in figure 1.
Compared with the previous control system of aluminum reduction cells, the intelligent control system achieves the automatic temperature aluminum reduction cell temperature control, mainly through the sliding mode controller and repetitive controller.
According to the upper computer software to determine the electrolyte temperature and time curve between two points under the electrolyte temperature curve before and after the formation of a straight line, determined in a straight line on the left and the farthest point from the line point and the liquidus temperature to be marked and stored data generation report.
This control system can reduce the superheat of aluminum reduction cell in a certain range, and reduce production cost of per ton of primary aluminum on maximal degree.
Aluminum Reduction Cell Heat Balance Intelligent Control System Aluminum reduction cell heat balance intelligent control system Schematic was shown in figure 1.
Compared with the previous control system of aluminum reduction cells, the intelligent control system achieves the automatic temperature aluminum reduction cell temperature control, mainly through the sliding mode controller and repetitive controller.
According to the upper computer software to determine the electrolyte temperature and time curve between two points under the electrolyte temperature curve before and after the formation of a straight line, determined in a straight line on the left and the farthest point from the line point and the liquidus temperature to be marked and stored data generation report.
Online since: February 2022
Authors: Vyacheslav A. Dudko, Boris P. Yur'ev
With the use of the kinetic analysis the optimal conditions were defined for the carbon thermal reduction as well as the initial data for the development of the joint carbon thermal reduction processes of zinc and iron oxides.
The data obtained through the industrial testing confirms the appropriateness of the process implementation and allows the cost effectiveness analysis of the zinc containing dust reclaiming.
According to the plant data the zinc content in the blast furnace slurries is 1 – 3 %, and in electric steelmaking slurries - 5 – 20 %.
This allowed obtaining the preliminary data required for the scaled-up experiments with the pellets at the lowest material cost.
To calculate the mass ratio of the initial and roasted samples the chemical analysis data on the total iron content was used as it is of high accuracy, and the iron at the reduction processes changes its valency but does not escape from the material.
The data obtained through the industrial testing confirms the appropriateness of the process implementation and allows the cost effectiveness analysis of the zinc containing dust reclaiming.
According to the plant data the zinc content in the blast furnace slurries is 1 – 3 %, and in electric steelmaking slurries - 5 – 20 %.
This allowed obtaining the preliminary data required for the scaled-up experiments with the pellets at the lowest material cost.
To calculate the mass ratio of the initial and roasted samples the chemical analysis data on the total iron content was used as it is of high accuracy, and the iron at the reduction processes changes its valency but does not escape from the material.
Online since: February 2011
Authors: Shao Li Cai, Hai Ying Tian, Bo Yan Xu, De Zhi Sun, Jie Yang
SNCR (Selective Non Catalytic Reduction) system is proposed, with 40% methylamine aqueous solution as reducing agent to reduce NOx in diesel exhaust gas.
The effect of injection position and volume on the reduction efficiency through the test bench is systematically researched.
NOx treatment depends on SCR (Selective Catalytic Reduction), Adsorption Catalytic Reduction, Low Temperature Plasma, etc.
According to the data [2], the melting point of 32.5% urea solution used in SCR is -11°C, and it solidifies without heating device at low temperature in winter.
SAE 2004-01-1289 [3] Yoshihara Y., Nakanishi Y: Journal of Chemical Engineers, Vol.51 (2006), p.11 (in Japanese) [4] W Müller, H Ölschlegel, A Schäfer, et al: Selective Catalytic Reduction-Europe’s NOx Reduction Technology.
The effect of injection position and volume on the reduction efficiency through the test bench is systematically researched.
NOx treatment depends on SCR (Selective Catalytic Reduction), Adsorption Catalytic Reduction, Low Temperature Plasma, etc.
According to the data [2], the melting point of 32.5% urea solution used in SCR is -11°C, and it solidifies without heating device at low temperature in winter.
SAE 2004-01-1289 [3] Yoshihara Y., Nakanishi Y: Journal of Chemical Engineers, Vol.51 (2006), p.11 (in Japanese) [4] W Müller, H Ölschlegel, A Schäfer, et al: Selective Catalytic Reduction-Europe’s NOx Reduction Technology.
Online since: July 2024
Authors: Krisztian Horvath, Ambrus Zelei
Based on the reviewed articles, it became evident that, although numerous measurement data are available, the usability of the data is limited.
One prominent observation arising from the reviewed literature is the wealth of measurement data available in the field.
However, a critical limitation is often encountered in the utilization of this data for practical noise reduction applications.
Information Data from the articles were organized into nine categories listed below.
The collected data was compared, identifying common and differing trends among the various studies.
One prominent observation arising from the reviewed literature is the wealth of measurement data available in the field.
However, a critical limitation is often encountered in the utilization of this data for practical noise reduction applications.
Information Data from the articles were organized into nine categories listed below.
The collected data was compared, identifying common and differing trends among the various studies.
Online since: August 2013
Authors: Bin Yang, Jiang Wang, He Yuan Yang, Ling Nian Zeng, Chao Feng, Shi Yu Tan
To better study the vibration reduction of the pavement slab, attenuation rate = (maxim peak - attenuation peak)/(maxim peak) was defined to characterize the attenuation of the pavement slab.
This paper was focused on the vibration reduction effects of the flexible functional layer incorporated with/without the rubber powder.
Tab.1 shows the measured vibration data of the pavement structure.
The vibration of the cement concrete pavement with the flexible functional layer incorporated with rubber was smooth and the vibration reduction effect was apparent.
The pavement structure with rubber powder incorporated flexible functional layer has better vibration reduction performance and greater ability of absorbing impact energy.
This paper was focused on the vibration reduction effects of the flexible functional layer incorporated with/without the rubber powder.
Tab.1 shows the measured vibration data of the pavement structure.
The vibration of the cement concrete pavement with the flexible functional layer incorporated with rubber was smooth and the vibration reduction effect was apparent.
The pavement structure with rubber powder incorporated flexible functional layer has better vibration reduction performance and greater ability of absorbing impact energy.