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White materials.
The Royal Society of Chemistry, Cambridge, UK, Blackwell Science 1997
Aerogel-based thermal superinsulation: an overview, Journal of sol-gel science and technology, Vol. 63(3) (2012) p. 315-339 [63] R.
Journal of Non-Crystalline Solids, Vol.186 (1995) p. 244-255
Journal of Building Physics, Vol. 35(2) (2011) p. 128-167 [72] M.

Results show that the developed interface friction model can simulate the characteristics of interface softening of certain materials better, thus providing a method when study the interface softening characteristic of materials.
Introduction In geotechnical engineering, the simulations of sliding or cracking of materials’ interface usually use Clough-Duncan hyperbolic model [1-3], but the simulations of interface of multi-layer materials (such as geotextiles, geomembranes, etc.) should take softening properties into consideration.
Materials adopt linear elastic model.
Journal of three Gorges University. 2008, 30(1): 64-68
Science, Science Technology and Engineering, 2010,10 (19): 4839-4842

Recent Progress on the Application of BASE in energy storage and environmental protection Weifeng Li 1, a, Suhua Ma 1,b and Xiaodong Shen1,2,c 1College of Material Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Technology, Nanjing,China 2State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, Nanjing,China alee@njtech.edu.cn, byc982@163.com, cxdshen@njtech.edu.cn Keywords: Energy storage, BASE, AMTEC, NEMCA, Na Based Batteries Abstract: Beta-alumina solid electrolyte (BASE) is a fast ion conductor material which shows high conductivity of sodium ions and low electronic conductivity.
By optimization of raw materials and improvement of the molding and firing process , for example,using low-cost materials such as boehmite, etc.
Yao, J.T.Kummer:Journal of Inorganic and Nuclear Chemistry, Vol.29(1967):2453-2475
[4] Poullikkas, Andreas:Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews,Vol.27,(2013): 778-788 [5] T.Oshima, M.Kajita,A.Okuno:International Journal of Applied Ceramic Technology,Vol.1 (2004): 269-276 [6] Z.Y.Wen,Y.Y.Hu , X.W.Wu,et al:Advanced Functional Materials,Vol.23(2013):1005-1018 [7] X.C.Lu,L.P.John,S.Vincent,et al:JOM, Vol.62(2010):31-36 [8] C.H.Dustmann: Journal of Power Sources, Vol.127(2004):85-92 [9] M.A.KLodhi, A.Daloglu:Journal of Power Sources,Vol.93(2001):32-40 [10] O.A.
Vayenas,et al:Journal of Catalysis,Vol.166(1997):218-228

[42] Worood Hussein and Mohsin Abdullah Al-Shammari, Fatigue and Fracture Behaviours of FSW and FSP Joints of AA5083-H111 Aluminium Alloy, IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering, International Conference on Materials Engineering and Science, 454 (2018)
[43] Muhsin J Jweeg, Kadhim K Resan, Esraa A Abbod and Muhannad Al-Waily, Dissimilar Aluminium Alloys Welding by Friction Stir Processing and Reverse Rotation Friction Stir Processing, IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering, International Conference on Materials Engineering and Science, 454 (2018)
[51] Hussein I Mansoor, Mohsin Al-shammari and Amjad Al-Hamood, Theoretical Analysis of the Vibrations in Gas Turbine Rotor, IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering, 3rd International Conference on Engineering Sciences, 671 (2020)
[58] Muhannad Al-Waily, Moneer H Tolephih and Muhsin J Jweeg, Fatigue Characterization for Composite Materials used in Artificial Socket Prostheses with the Adding of Nanoparticles, IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering, 2nd International Scientific Conference of Al-Ayen University, 928 (2020)
[68] Emad Kadum Njim, Muhannad Al-Waily, Sadeq H Bakhy, A Critical Review of Recent Research of Free Vibration and Stability of Functionally Graded Materials of Sandwich Plate, IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering, 1094 (2021)

Materials Science and Engineering A202(1995),p.94 [8] Carsi.M, Penaba.F,.Ruano.O.A.
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Therefore, today it is expedient to develop a technology for their utilization and processing for further use as raw materials [4-5].
Complex protection of pipelines using silicate materials based on local raw materials of the far east, Materials Science Forum, 945 (2018). 46-52 [5] Yatsenko, E.A., Goltsman, B.M., Ryabova, A.V., Smoliy, V.A.
Numerical simulation of fractured vertical well in low-permeable oil reservoir with proppant distribution in hydraulic fracture, Journal of Petroleum Science and Engineering, 195 (2020). 107587
Journal of Petroleum Science and Engineering, 198 (2021). 108170 [14] Jiazheng Qin, Shiqing Cheng, Youwei He, Yang Wang, Dong Feng, Dingyi Li, Haiyang Yu.
Journal of Natural Gas Science and Engineering. 57 (2018). 295-304

Thus the skin panels may experience extreme structural problems such as thermal post-buckling, flutter, delamination and fatigue failure for conventional composite materials.
Therefore Functionally Graded Materials (FGMs) have been developed to overcome these kinds of drawbacks.
The materials are generally composed of ceramics and metals whose volume fractions continuously change from one to the other, resulting in corresponding changes in the material properties.
Thus FGMs have simultaneously the merits of two materials.
References [1] Ashley, H., and Zartarian, G., "Piston Theory - A New Aerodynamic Tool for the Aeroelastician" Journal of the Aeronautical Science, Vol. 23, Dec. (1956), p. 1109-1118 [2] J.

In order to determine the minimum thickness of cutting under different cutting condition of aluminum alloy materials 2A12 of micro-milling, research the size effect caused by the cutting edge radius and few microns per tooth in micro-milling process.
Therefore, to develop the cost-effective micro machining technology, which enables the fabrication of 3D shape that characterized in different materials and the micrometer or millimeter profile size, is quite important.
Shreyes: Journal of International Journal of Mechanical Sciences, Vol. 49 (2007), pp.650-660
Journal of International Journal of Machining and Machinability of Materials, Vol. 2 (2007), pp.451-468
Altan: Journal of Material Processing Technology, Vol. 146 (2004), pp.72-81.

The molar ratio of raw material was chosen as Pb: Sn: Ti = (1-x): x: 1.
Calzada, J. de Frutos, Chemical processing and microstructure of piezoelectric lead titanate ceramics, Journal of Materials Science: Materials in Electronics, Vol. 4 1 (1993) 83
Ren et al, Glucose modified hydrothermal synthesis of perovskite oxide nanocrystals, Rare Metal Materials Engineering, Vol. 41 3 (2012) 129
Sun, et al, Structure and electrical properties of Mn doped Bi (Mg1/2Ti1/2) O3-PbTiO3 ferroelectric thin films, Applied Surface Science, 268 (2011) 327
Arnold, et al, Incorporation of lanthanide ions in lead titanate, Journal of Materials Science, Vol. 47 2 (2012) 1094

Materials and Methods Basically, there are three types of materials used in this research, there are clay, sand and rice husk ash.
Table 1 shows the chemical composition of materials used in this research.
Rahman: International Journal of Cement Composites and Lightweight Concrete; 9(2) (1987), p.105-108 [5] Agbede I.O.: American Journal Of Scientific and Industrial Research; Vol. 2(4) (2011), p.674-677 [6] Chandrasekhar Sathy: Journal of Material Science.
Wattanasiriwech: Journal of Science Asia, Vol. 33 (2007), p 125-130 [9] Lugwisha EHJ.: Tanzania Journal of Science.
Cheeseman: Journal of Hazardous Materials, Vol. 171, p.76–82