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Introduction In recent years, surface modification of nano-particle has formed a new research field and it pushes the study of nano-materials to a new stage.
After core-shell modification， the nano-TiO2 powders can become a new functional material, and give full play to the core-shell material synergies.
Progress and prospects of nano Science and Technology[J].
Preparation and application technology of ultrafine powder materials[M].
Journal of Materials Research, 2001,1:61-64 [4]LI Yi-gui,LU Jiu-fang.

Another important research area is designing suitable new materials for actuation mechanisms in the switches.
As in case of switches (discussed earlier), some important research has been conducted in designing suitable new materials.
“Piezoelectric Properties of Tungsten-doped PZT-type Materials” Ferroelectrics, Vol 241, 2000, pp 207-213, ISSN: 0015-0193.` [5] K.
“ZST Materials for Dielectric Resonators and Substrates for Hybrid Integrated Circuits”, Journal of Optical and Advanced Materials, Vol 5, No 5, 2003, pp 1395 – 1398.
“Frequency Agile BST Materials for Microwave Applications”, Journal of Optical and Advanced Materials, Vol 5, No 5, 2003, pp 1389–393.

[4] Hezhou Y., Xing Y.L.& Hanping, H., “Fabrication of Metal Matrix Composite by Metal Injection Molding- A Review” Journal of Materials Processing Technology 200.
[6] Laarz, E. & Bergstrom, L., “Dispersing WC-Co powders in Aqueous Media With Polyethylenimine”, International Journal of Refractory Metals and Hard Materials 18.P. 281-286 (2000)
[9] Suri, P., Atre, S.V., German, R.M. & Souza J.P., “ Effect of Mixing on the Rheology and Particle Characteristics of Tungsten-Based Powder Injection Molding Feedstock” Materials Science and Engineering.
Journal of Refractory Metals and Hard Materials. 26.
Advanced Performance Materials.Vol.3.

Materials and Methods Materials.
Particle size influences many properties of particulate materials and is a valuable indicator of quality and performance.
Misra, "On stress whitening during surface deformation in clay-containing polymer nanocomposites: A microstructural approach," Materials Science and Engineering: A, vol. 418, pp. 268-281, 2/25/ 2006
Kalam, "Effect of Fibre Size on the Tensile Properties of Oil Palm Empty Fruit Bunch Fibre Composites," Advanced Materials Research, vol. 576, pp. 280-283, 2012
Lim, "Fracture characterisation of short bamboo fibre reinforced polyester composites," Materials & Design, vol. 31, pp. 4147-4154, 10// 2010

Introduction [1] With the modern industry’s rapidly development, the energy crisis has become a serious problem that the humanity must face. how to analyze the energy of constructions especially construction materials is a key issue for construction’s sustainable development.Concrete is the world's largest amount of construction materials.Varies studies have carried out to discuss concrete’s environment impact,but the energy consumption data is confused,few research had paid attention on the concrete’s energy calculation method.
(2) Ei,j: the energy consumption of the ith material’s jth production process μi :the rate of the ith material loss Calculation Model of construction stage energy consumption (Ec) In this stage,the materials will be mixed,transported,poured,vibrated and cured,these processes’ energy increases together to be the main construction energy consumption(Emc).The temporary facilities and lighting energy in the construction should be considered,too.
(4) Emm: the energy consumption of the materials during maintenance stage, the calculation see equation(2).
(5) Edd: the energy consumption of the demolish process Ead,i: the energy consumption of the ith process for abandoning Erd,j: the energy consumption of the jth process for recycling Calculation Model of transportation energy consumption (Ed) From raw material product stage to construction stage ,the transportation energy consumption must be considered, there exists the transportation of materials in the cement production process and the wasted concrete treat process, too.
Jonson, Tools and methods for environmental assessment of building products—methodological analysis of six selected approaches, Building and Environment 2000, 35 (3):223–238 [2] HOSSAM.A.GABBAR,Life cycle assessment and environmental impact analysis for green energy production plants,Proceedings of sixth international conference on machine learning and cybernetics,Hong Kong,2007:2058-2063 [3]Qi yunhui ,Huang Haihong ,Liu Guangfu,et al,Energy analysis method based on dynamic life cycle,Chinese journal of mechanical engineering,2007,43(8):129-134 [4] Wang jin, Zhang xu, Model improvement of inventory analysis on energy upstream phase based on life cycle assessment, Journal of Tongji university (natural science):2009,37(4):520-524

In 1859 Besant started this branch of science by analyzing an empty bulb in infinite fluid [1,2].
For plate *MAT_PLASTIC_KINEMATIC was chosed as material model.
Strain rate effects has taken into account by using the Cowper- Symonds relation: [1] (7) In Eq.7 is the static yield stress and “D” and “n” are constants which differ for materials.
Bhujanga Rao V.: Non-linear transient dynamic response of rectangular plates under shock loading, International Journal of Impact Engineering Vol. 24 pp. 999-1015 (2000)
Sheikhi Koohsar: Investigation of Strain rate in Circular Plates under Dynamic Loading by Introducing Dynamic to Static Collapse Pressure Ratio, Journal of Energetic Materials Vol.5, No.2, pp.73-79.

Fig.1 shows the rocketing development of electrospinning since early 2000s by Thomson Reuters' web of science.
Fig.1 Publications on electrospinning according to Web of Science (October 28, 2013) However, this technology has an intrinsic demerit for mass-production of nanofibers as discussed by Wan et al. [7] in this issue.
This special issue covers mainly electrospinning, vibration-electrospinning, bubble electrospinning and blown bubble spinning, and it is a good reference not only for materials science, but also for various communities in physics, nanotechnology and chemistry.
ZBZZ-035, Science & Technology Pillar Program of Jiangsu Province under grant No.
He, A Modified Bubble Electrospinning for Fabrication of Nanofibers, Journal of Nano Research, 23(2013) 125-128

Gypsum is one of the major raw materials added in the cement grinding process.
China Cement Almanac 2014: China Building Materials Press, 2015
Materials Science Forum. 2013;743-744: 516-22
Journal of Wuhan University of Technology. 2012;34(3)：120-3
Science in China Series E: Technological Sciences. 2009;52(1):215-22

Development of Nano-TiO2 Coating on Titanium Alloy Substrate for Biomedical Applications Hua Liu1, a and Liqiang Guo2,b 1 College of Medical Information Engineering, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, People’s Republic of China 2School of Materials Science and Engineering, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin 300130, People’s Republic of China aliuhuajnu@yahoo.com.cn, btime12@sohu.com Keywords: Nanometer titanium dioxide; Titanium alloy; Coating Abstract.
Acknowledgements This study was supported by the Natural Science Foundation of Guangdong Province (Grant No. 10451022401005182), the Science and Technology Plan of Guangdong Province (Grant No. 2009B010900034) and the National Science Foundation for Post-doctoral Scientists of China (Grant No. 20100470914).
Ferreira, Morphological and chemical characterization of biomimetic bone like apatite formation on alkali treated Ti6Al4V titanium alloy, Materials Science and Engineering 29 (2009) 1252-1257
El-Askary, Effect acidic and alkaline/heat treatments on the bond strength of different luting cements to commercially pure titanium, Journal of Dentistry 37 (2009) 255-263
Greer, Fabrication and biocompatibility of nano-TiO2/titanium alloys biomaterials, Materials Letters 59 (2005) 3144-3148

CAS Key Laboratory for Mechanical Behavior and Design of Materials, Department of Modern Mechanics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230027, P.R.
Advanced Research Center for Earth Science and Astronomy，Third World Academy of Science， University of Science and Technology of China，Hefei 230026，P.R.
Experimental results Contour of ablation The failure mechanisms of materials under the shock of laser are ablation and vaporization, depending on the power of laser.
The former only needs to break the local keys of materials and requires lower power, and the later has to break the molecule keys and requires higher power.
In general, the pressure of materials under laser shock is several TPa [5].