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Different symbols correspond to data from different specimens.
Only after this type of validation the edge data can be used as representative for the material.
An example with data recorded for GF/EP cross-ply laminate [2] is shown in Fig.6.
More details regarding the implementation of the phase-shifting technique and data reduction are given in [6].
The method is relatively slow (the data collection time for a single measurement in a fixed position along the fiber can take several seconds).

For the process automation of various design activities including the parametric study, human interactions are excluded practically, in which all processes are dealt with the XML-wrapper, and in- and output data are linked each other and treated in the engineering data management.
The FE model is made of pre-defined shell elements which are transformed from the geometric data of 3 dimensional CAD files under a meshoffset technique developed in this study.
The geometric information such as outer surface data, feature lines and boundary position data applying to structural analysis is provided to the FE modeling support system in the form of CATPart files of CATIA(s.
The position data for the MPCs is obtained simply from the CATPart files.
For the automation of their processes the XMLwrapper was used, in which in- and output data are linked each other and treated in the engineering data management.

To verify the prediction of FEM simulation in the cylindrical heatsink forging process, the experimental parameters such as stress-strain curves and fiction factor, are as the input data during analysis.
According to the relationship between inner diameter changes and height reduction, the calibration curve of constant shear friction factor for a 6:3:2 rings have been predicted.
Both the reduction ratio of height and reduction ratio of inner diameter are calculated.
The flow stress curves are the input data during the simulation of forging process.

The results show that, when the engine is run with D85E15ACN, there is an increase in brake thermal efficiency and reduction in hydrocarbon (HC), carbon monoxide (CO) and smoke emissions, compared to that of neat diesel.
Similar study was carried out by Mu-Jung-Kao et.al [8], their data revealed 410 ppm of NO emission at full load and 1500 rpm.
The limitation of higher NO emission is compensated by increase in BTE and reduction in HC, CO and smoke emissions.
Smoke is considerably reduced due to complete combustion of D85E15ACN (~50 % reduction compared to neat diesel).There is a slight increase in NO emission for D85E15ACN when compared to neat diesel, however it is within permissible limits as per the literature.
[5] Xingcai Lu, Junjun Ma, Libin Ji, Zhen Huang, Simultaneous reduction of NOx emission and smoke opacity of biodiesel-fueled engines by port injection of ethanol, Fuel. 87 (2008) 1289-1296

The powder produced by the continuous sodium reduction of titanium tetrachloride has a coral-like morphology and low tap density.
Based on data collected from previous milling trials, a model was constructed to predict the expected increase in oxygen, nitrogen and hydrogen as milling time increases.
Another technique, wet-attritor milling, was evaluated in order to minimize the oxygen pickup associated with overall particle size reduction.
Starting particle size distribution data is presented in the table below: Table 2.
The material saw a 44-49% thickness reduction to approximately 0.70-0.90mm.

The application of heat pump technology is one of the effective ways to realize energy conservation and emission reduction of air conditioning systems.
According to Fig. 1 and the data in Table 4, we establish comparison matrix and calculate sort weights.
Total sort weight W(4)=(0.1786，0.2562，0.3101，0.2766)T of scheme level C to target level is obtained according to the data in Table 5 and Table 6.
(3) We will select the optimal cold and heat source of heat pump system for local application by the use of AHP, which can realize the target of energy conservation, emission reduction and the initial investment and running cost reduction.
Finally it will realize the ultimate goal of energy saving and emission reduction.

Attempting to update a large number of data may result in a unreliable parameter estimation.
The analysis included Guyan, dynamic reduction, pseudo-dynamic reduction and system equivalent reduction process.
The model has been tuned to approach the data corresponding to undamaged plate test.
To apply direct updating techniques, the measured data and the analytical model must be of equal size.
Therefore, reduction of analytical data, or expansion of experimental data is required.

Design spaces of each variable are reduced by an adaptive reduction radius, which is improved gradually by the adaptive inconsistency of optimum solutions during the optimization process.
Kriging Surrogate Model Once sample data has been gathered, surrogate models can be built by many methods.
Kriging models are constructed using maximum likelihood estimation, and typically interpolate the data, providing an exact fit of the sampled data [2].
The kriging surrogate model is fitted to the experiment design data.
Design spaces of each variable are reduced by an adaptive reduction radius, which is improved gradually by the adaptive inconsistency of optimum solutions during the optimization process.

The paper intends to use decomposition analysis to disentangle distinct components behind historical carbon emission data in order to identify the factors which may have caused the observed changes based on the extended Kaya identity.
The factors of carbon emissions based the extensive Kaya identity and the decomposition method of LMDI are described in Section 2, followed by a presentation of the data sources in Section 3.
Due to lack of data in the statistics yearbook, carbon emissions generated by the straw, natural gas and other energy types are not under consideration.
In order to eliminate the influence of price fluctuation, the writers employ the data based on the constant price in 1978.
The data of energy intensity calculated from annually energy consumption is divided by the constant price of GDP in 1978.

They may cause many unfavorable effects like: reduction of the machinery and vehicle operational efficiency, increasing exploitation wear or frequently rising risk of breakdowns.
Because of these kinds of reasons, the matter of vibration reduction in electromechanical systems is still an intensively investigated topic.
The experimental investigations for a reduction of torsional vibrations have been performed using the test-rig in the form of a drive system shown in Fig. 1.
Main specifications of applied the data acquisition system (DAQ) is described in Table 3.
Here, the analytical and experimental investigations have been performed by means of the rotary damper with the magneto-rheological fluid for reduction of torsional vibrations in rotating systems.