Search results

The last group of methods, in turn, is subdivided into systems based on data processing arriving from the cooling system and on the systems based on placement of special sensors in the lining.
Therefore, we will further consider a combination of methods of diagnostics leaning against the indications of thermocouples, a heat flux through a cooling system and the acoustic data.
In this case, it is possible to use the data of periodic ultrasonic diagnostics for updating the mathematical model.
The wall thickness is assessed when using the data of acoustic diagnostics.
The mathematical model based on the decision of the Fourier differential equation of thermal conductivity is therefore exposed to periodic updating according to acoustic inspection; this is in addition to the initial data received from a cooling system.

Sulphate reduction.
From the data depicted on Figure 3, sulphate reduction rates have been calculated and varied from 4 to 20 g/l.d.
SEM-EDX data obtained for solid samples confirm that amorphous phases of iron and zinc sulphides are predominant [12].
Sulphate reduction profiles along the reactor column for various initial zinc concentrations (HRT=9h).
Complete reduction of sulphates for initial concentrations up to 7,200 mg/l, 2.

The calculation in the cluster approach describes the experimental data better than that in the frameworks of LDA and LDA+U model and modern crystal-field theory.
In the present paper we report ab initio calculations of the NMR parameters (υQ, η, Hc) and comparison of our result with experimental data.
The analysis of experimental and our theoretical data shown that the quadrupole frequency υQ cluster calculation results for LaTiO3 are in a good agreement with experimental data [6, 19] while computed value of the asymmetry parameter η is larger than experimental one.
The addition of diffuse orbitals to Ti wave functions leads to increase of Hc up to 80 kOe for both compounds that agrees with experimental data (see table 1).
The NMR parameters calculation in YTiO3 is not possible to compare with the experimental data.

A reduction in the concentrations of exhaust gas emissions was notified.
Although some anomalies are observed to the data, but overall a reduction in CO emissions was found using W/D nanoemulsions compared to the neat diesel.
In spite of having some fluctuations in the data, the general observation was an overall reduction in CO2 emissions using W/D nanoemulsions compared to the neat diesel.
An overall reduction in NH3 emissions was observed using W/D nanoemulsions compared to the neat diesel.

Structural distress due to loss of bond or reduction of the cross-sectional area can be caused with time.
It is responsible for the loss of strength and serviceability of RC bridges over time because of the reduction in concrete and steel cross-sectional area, and the loss of bond between corroded steel and concrete.
Structural distress due to either loss of bond along the steel/concrete interface resulting from splitting of the concrete cover, or reduction of the cross-sectional area of the reinforcing bars can be caused over time.
Pitting Corrosion and Structural Reliability of Corroding RC Structures: Experimental Data and Probabilistic Analysis.

Thus, the present work suggests a purification route for the reduction in soluble salts in water, organics and quartz associated with pyrite from the coal mining beneficiation.
It is intended with this work to increase the purity level of pyrite obtained from coal mining, contributing for it transformation into products with more aggregate value, with coal mining and environmental sustainable development by the reduction of that environmental passive.
Leaching in water: For the reduction of soluble levels, like iron sulphates, pyrite was dipped in destilled water at 80oC – 45 mL of water for each 1 g of material – and the system remained in magnetic mixing (Fisatom mixer, 752A model) for one hour.
The Table 1 data indicate that the leaching processes increased the specific mass of the studied material, starting from (3.6121 ± 0.0009) g/cm3 to (3.6434 ± 0.0022) g/cm3.
FTIR spectrums (Fig. 1) indicate the presence of iron sulphates in the “in natura” pyrite – near bands and between the 900 and 1200 cm-1 ranges and 500 and 700 cm-1 [7] – and the reduction of the amounts of them, comproved by the decrease in the intensity of the peaks in that regions, in the purified pyrites.

The mechanical results found revealed a systematic reduction of the maximum mechanical resistance by increasing the volume of Ichu fibers added in the studied mortar mixtures, on the other hand, a greater degree of deformation was evidenced in mortar mixtures with a greater quantity of Ichu fibers added, reaching deformation values of up to 10%.
From the mechanical data found, it was possible to verify a notable reduction in the values of maximum compressive strengths by increasing the volumetric fraction of Ichu fibers.
In general, a systematic reduction of the modulus of elasticity was observed with the increase in the volume of Ichu fibers in the mortar mixtures studied.
• It was possible to verify a clear reduction in the values of maximum compressive strengths by increasing the volumetric fraction of Ichu fibers in the reinforced mortar mixtures

However, the controlled thermal management system has not been significantly employed for further reduction of specific diesel oil consumption and increase of truck mileage.
Firstly, the cooling system model was validated with experimental data, and then replaced with an advanced controlled thermal management system using a 1-D simulation model.
Thermal management System Avails The overall aim of any engine thermal management strategy is to achieve the desired stable engine operating temperature as quickly as possible, thus minimizing engine frictional losses through lubricant viscosity reduction, reducing warm up time, and delivering cabin heater performance within as short a timeframe as possible [3].
Engine main data Engine Characteristic Parameters Compression ratio 17.5 Firing order A1 B3 A3 B2 A2 B1 Cylinder arrangement V form at angle 90 ° Working cycle 4 Stroke Number of cylinders 6 Rated speed range (rpm) 1800:2100 Cylinder Geometry Bore/Stroke (mm) 132 / 145 Engine Displacement (ltr.) 11906 The controlled cooling system model is integrated to Simulink for the purpose of controlling the fan speed, pump speed and the electrically actuated thermostat in order to increase the flexibility of the cooling system to an optimum level .
The integrated model was validated using the experimental data of engine performance and thermal balance experiment which has conducted in “Power Mechanism and Engineering Laboratory, BIT”.

A Way to Determine the Economic Operation Mode of Substation Transformer Deli Zhao1, Huilin Zhang1, Fengzhen Liu1 and Xin Zhao2,a 1 State Grid Liaoning Chaoyang Power Supply Company, Chaoyang, Liaoning,122000, China 2 State Grid Beijing Tongzhou Power Supply Company,Beijing,101100,China atsustar@126.com Keywords: Transformer, Loss reduction, Economic operation Abstract.
Comparison between the two , the use of two main transformers in parallel operation mode rather than just put in the 2nd main transformer is significant to reduce the variable loss (1.33 ~ 11.04) kW, the annual reduction in electricity consumption variable loss of about (1.165 ~ 9.67) × 104kWh.
Summary The overal calculation is based on the actual data and its effectiveness has been proved in the system, so it is very meaningful to readjust the method to make preparation for the economic operation.The further research will be done on the physical solution to the real system and the balanced arrangement of different substation devices ans apparatuses.

Fig. 3 UV-Vis diffuse reflectance spectra of porous APS and APST coatings Fig. 4 NOx reduction efficiency of different asphalt composite coatings.
The NOx reduction efficiency of the honeycomb structured asphalt composite coatings with different TiO2 contents was quantified in the laboratory.
The change of NOx reduction efficiency during the whole process was calculated according to the recorded data, as shown in Fig. 4.
Nevertheless, both APST-H and APST-L always keep at high NOx reduction efficiency with no attenuation.
Laboratory evaluation demonstrated that the NOx reduction efficiency of honeycomb-microstructured coatings increases up to 40%, higher than that of compacting sample (24%).