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With the optimization of energy structure and application of new materials, engineering specifications (such as pipeline’s outer diameter and wall thickness) of oil and gas transmitting pipeline are also changing [7].
Temperature is set 20℃regardless of differences of materials’ convection coefficients and radiation emissions, as well as influences of temperature variation on models [13].
Due to the large cooling surfaces between pipes of large surfaces and between materials and air, areas away from the welds lose more energy.
International Journal of Pressure Vessels and Piping, 1998,75(1):11-25
Journal of Ship Mechanics, 2005,9(1):89-97.

Material is from PC Series, brand is Calibre5100.
References [1] Guoli Shi, Fusheng Li, Hongbin Tian: Materials Review Vol. 20 (2006), p. 404-407, in Chinese
[2] Yuhong Chen: Engineering Plastics Application Vol.10 (1997), p. 13-15, in Chinese [3] Yuhong Chen, Yuan Yuan, Yisheng Zhang, et al.: Journal of Aeronautical Materials Vol. 28 (2008), p. 82-87, in Chinese
Kazmer: Polymer Engineering and Science Vol. 43 (2003), p. 596-606
Chang: Journal of Reinforced Plastics and Composites Vol. 25 (2006), p. 1255-1268

Curing reaction and kinetic parameters of diallyl orthophthalate resin with initiator dicumyl peroxide Yue XiaoQin1, a, Mei Qilin2, b, Huang Zhixiong, Wen Peng, Huang Ling 1, 2 School of Materials Science and Engineering, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430070, China ayeguang731@126.com, bmeiql@263.net Keywords: curing reaction; kinetic; diallyl orthophthalate; dicumyl peroxide Abstract.
DAOP resin is widely used in electronic products, precision instrument, plastic lenses, building materials and other industries.
Materials The diallyl orthophthalate (DAOP) monomer was supplied by Wuhan Helian chemical equipment Co., LTD, which was chemical pure with quality score equal to 98%.
Journal of Polymer Science, 1953, 10 (5): 489-498
[7] Divakar, D.S.; Rao, K.N., Kinetics of polymerization of diallyl phthalate (DAP) by gamma-rays [J], Journal of Polymer Science, Polymer Chemistry Edition, 1975,13, (2): 295-308

One of the candidate materials of TCO is zinc oxide (ZnO); it is considered as an alternative material of indium tin oxide (ITO).
ZnO material is considering as low cost material and it can be deposited at relatively low temperature [1].
Hence, ZnO has gaining interest for substitute material of ITO and SnO2 as TCO.
Wibowo, Growth of europium-doped gallium oxide (Ga2O3:Eu) thin films deposited by homemade DC magnetron sputtering, Journal of Theoritical and Applied Physics. 6 (2012) 17
Lee, Photoluminescence properties of zno thin films grown by using the hydrothermal technique, Journal of the Korean Physical Society. 56 (2010) 809-812

Nickel foams, copper foams and titanium foams used as biomedical materials can be manufactured by this process.
Specific surface area is one of the important parameters in measuring structural features of foam materials.
Other metal foams with different structures and materials can be prepared according to the method.
Progress in Materials Science, 2001, 46: 559-632
International Journal of Hydrogen Energy, 1998, 23(11): 1025-1029

It is the storage of materials (raw materials, equipment…) that represents an immobilized value  source of loss of value for the company [19,26].
This generates additional costs of storage and materials (or equipment) management.
So, the materials or equipment must be available only when it is necessary.
Lean Construction Journal, 5(1) (2009) 24-36
In Advanced Materials Research. 912 (2014) 1648–1651.

Printed Materials Powder from SLM Solutions was used to print the samples using the PBF method.
[4] Stanislav J.: Optimal procedures of heat treatment of materials for hot work, In: Proceedings 18th International Conference on Metallurgy and Materials, May 19th - 21st 2009, Hradec nad Moravicí, Czech
Materials, https://doi.org/10.3390/ma15072686
Journal of Materials Science [online]. 17.7.2017 [cit. 2022-12-01] https://doi.org/10.1007/s10853-017-1380-3
Materials & Design. 2022

Compared with other materials, titanium alloys show better biocompatibility and tribological properties, and are widely used in medical implants.
Titanium alloy materials with low oxygen and high comprehensive mechanical properties can be prepared by controlling the processes of powder preparation, sintering and hot forming in inert atmosphere., Provide process basis and technical support for the preparation of powder metallurgy and rapid prototyping titanium alloy materials.
The relevant systems of powder consolidation and heat treatment need to modify the thermodynamic characteristic data and phase distribution of materials.
Acknowledgements This research is supported by Science and Technology Innovation 2025 Major Project of Ningbo City (2020Z060 and 2020Z055), and Zhejiang Provincial Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant No.LGF21E010001.
Surface modification of Ti-based alloy by selective laser melting of Ni-based superalloy powder, Journal of Materials Research and Technology, 9 (2020): 8796-8807

Experimental Synthetic Materials Put LiNO3 (AR, Shanghai Chemical Reagent Co., Ltd.
Shi, et al, Cathode materials for lithium rocking chair batteries, J.
Xie，et al，A combustion method to prepare apinel phase LiMn2O4 cathod materials for lithium-ion batteries, J.
Solution combustion synthesis of LiMn2O4 powder by using glucose as fuel in acetate system[J].Journal of Functional Materials，39(2008) 254-256
Functional Materials and Devices, 8 (2002) 31-34.

The work is also concerned with the analysis of microcracks in the material, that is, microcracks that appeared after the tensile test.
Introduction The use of composite material in this work is reinforced composite of plain weave textile from Kevlar 49 fibers.
Analysis of microstructure The material supplied by standard metallographic methods was cut into strips for evaluating the composite structure in the warp and tow direction.
When analyzing the result of the evaluation of the textile structure of the composite material, it was found that plain weave textile was symmetrical in warp and tow direction.
Journal of materials science 27, Jan 01, 1992, pp 6679–6686