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Previously reported studies by many researchers have found that different usages of convective heat transfer coefficient (CHTC) correlations in heating system simulations have considerable impacts on calculated heating load in buildings.
In this study, a modeled room was numerically heated from one vertical wall and cooled from the opposite wall in order to create a real room simulation.
CHTCs and Nusselt numbers of a real size room with the dimensions of 6.00 by 2.85 by 6.00 were found with FLUENT CFD and graphics of change were drawn.
Introduction Although conduction and radiation heat transfer simulation models in room size enclosures have been thoroughly described by numerous researchers, in convection there are still some uncertainties.
Nonetheless, it was asserted that choice of these parameters in building simulation programs was limited due to the common single node approach.

The method by direct concatenating the force measuring gauge to the part being measured is not desirable due to the axial force is generated in the process of operation, the empirical formulas have poor applicability [2], and the predicts of all sorts of numerical simulations can analyze the axial force only rated conditions [3], so a special axial force measurement device is needed depend on the pump structure and the actual operation conditions.
According to the simulation results, the symmetry positions between the positive and negative stain values are assigned as sensing points, and then a whole resistance bridge is constituted.
The resistance strain gauges will be plastered on the larger points of positive and negative strain values under the simulation design guidance.
Lu, et al, “Estimation and Experiment of Axial Thrust in Centrifugal Pump Based on CFD,” Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Machinery, vol. 40, no. 1, pp. 60-63, January 2009
Xu, “Simulation Design and Realization of Axial Force Measured Sensor of the Pump,” in Proceedings of ICEMI 2009, vol. 2, Beijing, 2009, pp. 959-962.

Results and discussion Simulations have been performed to show the effects of the thickness of the slag layer covering the steel, the effect of liquid steel temperature and the effect of the convection coefficient on the heat flow through the slag layer on top of the ladle. 
For these simulations the following properties were used: thermal conductivity of 1.2W/moC and solid slag density 3800kg/m3 and liquid slag density 3700 kg/m3, specific heat 835 J/KgK, solidus temperature 167 deg.
Multiple regression analysis of the data obtained from more comprehensive simulations, suggests estimating the heat flux through the double layer of slag as: qs=*A*exp1+Bt+C in watts for t≥5 seconds A=6383+43.1*h-39*T-181*K B= -346.41-0.109*h+0.156*T C=62676-120*h+614*K+(80*T) where qs is the heat loss through the slag layer by mechanisms of conduction, convection and radiation, is the metal/slag area in m2, T is the liquid steel temperature in K, h is the initial thickness of the slag layer in m; K is the heat transfer coefficient in m2K; t is the time in s.
Heat losses through slag layer however depends on metal-slag interfacial area() , temperature(T), slag thickness(h), heat transfer coefficient (K) and time (t) and can be quantified by the correlation that resulted through multiple regression analysis of the data obtained from various simulations through the following equation.
CFD Analysis of Thermal Behavior of Refractory in Steel Ladle Cycling.

Discretization schemes for the coupled simulations Core-fluid region: The time derivatives are discretized via the implicit Euler scheme.
The mesh independence (or alternatively mesh convergence) in the present simulations is illustrated in Figure 3.
The numerical simulations incur quite high computational costs, especially noting the huge number of computational cells involved.
Sravani, The Systematic Comparision on Analysis of Parallel Flow and Counter Flow Heat Exchanger by using CFD and Practicle Methods, International Journal for Modern Trends in Science and Technology, 7, 2021, 153-161
Bothe, A comparison of stabilisation approaches for finite-volume simulation of viscoelastic fluid flow, Int.

From the surface wind pressure distribution map of the Main Stadium generated through CFD simulation, one can see a differential pressure of 3Pa is formed between the south and east of windward side and the north of leeward side under prevailing wind direction in Guangzhou to serve as sufficient drive for indoor natural ventilation [6, 7].
Fig.1 Wind press distribution of outer surface In air outlet and inlet design, surface wind pressure simulation of the building shows that open air windows can be installed in the south façade and the roof within the positive wind pressure area to lead in the wind [8, 9].
The simulation of direct light distribution with or without vertical sun-shading boards via lighting analysis software is shown in Figure 6, from which one can perceive that direct solar radiation is nearly blocked out [10].
With the test result basically in line with simulation result of natural ventilation in Main Stadium, it shows that traditional sunken stadiums prone to form “Basin Effect” in the playing field, causing poor ventilation and inability to effectively use natural ventilation to improve thermal comfort.

The computation is performed by using coupled fluid-thermal FEM simulation of FLOTRAN module in ANSYS 6.0.
Involving fields of flowing melt in front-box and nozzle, its modeling for simulation is much more complicated than only at roll-casting area with other processing methods[1-3].
Accounting of both the nozzle and front-box fields will yield more accurate simulation results.
Multiphase Phenomena and CFD Modeling and Simulation in Materials Processes Symposium. (2004), p. 325-34
[11] Liang Tao: Research on Numerical Simulation of Heat Transfer and Thermal Crowning of Roll Shell during Twin-roll Casting, Ph.D. thesis.

The theoretical simulation was used to get the optimum size and maximum flow rate of micropump.
The MemCFD module can be used for common Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) to provide the setup of boundary conditions of compressible and incompressible fluid at steady-state and transient status.
(III) Simulation of System 1.
The reasons are: It is assumed that the wall surface is smooth for simulation.
The simulation closes to actual condition

Moreover, rooms create the dominant part of a building volume usually, but modelling of air flow in rooms, applying various CFD (computational fluid dynamics) approaches, taking natural and forced ventilation into account, including possible contaminant dispersion, represents a self-contained rather difficult problem – cf. [17].
Šťastník and his collaborators) to support such system modeling and simulations (except the post-processing for the visualization of results like Fig.1, Fig. 2 and Fig. 3, performed in MATLAB).
Crawley, Contrasting the capabilities of building energy performance simulation programs, Building and Environment 43 (2008) 661-673
Ghavami, Simulation analysis of passive solar structures using heat transfer equations, ARPN Journal of Engineering and Applied Sciences 5 (2010) 41-45
Nielsen, Fifty years of CFD for room air distribution, Building and Environment 90 (2015), in press, 27 pp., doi: 910.1016/j.buildenv.2015.02.035

Keywords: Turbulence Model; Numerical Simulation; Hypersonic; Heat Transfer; Separation Abstract.
Solving the Navier-Stokes (N-S) equations via direct numerical simulation (DNS) and large-eddy simulation (LES) procedure can provide highly accurate results for turbulent flow fields.
In addition, comparing simulation results to experimental data, the results using the current model were found to agree better. 2.
Turbulence Modeling for CFD [M].
Development of High-Mach-Number Rans Turbulence Model and Numerical Simulation of Hypersonic Flows [D].

The thermo-mechanical simulation of Friction Stir Welding focuses the interest of the welding scientific and technical community.
The present work is based on the model developed by Heurtier [2004] and aims at improving this thermo-fluid simulation developed by means of fluid mechanics numerical and analytical velocity fields combined together.
Two-dimensional CFD modelling of flow round profiled FSW tooling.