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Taghizadeh Armaky3,c J. sadeghi4,d 1 3Department of Mechanical Engineering, Islamic Azad University Ayatollah Amoli Branch, Iran 2 4Department of Mechanical Engineering, Babol Noshirvani University of Technology, Iran aj.bazrafshan@iauamol.ac.ir, bhamidgorji@nit.ac.ir, ctaghizadeh_ali@yahoo.com Keywords: Sheet Forming; Bending; Spring Back; Plastic Deformation Abstract.
This phenomenon will affect bend angle and bend curvature, and can be influenced by various factors.
The amount of spring-back/spring-go is influenced by various process parameters, such as clearance between die and punch, tool shape and dimension, contact friction condition, punch and die radiuses, material properties, sheet anisotropy, and sheet thickness.
Li X. and his colleges [3] showed that the accuracy of spring-back simulation is directly affected by the material-hardening model.
Table 1 shows the properties of the used Ck 45 sheet.

Data on properties is presented in table. 2.
Physical and mechanical properties of the reinforcing material Properties High modulus fiber Low modulus fiber Modulus of elasticity, GPa 300-700 200-250 Tensile Strength, GPa 2,0-2,5 2,5-3,2 Density, g / cm3 1,3-2,0 1,3-2,0 Diameter, мкм 5-50 5-50 Fig. 2.
Shoen, Effect of cross linking on thermal and mechanical properties of polyurethanes, J Appl Polym Sci. 83 (2002) 212-223
Chazeau, J.Y..Cavaillé, Mechanical properties of high density polyurethane foams: II.
Gu, Factors affecting thermal conductivities of the polymers and polymer composites: A review, Composites Science and Technology. 193 (2020) 108-134

Chen1, d 1School of Mechanical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, P.
However, titanium alloy has poor machinability owing to its inherent properties such as low thermal conductivity, high chemical activity, etc.
Especially short abrasive wheel life and severe ground surface quality are the most important factors impairing its grindability [2].
Table 2 shows mechanical and physical properties of these materials.
A number of key factors contribute to these results including: 15% higher strength of TC11 over TC4, the much higher ductility of TC11, especially TC11 has superior heat intensity properties when below 500℃ [3].

Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of 60Si2Mn Steel after Austenite Inverse Phase Transformation by Sub-temperature Quenching Anming LI 1,a, Mengjuan Hu 1 1School of Materials Science & Engineering.
Henan Polytechnic University, Jiaozuo 454000, China aanmingli2001@sina.com Keywords: 60Si2Mn steel; Inverse phase transformation; Tensile strength; Hardness; Microstructure Abstract: Microstructure and mechanical properties of 60Si2Mn steel by 870 ℃ prequenched and second sub-temperature quenching was studied.
The mechanical properties of the 60Si2Mn steel after 870 ℃ prequenching and second sub-temperature quenching are better than that of conventional samples after 870 ℃ quenching.
It can be seen that the mechanical properties of 870+800 ℃ twice quenched sample are better than that of 870 ℃ once quenched sample.
Austenite inverse transformation sub-temperature quenching can improve the mechanical properties of 60Si2Mn steel.

The local plastic deformation was considered to imitate the mechanical damage on the pipe.
The mechanical damages can affect the safety of pipelines, and even depress their service life; may lead to enormous economic costs and jeopardize the surrounding ecological environments.
PRCI proposed an empirical Q factor model to assess the residual strength of pipelines with a groove plus dent defect; while British Gas established a fracture assessment model to deal with the same problem [7].
Physical model to estimate the fatigue life of notched specimen [17] According to the local plastic deformation on the pipe which was caused by the mechanical damage, the residual stress was generated and the material properties was changed, which must be considered in the study of fatigue initiation life.
On the other hand, the changes of material properties must be considered in the study of fatigue propagation life and the effects of the residual stress were decreased because of the release of stress while the crack initiation.

Besides, in order to improve the biological activity, micro regulation of three factors including the roughness, porosity and crystallinity of the coating surface could been used.
The titanium and titanium alloys, because of its good biocompatibility, corrosion resistance and mechanical properties, has become one of the most potential materials as human hard tissue implant [1,2].
In order to combine the advantages of titanium alloy’s mechanical properties and HA’s biological activity, the preparation of HA bioactive coating on the surface of titanium and titanium alloy is the most popular approach.
The effect of surface roughness of the implant on Cbfa1 transcription factors regulating the differentiation and mineralization of osteoblast was studied [16].
The degree of crystallinity is also one of the factors affecting the biological activity of the coating.

Superheater tube failures caused by mechanical factors, namely due to cyclic tensile stress as result in vibration by gas flow coupled with an increase in the local area due to the welding heat, therefore, increases the rate of crack propagation.
Mechanical analysis, including visual and metallurgical examination and also mechanical property measurement were performed.
Heat absorption of each part is calculated based on operation data and thermodynamic properties of water or steam at inlet and outlet of each equipment [8.9].
Fig. 4 Microstruture of superheater tubes Mechanical Property Measurement Table 1 shows hardness test result for several tubes.
These movement might not able to be detained by the tube so, in the weakest area of the tube which is Heat Affecting Zone emerged crack potential as result of cyclic tensile stress.

The composite materials obtained as a result of mechanical alloying and hot extrusion are characterized with the structure of evenly distributed, disperse mineral phase particles in fine-grain matrix of AA-6061 alloy, facilitate the obtainment of higher values of strength properties, compared to the initial alloy.
Cauchy type (y = (1+ax2)−1) or Gauss type (y = exp(−ax2)) in the approximation methods were used for the experimental description of diffraction line intensity distribution, due to factors caused by apparatus, as well as physical ones.
Adamiak, The effect of TiAl and Ti3Al reinforcement on microstructure changes and properties of aluminium matrix composites, Arch.
Lukaszkowicz, Structure and properties of PVD coatings deposited on aluminium alloys, Surf.
Lutyński, Selected properties of the halloysite as a component of Geosynthetic Clay Liners (GCL), J.

The orientation of the fiber and the fiber-matrix bond relationship are important factors that affect the performance of UHPFRC.
Fibers are incorporated in Ultra-High Performance Concrete (UHPC) matrix to enhance the fracture properties of the composite.
And the properties and performances of UHPFRC can be affected by fiber type, content, orientation and distribution [5, 6].
He, Effects of steel fiber content and shape on mechanical properties of ultra high performance concrete, Construction and Building Materials. 103 (2016) 8-14
Brouwers, Effect of coarse basalt aggregates on the properties of Ultra-high Performance Concrete (UHPC), Construction and Building Materials. 170 (2018) 649-659

Introduction Mechanical properties and microstructures change as nuclear power plant components are subjected to high temperatures and pressures over a long period of time.
The specimens were prepared by an artificially accelerated aging method in the laboratory, in order to investigate the degradation effects of CF8M on the mechanical property.
This phenomenon is considered to have a critical impact on mechanical properties.
The results of hardness, tensile and impact tests on dissimilar welded specimens disclosed that mechanical properties held by the HAZ of CF8M became the most vulnerable with an increase of aging time [11].
The reason for the reduced JIC value of CF8M base metal in comparison to that of HAZ was that the distribution of the ferrite phase on the HAZ of CF8M was concentrated in a relatively small area, thereby affecting the elastic-plastic fracture toughness value.