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Online since: February 2011
Authors: Shao Li Cai, Hai Ying Tian, Bo Yan Xu, De Zhi Sun, Jie Yang
SNCR (Selective Non Catalytic Reduction) system is proposed, with 40% methylamine aqueous solution as reducing agent to reduce NOx in diesel exhaust gas.
The effect of injection position and volume on the reduction efficiency through the test bench is systematically researched.
NOx treatment depends on SCR (Selective Catalytic Reduction), Adsorption Catalytic Reduction, Low Temperature Plasma, etc.
According to the data [2], the melting point of 32.5% urea solution used in SCR is -11°C, and it solidifies without heating device at low temperature in winter.
SAE 2004-01-1289 [3] Yoshihara Y., Nakanishi Y: Journal of Chemical Engineers, Vol.51 (2006), p.11 (in Japanese) [4] W Müller, H Ölschlegel, A Schäfer, et al: Selective Catalytic Reduction-Europe’s NOx Reduction Technology.
The effect of injection position and volume on the reduction efficiency through the test bench is systematically researched.
NOx treatment depends on SCR (Selective Catalytic Reduction), Adsorption Catalytic Reduction, Low Temperature Plasma, etc.
According to the data [2], the melting point of 32.5% urea solution used in SCR is -11°C, and it solidifies without heating device at low temperature in winter.
SAE 2004-01-1289 [3] Yoshihara Y., Nakanishi Y: Journal of Chemical Engineers, Vol.51 (2006), p.11 (in Japanese) [4] W Müller, H Ölschlegel, A Schäfer, et al: Selective Catalytic Reduction-Europe’s NOx Reduction Technology.
Online since: August 2013
Authors: Bin Yang, Jiang Wang, He Yuan Yang, Ling Nian Zeng, Chao Feng, Shi Yu Tan
To better study the vibration reduction of the pavement slab, attenuation rate = (maxim peak - attenuation peak)/(maxim peak) was defined to characterize the attenuation of the pavement slab.
This paper was focused on the vibration reduction effects of the flexible functional layer incorporated with/without the rubber powder.
Tab.1 shows the measured vibration data of the pavement structure.
The vibration of the cement concrete pavement with the flexible functional layer incorporated with rubber was smooth and the vibration reduction effect was apparent.
The pavement structure with rubber powder incorporated flexible functional layer has better vibration reduction performance and greater ability of absorbing impact energy.
This paper was focused on the vibration reduction effects of the flexible functional layer incorporated with/without the rubber powder.
Tab.1 shows the measured vibration data of the pavement structure.
The vibration of the cement concrete pavement with the flexible functional layer incorporated with rubber was smooth and the vibration reduction effect was apparent.
The pavement structure with rubber powder incorporated flexible functional layer has better vibration reduction performance and greater ability of absorbing impact energy.
Online since: November 2019
Authors: Anantha G.L. Krishna, K.M. Sathish Kumar
Analytical and Finite Element Solution of Tractor Brake Link to Achieve Weight and Cost Reduction
G.L.
This reduction in thickness would yield a reduction in weight of link and hence would reduce the cost of link with a saving potential of Rs.14, 40000/= per year considering the fact that 6, 00,000 tractors are sold in India every year.
Based on the above observations cost reduction per year is to be calculated and tabulated.
Fig. 8: Fractured 6 mm thick link Weight reduction is of high importance since reduction in weight of link reduces total weight of the tractor which improves the efficient working of the tractor.
[7] Machine Design data hand book by K Lingaiah
This reduction in thickness would yield a reduction in weight of link and hence would reduce the cost of link with a saving potential of Rs.14, 40000/= per year considering the fact that 6, 00,000 tractors are sold in India every year.
Based on the above observations cost reduction per year is to be calculated and tabulated.
Fig. 8: Fractured 6 mm thick link Weight reduction is of high importance since reduction in weight of link reduces total weight of the tractor which improves the efficient working of the tractor.
[7] Machine Design data hand book by K Lingaiah
Online since: January 2016
Authors: Mohd Ambar Yarmo, Rizafizah Othaman, Fairous Salleh, Tengku Shafazila Tengku Saharuddin, Alinda Samsuri, Mohamed Wahab Mohamed Hisham
Thermodynamic data were used to discuss phenomenologically behavior of the reduction stages in terms of Gibbs-Helmholtz relationship as below.
For identification purposes of crystalline phase composition, diffraction patterns obtained were matched with standard diffraction data (JCPDS) file.
Results and Discussion Thermodynamic Consideration: The thermodynamic considerations data for the reduction of MoO3 in CO atmosphere was tabulated in Table 1 and the Gibbs free energy changes due to reaction were calculated.
Reduction Behavior by TPR.
This results are accomplish with the thermodynamic consideration data in Table 1 that indicated the formation of Mo2C is more favourable compared to formation of metallic molybdenum when the excess of CO are introduced to the reduction system.
For identification purposes of crystalline phase composition, diffraction patterns obtained were matched with standard diffraction data (JCPDS) file.
Results and Discussion Thermodynamic Consideration: The thermodynamic considerations data for the reduction of MoO3 in CO atmosphere was tabulated in Table 1 and the Gibbs free energy changes due to reaction were calculated.
Reduction Behavior by TPR.
This results are accomplish with the thermodynamic consideration data in Table 1 that indicated the formation of Mo2C is more favourable compared to formation of metallic molybdenum when the excess of CO are introduced to the reduction system.
Online since: February 2011
Authors: Xian Wen Luo
Introduction
Data Mining is a process to extract implied, unknown, potential and useful information from a great amount of data.
Although the development of Data Mining has only over ten years of history, its development is fairly rapid.
Data mining concepts and techniques [ M ].San Franciso : Morgan Kaufmann Publishers , 2005
Association rule mining using heavy itemsets [ J ].Data & Knowledge Engineering , 2007 , 61 ( l ) : 93 一1 13
Evaluation of sampling for data mining of association : ules [ A ] .
Although the development of Data Mining has only over ten years of history, its development is fairly rapid.
Data mining concepts and techniques [ M ].San Franciso : Morgan Kaufmann Publishers , 2005
Association rule mining using heavy itemsets [ J ].Data & Knowledge Engineering , 2007 , 61 ( l ) : 93 一1 13
Evaluation of sampling for data mining of association : ules [ A ] .
Online since: February 2013
Authors: Yong Li
acupliyong@yahoo.com.cn
Keywords: FFT; filter; seismic data.
Its principle is based on the method to study how to process the digital seismic data.
Fig. 6 Original image Fig. 7 Noise Reduction Figure by the filter Conclusion The innovation of this paper is to deeply analyze characteristics of the fast Fournier transformation in detail and clarify the working principle and design process of digital filter used in processing seismic data.
Digital filter is applied to the actual noise reduction, and remove or suppress the interference wave effectively in the process, then highlight the effective wave and effectively suppress seismic data and the precision improved by noise.
Seismic Data Processing Method, University of Petroleum Press. 2004.
Its principle is based on the method to study how to process the digital seismic data.
Fig. 6 Original image Fig. 7 Noise Reduction Figure by the filter Conclusion The innovation of this paper is to deeply analyze characteristics of the fast Fournier transformation in detail and clarify the working principle and design process of digital filter used in processing seismic data.
Digital filter is applied to the actual noise reduction, and remove or suppress the interference wave effectively in the process, then highlight the effective wave and effectively suppress seismic data and the precision improved by noise.
Seismic Data Processing Method, University of Petroleum Press. 2004.
Online since: September 2015
Authors: Wafaa Kamil Mahmood, Hayder A. Abdulbari, Ainoon Shabrin, Esmail A.M. Basheer
The data was recoreded for each run using the interface displayed in computer.
The data also was recoreded for the rotation speed and the renolyds number was calculated according the equation 2.
The recorded data for the inside torque was then plotted.
Fig. 3 illustrates the degradation resistance obtained from the experiment data and by using the empirical exponential decay function.
Fig. 3: The comparison of the degradation resistance obtained from the experiment data and by using the empirical exponential decay function Fig. 3 shows that the experiment data and the result obtained from the theoretical equation are close, which support the validity of our experiment data.
The data also was recoreded for the rotation speed and the renolyds number was calculated according the equation 2.
The recorded data for the inside torque was then plotted.
Fig. 3 illustrates the degradation resistance obtained from the experiment data and by using the empirical exponential decay function.
Fig. 3: The comparison of the degradation resistance obtained from the experiment data and by using the empirical exponential decay function Fig. 3 shows that the experiment data and the result obtained from the theoretical equation are close, which support the validity of our experiment data.
Online since: July 2011
Authors: Yuan Wang, Da Xi Liu, Mei Ting Ju, Tie Long Li, Zhao Hui Jin
In this extremely complex weak system, numerous oxidation-reduction couples’ electronic exchange rate on the electrode is slow; therefore, establishing equilibrium potential is slow.
Results and discussion Computer recorded the ORP (accurate to 0.1mV) and temperature (accurate to 0.1℃) indication during the experiment, with 1s sampling time, making ORP (mV)-t(s) diagram, as shown in Figure 2: Fig.2 The curve between seawater ORP (mV) of salinity 5,20,30,35,40 and time(s) During the measurement process, the temperature was controlled at about 25.0℃, continuous measurement time of seawater of five different salinity was controlled at almost 65000s, or about 16h30min, which won more than 30 million online monitoring data.
The results are shown in Table 1: Table 1 Range of the equilibrium value and the equilibrium time for seawater ORP of different salinity salinity average(mV) range of the equilibrium value(mV) the beginning moment of the equilibrium value the ending moment of the equilibrium value the equilibrium time of the equilibrium value 5 237.1 234.9—239.3 820s/0.23h 45030s/12.51h 44210s/12.28h 20 231.2 229.0—233.4 4580s/1.27h 47700s/13.25h 43120s/11.98h 30 231.3 229.1—233.5 7120s/1.98h 50830s/14.12h 43710s/12.14h 35 236.4 234.2—238.6 14630s/4.06h 59400s/16.50h 44770s/12.44h 40 234.3 232.1—236.5 18000s/5.00h 65520s/18.20h 47520s/13.20h From the measured data listed on the above table, though, the five salinity of the seawater have a large gap, the difference among the ORP values were all less than 6.0mV.
The data above has fully demonstrated the tremendous impact of seawater salinity on equilibrium time of the ORP values, mainly due to the more the charged ions in seawater, the stronger the attraction between ions, the more difficult to form a stable force, the longer required time to achieve ORP stable values.
[2] Determination of oxidation-reduction potential (Electrometric method), SL94-1994(1995).
Results and discussion Computer recorded the ORP (accurate to 0.1mV) and temperature (accurate to 0.1℃) indication during the experiment, with 1s sampling time, making ORP (mV)-t(s) diagram, as shown in Figure 2: Fig.2 The curve between seawater ORP (mV) of salinity 5,20,30,35,40 and time(s) During the measurement process, the temperature was controlled at about 25.0℃, continuous measurement time of seawater of five different salinity was controlled at almost 65000s, or about 16h30min, which won more than 30 million online monitoring data.
The results are shown in Table 1: Table 1 Range of the equilibrium value and the equilibrium time for seawater ORP of different salinity salinity average(mV) range of the equilibrium value(mV) the beginning moment of the equilibrium value the ending moment of the equilibrium value the equilibrium time of the equilibrium value 5 237.1 234.9—239.3 820s/0.23h 45030s/12.51h 44210s/12.28h 20 231.2 229.0—233.4 4580s/1.27h 47700s/13.25h 43120s/11.98h 30 231.3 229.1—233.5 7120s/1.98h 50830s/14.12h 43710s/12.14h 35 236.4 234.2—238.6 14630s/4.06h 59400s/16.50h 44770s/12.44h 40 234.3 232.1—236.5 18000s/5.00h 65520s/18.20h 47520s/13.20h From the measured data listed on the above table, though, the five salinity of the seawater have a large gap, the difference among the ORP values were all less than 6.0mV.
The data above has fully demonstrated the tremendous impact of seawater salinity on equilibrium time of the ORP values, mainly due to the more the charged ions in seawater, the stronger the attraction between ions, the more difficult to form a stable force, the longer required time to achieve ORP stable values.
[2] Determination of oxidation-reduction potential (Electrometric method), SL94-1994(1995).
Online since: October 2011
Authors: Min Li Wang, Zhi Wang Zheng, Li Xiao
This paper is based on hot-dip galvanizing annealing production process characteristics, it studied the affection of the annealing process and cold reduction ratio to structural hot-dip galvanizing steel sheets on microstructure and property, assured the optimal annealing process and cold reduction ratio, which has supplied the theoretical guidance and reference data to the industry.
That is recrystallized completely microstructure at 750℃, and the grain about 11.0 grade cold reduction ratio 45%, annealing temperature 750℃ cold reduction ratio 45%, annealing temperature 720℃ cold reduction ratio 45%, annealing temperature 690℃ cold reduction ratio 55%, annealing temperature 750℃ cold reduction ratio 55%, annealing temperature 720℃ cold reduction ratio 55%, annealing temperature 690℃ cold reduction ratio 65%, annealing temperature 750℃ cold reduction ratio 65%, annealing temperature 720℃ cold reduction ratio 65%, annealing temperature 690℃ cold reduction ratio 75%, annealing temperature 750℃ cold reduction ratio 75%, annealing temperature 720℃ cold reduction ratio 75%, annealing temperature 690℃ Fig.1 Effect of cold reduction ratio on microstructure of experimental steel Mechanical properties Hardness The effect of cold reduction ratio on hardness of experimental steel is as Fig.2 .
When the cold reduction ratio was increased, the hardness gradually increase, and the hardness reached the maximum with cold reduction ratio 70% (HRB111.8),so it is to be helpful the precipitation of solid solution carbon under the high cold reduction ratio.
The A80 is high under 75% cold reduction ratio.
Conclusions (1) It is recrystallized completely microstructure under 55% to 75% cold reduction ratio and at 720℃, that is recrystallized completely microstructure at 750℃ under different cold reduction ratio
That is recrystallized completely microstructure at 750℃, and the grain about 11.0 grade cold reduction ratio 45%, annealing temperature 750℃ cold reduction ratio 45%, annealing temperature 720℃ cold reduction ratio 45%, annealing temperature 690℃ cold reduction ratio 55%, annealing temperature 750℃ cold reduction ratio 55%, annealing temperature 720℃ cold reduction ratio 55%, annealing temperature 690℃ cold reduction ratio 65%, annealing temperature 750℃ cold reduction ratio 65%, annealing temperature 720℃ cold reduction ratio 65%, annealing temperature 690℃ cold reduction ratio 75%, annealing temperature 750℃ cold reduction ratio 75%, annealing temperature 720℃ cold reduction ratio 75%, annealing temperature 690℃ Fig.1 Effect of cold reduction ratio on microstructure of experimental steel Mechanical properties Hardness The effect of cold reduction ratio on hardness of experimental steel is as Fig.2 .
When the cold reduction ratio was increased, the hardness gradually increase, and the hardness reached the maximum with cold reduction ratio 70% (HRB111.8),so it is to be helpful the precipitation of solid solution carbon under the high cold reduction ratio.
The A80 is high under 75% cold reduction ratio.
Conclusions (1) It is recrystallized completely microstructure under 55% to 75% cold reduction ratio and at 720℃, that is recrystallized completely microstructure at 750℃ under different cold reduction ratio
Online since: July 2014
Authors: Zhao Quan Zhu, Shu Cheng Deng, Sen Qiu
The result shows that viscous damper has effect on seismic reduction and control.
The maximum value of vibration-reduction ratio is 36.0%, 67.9%, 36.9%.
The maximum value of vibration-reduction ratio is 36.0%.
The maximum value of vibration-reduction ratio is 67.9%.
CANNY2004 DATA-INPUT MANUAL.
The maximum value of vibration-reduction ratio is 36.0%, 67.9%, 36.9%.
The maximum value of vibration-reduction ratio is 36.0%.
The maximum value of vibration-reduction ratio is 67.9%.
CANNY2004 DATA-INPUT MANUAL.