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Biomechanical analysis of selected endoprostheses of hip joint by means of finite element methods Marcin Basiaga1,a, Joanna Przondziono2,b 1 Silesian University of Technology, 41-800 Zabrze, Gen. de Gaulle’a 66, Poland 2 Silesian University of Technology, 40-019 Katowice, Krasińskiego 8, Poland a marcin.basiaga@polsl.pl, b joanna.przondziono@polsl.pl Keywords: FEM, endoprostheses of hip joint, Pauwels model, mechanical properties.
Performed analysis constitutes the basis for optimisation of implant geometry and proper selection of material mechanical properties for its production.
Nowadays, such treatment has already become a common procedure to improve the quality of life of people affected by hip joint injuries.
The main factors constituting the basis of the process of designing and constructing include anatomic shape of the implant which is adapted to individual patients and selection of good quality materials.
The results that have been obtained during numerical analysis of endoprostheses by the Finite Element Method constitute valuable methodology that is necessary for designing their proper form, geometric properties and selection of the right mechanical properties.

The results of analysis of variance(ANOVA) revealed that feed rate is the dominant factor affecting the surface roughness.
The nominal chemical composition and material properties of 58SiMn steel are given in Tables 1 and 2, respectively.
Tab.1 Chemical composition of 58SiMn(wt.%) Element C Si Mn P S Mass fraction 0.537 1.23 1.13 0.013 0.004 Tab.2 Mechanical properties of 58SiMn Intensity (MPa) Yield strength (MPa) Shrinkage ratio (%) Area reduction (%) Density (g/cm3) 1080 ≥1200 5 40 7.85 2.2 Cutting tool and machining center Coated ceramic inserts VNMG160408-EF (YBG202) were used in the experiments work with SVABL2020K16 tool holder.
Tab.3 Factors and selected levels in turning experiments Factor Level -1 0 1 vc/(m/min) 160 200 240 ap/mm 0.1 0.3 0.5 f /(mm/r) 0.1 0.2 0.3 3.
An ANOVA summary table is commonly used to summarize the test of regression model, the significance of factors and the interaction between factors and lack of fit test.

Research of the Roll System’s Flexural Coupling-Dynamic Modeling Yang Zhang1,a, Yan Peng1,2,b , Jianliang Sun1,c 1 National Engineering Research Center for Equipment and Technology of Cold Rolling Strip, Yanshan University, Qinghuangdao 066004, Hebei, China 2 The state key laboratory of mechanical transmission, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, China azy-ce@163.com, Corresponding author: bpengyan@ysu.edu.cn, csunjl_1981@163.com Keywords: Roll system; Dynamic property; Vertical vibration; Lateral flexural vibration; Coupling.
The vertical vibration and the roller axial flexural deformation, among these dynamic responses, are the main factors which would affect the strip after rolling quality.
The roller system will produce different forms of dynamics responses, after external excitation such as system rolling force fluctuation, among which vertical vibration and bending and deformation along the roller’s axis are the main factors affecting the quality of finished strip steel.
Flexural Coupling-Dynamic Modeling For a more direct description of mill roll system’s flexural coupling-dynamic properties during vertical vibration, this paper studies one single roller, establishes lateral flexural coupling-dynamic model of roller during vertical vibration, and simplifies the roller as elastic beam model, shown in Fig.1 (a).
Analysis of steady-state response of anywhere along the roller body length under random vibration condition, indicates that roller’s amplitude sharply increases during around 0.049s, as shown in Fig.5 steady-state response properties of the midpoint and the both ends of the roller body.

It also has excellent mechanical properties, high thermal shock resistance and chemical attack, excellent creep resistance, good friction and wear properties [3-8].
Through research in the field of Si3N4, scholars found that the particle size of raw material and synthesized β-Si3N4 are one of the main factors affecting the thermal conductivity of Si3N4 ceramics [22-24].
Duan et al. [26] study the effect of additive ionic radius size on the thermal conductivity and mechanical properties of Si3N4 ceramics.
After testing, it is found that the mechanical properties of the sample will also be improved.
McQuarrie, Thermal conductivity: I, concepts of measurement and factors affecting thermal conductivity of ceramic materials, Journal of the American Ceramic Society 37.2 (1954): 67-72

Effect of this bimodal structure on room-temperature mechanical properties including fatigue behavior is examined.
The aim of the present work is to analyze the effect of microstructure evolved during ECAP on room-temperature mechanical properties including fatigue characteristics.
The room temperature mechanical properties of similar Al–6Mg–Sc(–Zr) alloys with the grain size of about 10mm (the microcrystalline (MC) state) and with the grain size of the order of 100mm (the coarse grained (CG) state) [11,12] are also given in Table 1 for comparison.
Effect of the microstructure evolved by ECAP on mechanical properties.
The effect of the developed microstructure on the fatigue properties will be discussed later in more detail.

The components of AASCM were optimized for favorable mechanical properties.
In addition, the tensile strength and wettability of FRP sheets are key factors that affect FRP sheets and AASCM work together.
The wettability and mechanical properties were taken into account in the determination of optimal mixtures of the constituents of AASCM, for the present results, the Ms of PS should be around 1.0, and the P/S and W/S should be around 12% and 42%, respectively. 2.
The strengthening effects of FRP sheets substantially depends upon the properties of the fibers.
Jiang, Alkali activated cementitious materials: mechanisms, microstructure and properties, Ph.D Thesis, The Pennsylvania State University, Ann Arbor, MI, USA, 1997

There are many different factors that affect the gate location including : flow properties of the plastic material, gating into the approximate center of the part, wall thickness, gating into an obstacle, style of the gate, separation of the runner system from the part, aesthetic properties, and ease of manufacturing.
Jetting is caused by the material streaming into the cavity, and affects the mechanical and chemical properties of the part, along with the aesthetic properties due to weld lines in the jetted area Gating into an obstacle, or using a larger gate, such as a fan gate or tab gate, may eliminate jetting.
Gating into an obstacle will also prevent jetting by expanding the melt as it flows into the mould, eliminating the stream known as jetting., however jetting cause the mechanical properties to reduce. [9] Ease of manufacturing is one of the most important factors in gate location.
Ideal gate location for chemical, mechanical, and aesthetic properties may cause tooling costs to be very high.
This gate location Positioned where the appearance is not important and the left mark would not affect aesthetic properties of enclosure.

The film force acting on the spindle rotor is related to the manufacture, installation and static unbalance or dynamic imbalance or other factors.
Therefore, it is necessary to analyze the dynamic pressure force caused by these factors in order to study on the rotor posture and quantitative movement of the spindle.
The force of the rotor spindle bearing is related to the manufacture, installation and static unbalance or dynamic imbalance or other factors [[] H.
The gyroscopic affects analysis of the machine tool spindle in the early research focus on the influence of the stability or the dynamic properties, not considering the dynamic pressure reaction force caused by the gyroscopic affect.
It can cause the pressure fluctuations of the gas film in hydrostatic bearing and affecting dynamic characteristics of the spindle system.

In particular, mechanical properties and ionic conductivity are important factors in determining the performance of solid oxide fuel cells.
However, pure 8YSZ shows poor mechanical properties so it has some problems according to thin film for decreasing the resistivity of SOFCs and its ionic conductivity is totally decreased by siliceous phases present at the grain boundary [2].
The addition of Al2O3 into 8YSZ improves not only grain boundary conductivity but also mechanical properties by inhibiting grain growth [2, 3, 5].
However, with introduction of the heat-treatment process, ionic conductivity is improved by the increment of grain boundary conductivity but mechanical properties are deteriorated by grain growth.
By adding Al2O3, mechanical properties were increased by small and homogenous grains and the total ionic conductivity was enhanced by the increment of grain boundary conductivity with a scavenging siliceous phase.G G 5.

The formation of the weld line is influenced by a complex interplay of factors, including the rheological properties of the molten plastic, mold geometry, temperature distribution, and operational parameters like extrusion speed and cooling rate [3].
Table 1 The experimental factors.
Material properties of the parison model.
The changes in the mechanical properties and temperature of the parison can be mathematically analyzed during the process.
The parison model will be characterized by two main mechanical elements which consist of spring and damper properties which were explained by Hooke’s law.