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Online since: February 2013
Authors: Hai Quan Su, Shang Hong Zeng, Ning Ding, Tian Jia Chen, Shi Yong Yu, Feng Hua Bai
The reduction profiles were collected in the 5% H2/N2 gas mixture from room temperature to 800 °C.
In all cases, the data were detected after a 16 h steady process.
TPR measurements Pure Co3O4 generally presented the reduction peaks in the range of 257-362oC and 362-512 oC, respectively, corresponding to the reduction of Co3O4 to CoO and CoO to Co [13, 14].
The reduction peaks at 287 oC and 339 oC corresponded to the two-step reduction of Co3O4, and the wide and diffuse reduction peak at 467oC was attributed to the reduction of cobalt species, which was formed via the strong interaction between active component and support.
Catalytic performance The catalytic activity of Co/ZrO2-Al2O3 catalysts was investigated in a fixed-bed reactor and the data were recorded after a 16 h steady process.
In all cases, the data were detected after a 16 h steady process.
TPR measurements Pure Co3O4 generally presented the reduction peaks in the range of 257-362oC and 362-512 oC, respectively, corresponding to the reduction of Co3O4 to CoO and CoO to Co [13, 14].
The reduction peaks at 287 oC and 339 oC corresponded to the two-step reduction of Co3O4, and the wide and diffuse reduction peak at 467oC was attributed to the reduction of cobalt species, which was formed via the strong interaction between active component and support.
Catalytic performance The catalytic activity of Co/ZrO2-Al2O3 catalysts was investigated in a fixed-bed reactor and the data were recorded after a 16 h steady process.
Online since: March 2011
Authors: Man Yin Hu, Yi Jing Jin, Yu Sun, Xiu Hong Wang
Simulation of boiler full load
The simulation is based on the existing data to set geometry model, through calculating Software setting the boundary conditions consistent with actual to conduct numerical calculation.
Fig. 2 the nephogram of vertical NOx mass fraction on catalyst layer under full load From the simulated data in the chart, the average of NOx mass fraction on catalyst layer under full load is 0.002414, with the denitration efficiency of 85.2%, more in line with the actual condition of 82%.
The concentration data of NH3 emission obtained by the software interception is 3.86mg/Nm3, and does not exceed the value of NH3 emissions allowed.
Simultaneously, the denitration efficiency will be increased correspondingly in the reactor, which is because when the gas volume reduces, NOx reduction will also reduce with it.
But note that when the boiler load is reduced, the reduction of flue gas temperature will affect the catalytic activity.
Fig. 2 the nephogram of vertical NOx mass fraction on catalyst layer under full load From the simulated data in the chart, the average of NOx mass fraction on catalyst layer under full load is 0.002414, with the denitration efficiency of 85.2%, more in line with the actual condition of 82%.
The concentration data of NH3 emission obtained by the software interception is 3.86mg/Nm3, and does not exceed the value of NH3 emissions allowed.
Simultaneously, the denitration efficiency will be increased correspondingly in the reactor, which is because when the gas volume reduces, NOx reduction will also reduce with it.
But note that when the boiler load is reduced, the reduction of flue gas temperature will affect the catalytic activity.
Online since: August 2011
Authors: Wei Ching Chuang, Shen Yuar Chen, Jen Yu Shieh, Ching Mu Chen
., Huwei Township, Yunlin County, Taiwan
akchen@dragon.ccut.edu.tw, byaur@nfu.edu.tw, ceocwc@nfu.edu.tw, dreed@nfu.edu.tw
Keywords: Infrared light, coating technology, energy-saving, carbon reduction, heat insulation.
This paper proposes capabilities of transparent glass window design with energy-saving and heat insulation for carbon reduction issues.
A reduction of indoor temperature around 1℃~3℃ is able to reduce the usage of air conditioning in summer time and bring with issue of the significant environmental protection benefit.
However, the goal of this paper is especially for the energy-saving and heat insulation glass and then it can significantly reduce fuel consumption in heating due to a reduction in heat loss, and thereby lowering harmful gas emissions.
Data from manufactures indicate that the refractive index of transparent acrylic (Polymethyl methacrylate or PMMA) is 1.49, and the surface refractive index R% can be calculated as roughly 4%.
This paper proposes capabilities of transparent glass window design with energy-saving and heat insulation for carbon reduction issues.
A reduction of indoor temperature around 1℃~3℃ is able to reduce the usage of air conditioning in summer time and bring with issue of the significant environmental protection benefit.
However, the goal of this paper is especially for the energy-saving and heat insulation glass and then it can significantly reduce fuel consumption in heating due to a reduction in heat loss, and thereby lowering harmful gas emissions.
Data from manufactures indicate that the refractive index of transparent acrylic (Polymethyl methacrylate or PMMA) is 1.49, and the surface refractive index R% can be calculated as roughly 4%.
Online since: October 2011
Authors: Dong Joo Kim, Jungwoo Kim
It is clear that the present data are in good agreement with the previous results.
For example, the mean drag coefficient for is 0.60 corresponding to about 58% drag reduction.
With the actuator attached to the rear surface of the cylinder, we obtained mean drag reduction successfully.
The reason for drag reduction was shown to be the pressure increase in the rear of the cylinder due to the collision of two wall jets.
Corke, “Plasma actuators for cylinder flow control and noise reduction,” AIAA Journal, vol. 46, Aug. 2008, pp. 1921–1931
For example, the mean drag coefficient for is 0.60 corresponding to about 58% drag reduction.
With the actuator attached to the rear surface of the cylinder, we obtained mean drag reduction successfully.
The reason for drag reduction was shown to be the pressure increase in the rear of the cylinder due to the collision of two wall jets.
Corke, “Plasma actuators for cylinder flow control and noise reduction,” AIAA Journal, vol. 46, Aug. 2008, pp. 1921–1931
Online since: June 2013
Authors: Jie Huang, Kai Chai, Mei Jun Zhang, Hao Chen
Acquisition bearing 4 typical state of vibration signal of a total of 400 group sample data respectively is normal, ball fault, inner circle fault and outer ring fault.
Random each state of 50 groups sample data is in this study.
Fig.1 Bearing time domain waveform Fig.2 The time domain waveform after noise reduction Improved EEMD threshold noise reduction.In order to improve classification accuracy of combination improve EEMD with SVM,Signal threshold noise reduction by the improved EEMD outstands sample characteristics and eliminate random noise interference, Fig.2 is bearing 4 typical state of time domain waveform after signal noise reduction.
The 20 group sample data from four state in random each sample constitute training set.The 80 group training sample in all and9Dcharacteristic vector show in fig.6.
Advances in Adaptive Data Analysis, Vol.1(2009),p1-41 [4] M.J.
Random each state of 50 groups sample data is in this study.
Fig.1 Bearing time domain waveform Fig.2 The time domain waveform after noise reduction Improved EEMD threshold noise reduction.In order to improve classification accuracy of combination improve EEMD with SVM,Signal threshold noise reduction by the improved EEMD outstands sample characteristics and eliminate random noise interference, Fig.2 is bearing 4 typical state of time domain waveform after signal noise reduction.
The 20 group sample data from four state in random each sample constitute training set.The 80 group training sample in all and9Dcharacteristic vector show in fig.6.
Advances in Adaptive Data Analysis, Vol.1(2009),p1-41 [4] M.J.
Online since: October 2011
Authors: Jing Sheng Qiao, Wei Hua Ma, Qing Juan Meng
In order to reduce the noise affect in the process of the dynamic strain gauge collecting, respectively deal the measurement data with the low-pass filter.
In the paper, the data except in special indicate, all is conversed based on similarity ratio.
隔振沟两侧0.1米处布设加速度传感器 模拟隔振沟宽2.5米,长5米,深度分别为2.5米,3.75米,5米, 距夯击点12.5米,隔振沟两侧2.5米处布设压力传感器和加速度传感器 Vibration isolation ditch 0.1 meters wide, 0.2 meters long, 0.1m deep, filling with the mixture of sand and stone, 0.5 m from tamping point, acceleration sensors placed in isolation ditch of 0.1 meters on both sides. 0.5m米 0.5m米 0.5m米 Tamping point 0.5m米 1004 1006 1005 1007 1008 1009 1010 1011 acceleration sensor Figure 2 Vibration isolation ditch arrangement Test results and analysis The horizontal acceleration transfer law under different ramming energy The acceleration schedule of each point was measured in the test, by means of picking the maximum point of the acceleration schedule, the relevant data was obtained in table 2.
According to the model test data, Considering the level distance for tamping point and ramming energy two factors , the horizontal acceleration attenuation formula was fitted as follow: (1) Where a—the horizontal vibration acceleration, g.
(2) the vibration reduction effect of vibration isolation ditch is obvious, the deeper the vibration isolation ditch vibration reduction effect the more obvious, and in the guarantee vibration isolation ditch don't collapse, the vibration reduction effect of ditch full of sand and stone mixture is less than no filling.
In the paper, the data except in special indicate, all is conversed based on similarity ratio.
隔振沟两侧0.1米处布设加速度传感器 模拟隔振沟宽2.5米,长5米,深度分别为2.5米,3.75米,5米, 距夯击点12.5米,隔振沟两侧2.5米处布设压力传感器和加速度传感器 Vibration isolation ditch 0.1 meters wide, 0.2 meters long, 0.1m deep, filling with the mixture of sand and stone, 0.5 m from tamping point, acceleration sensors placed in isolation ditch of 0.1 meters on both sides. 0.5m米 0.5m米 0.5m米 Tamping point 0.5m米 1004 1006 1005 1007 1008 1009 1010 1011 acceleration sensor Figure 2 Vibration isolation ditch arrangement Test results and analysis The horizontal acceleration transfer law under different ramming energy The acceleration schedule of each point was measured in the test, by means of picking the maximum point of the acceleration schedule, the relevant data was obtained in table 2.
According to the model test data, Considering the level distance for tamping point and ramming energy two factors , the horizontal acceleration attenuation formula was fitted as follow: (1) Where a—the horizontal vibration acceleration, g.
(2) the vibration reduction effect of vibration isolation ditch is obvious, the deeper the vibration isolation ditch vibration reduction effect the more obvious, and in the guarantee vibration isolation ditch don't collapse, the vibration reduction effect of ditch full of sand and stone mixture is less than no filling.
Online since: September 2007
Authors: Lj. Milovanović, S. Milovanović, A. Šaponjić, Dj. Kosanović
The carbothermic reduction reactions proceed in three steps:
4 H3BO3 ⇒ 2 B2O3 + 6 H2O (1)
B2O3 + 3 CO ⇒ 2 B + 3 CO2 (2)
4 B + C ⇒ B4C (3)
Step 2, reduction of B2O3 with CO becomes thermodynamically feasible above 1400°C [7],
however, the reduction temperature needs to be maintained beyond 2000 °C to achieve an enhanced
rate of reduction accompanied by the formation of B4C in the third step [8].
The starting structural model for the rhombohedral crystal system was built with crystallographic data with space group: R -3 m, reported by Kwei and Morosin [9].
Fig. 5 Structural refinement patterns of boron carbide using X-ray powder diffraction data based on the rhombohedral phase.
Tick marks above the difference data indicate the reflection position.
Table 2 Structural parameters for boron carbide obtained from structural refinement using X-ray powder diffraction data at room temperature.
The starting structural model for the rhombohedral crystal system was built with crystallographic data with space group: R -3 m, reported by Kwei and Morosin [9].
Fig. 5 Structural refinement patterns of boron carbide using X-ray powder diffraction data based on the rhombohedral phase.
Tick marks above the difference data indicate the reflection position.
Table 2 Structural parameters for boron carbide obtained from structural refinement using X-ray powder diffraction data at room temperature.
Online since: June 2023
Authors: Hammadi Larbi, Laouni Gaidi, Brahim Lakhache
It is important to mention that experimental data were fitted to a modified Cross model (Eq.1) [16].
To better understand how sodium tripolyphosphate effect on the thixotropy of dam sediments, the area between the upward and downward curves is determined using the data analysis of the Trios V4.2.1. 36612 of TA instrument.
Impact of Sodium tripolyphosphate on reduction of friction factor of the dams sediments.
Figure 8 shows the impact of Sodium tripolyphosphate on reduction of friction factor of the dam sediments.
Sasmito, Pressure loss and friction factor in non-Newtonian mine paste backfill: modelling, loop test and mine field data, Powder Technology. 344 (2019) 443-453
To better understand how sodium tripolyphosphate effect on the thixotropy of dam sediments, the area between the upward and downward curves is determined using the data analysis of the Trios V4.2.1. 36612 of TA instrument.
Impact of Sodium tripolyphosphate on reduction of friction factor of the dams sediments.
Figure 8 shows the impact of Sodium tripolyphosphate on reduction of friction factor of the dam sediments.
Sasmito, Pressure loss and friction factor in non-Newtonian mine paste backfill: modelling, loop test and mine field data, Powder Technology. 344 (2019) 443-453
Online since: October 2010
Authors: Natalya Mukhina, Boris Tsarev, Nikolai Zhuravlev, Elena V. Zabolotskaya, Dina G. Kellerman, Vadim Gorshkov
Samples were highly porous (about 40%) to ensure their efficient reduction with hydrogen.
Therefore, measured data are not absolute and are understated in comparison with that for ideal nonporous samples.
The analysis of TG data shows, that a decomposition of ammonia vanadate at temperature about 180 ºC is the first stage of process (in normal NH4VO3 melts with a decomposition at 200 ºC).
Fitting the data in terms of a Curie–Weiss law yields a Curie constant C= 4.43 emu K mol−1, a Weiss temperature Θ = −81 K and an effective moment μ=5.95 μB.
As an example the data for the case of x=0.1 are plotted in the Fig. 5.
Therefore, measured data are not absolute and are understated in comparison with that for ideal nonporous samples.
The analysis of TG data shows, that a decomposition of ammonia vanadate at temperature about 180 ºC is the first stage of process (in normal NH4VO3 melts with a decomposition at 200 ºC).
Fitting the data in terms of a Curie–Weiss law yields a Curie constant C= 4.43 emu K mol−1, a Weiss temperature Θ = −81 K and an effective moment μ=5.95 μB.
As an example the data for the case of x=0.1 are plotted in the Fig. 5.
Online since: December 2025
Authors: Daniel E. Green, Yang Song, Si Chang Xu, Leo Kiawi, Gary Rankin, Eugene Ryzer
For the tested sample without fracture, thickness reduction is measured in the middle section of the specimen gauge.
An appropriate design of SFO can only be achieved by using material data from the first experiment and numerical estimations of gas pressurization.
However, the pressure oscillation inside each forming cavity could not be measured in the experiment due to the sensor uncertainties associated with the measurement range and the logging interval limitation of the data acquisition system.
The collected forming pressure data can be seen as a lowpass-filtered mean pressure that is increased without oscillation.
A suitable solution will be developed in future experiments to obtain oscillating pressure data during the GO-SPF process.
An appropriate design of SFO can only be achieved by using material data from the first experiment and numerical estimations of gas pressurization.
However, the pressure oscillation inside each forming cavity could not be measured in the experiment due to the sensor uncertainties associated with the measurement range and the logging interval limitation of the data acquisition system.
The collected forming pressure data can be seen as a lowpass-filtered mean pressure that is increased without oscillation.
A suitable solution will be developed in future experiments to obtain oscillating pressure data during the GO-SPF process.